US3375524A - Antenna distributor circuit for four dipoles with adjacent dipoles in phase quadrature - Google Patents

Antenna distributor circuit for four dipoles with adjacent dipoles in phase quadrature Download PDF

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Publication number
US3375524A
US3375524A US402752A US40275264A US3375524A US 3375524 A US3375524 A US 3375524A US 402752 A US402752 A US 402752A US 40275264 A US40275264 A US 40275264A US 3375524 A US3375524 A US 3375524A
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United States
Prior art keywords
dipoles
phase
antenna
directional coupler
feed
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Expired - Lifetime
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US402752A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kunemund Friedrich
Laub Helmut
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/26—Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre

Definitions

  • a distributor circuit for plural load devices fed in the rotary field of a polydirectional antenna having phase differences of.90 in the adjacent load devices including a 3-d-b directional coupler connected in the main feed line, and connecting lines of equal length for opposite load devices connected to distributor points from the directional coupler.
  • phase quadrature is utilized especially in transmitting antennas serving for the radiation of television programs, where extremely low reflection factors are necessary.
  • each of 4 length difference are utilized.
  • the present invention has primarily as its problem to overcome these difficulties as simply as possible, and thereby achieve wide-band uniform phase differences also in loads fed in phase quadrature. According to the invention this is achieved by the method that a 3-d b directional coupler is inserted into the common feed line for the two loads, so that both at the remote point of the through line, as seen from the transmitter, and also at the output of the coupling line adjacent the transmitter, in each case one or more load devices are connected, and the line lengths and/ or phase members between a point on the feed line common to the loads and the particular connecting point of the two loads, apart from the phase relations elfected by the directional coupler, are substantially equal.
  • the distributor circuit according to the invention can be so utilized that in each case one direc-.
  • phase member with 180 phase displacement is inserted in the circuit thereof, which can advantageously be formed by a pole reversal of the connecting lines. It is expedient to insert the phase member, in this case as viewed from the transmitter, after the distributor point and before the particular directional coupler.
  • a further advantageous possibility for the production of the desired phase relations consists in reversing the polarity of the connections of the antennas.
  • the output of the coupling line of the directional coupler lying opposite the connection of the through line at the transmitter side, is expediently provided with an absorber dimensioned according to the reflected components occurring in the particular antenna system, whereby the directional coupler serves simultaneously as a distributor circuit, producing the necessary phase difference between the antennas and, without additional means, feeds the reflected energy components to the absorber.
  • the feed of four load devices can advantageously also be carried out that only one directional coupler is provided, to the outputs of which to the loads, in each case there is connected, over a distributor circuit, a load pair, for example, two antennas.
  • a load pair for example, two antennas.
  • the arrangement is constructed expediently in such a way that in each case the connections of one antenna of each antenna pair are reversed in polarity.
  • a common directional coupler For operation in which the wave resistance (Z) of the common feed line is equal to the input resistance of each of the load devices, and an even number (n) of loads is to be connected, a common directional coupler can be so designed that its input resistance, both as viewed from the transmitter and also from the load sides is made equal to Z Z-Z/n.
  • the loads are arranged in two like groups, which are then connected to the direction coupler outputs without other matching circuits.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the feed of two antennas
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the distributor circuit for a polydirectional antenna system
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the diagrams of an omnidirectional antenna system with phase steps created over cable lentghs, respectively direction couplers;
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate the radiation characteristics of an omnidirectional antenna with relativley great reflections at the individual antennas, utilizing directional couplers for the distributor circuit;
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the radiation characteristics of a directional antenna system
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate distributor circuits for four loads with in each case only one directional coupler.
  • the dipoles 1 and 2 are fed from a common transmitter 3 over a main feed line 4 and branchlines 5 and 6.
  • the two antennas 1 and 2 are to be fed in phase quadrature, that is with phase difference, and are therefore for the balancing of the phase difference, spatially staggered with reference to the main radiation direction by A/ 4.
  • a directional coupler 9 is utilized for the generation of the phase difference, which coupler consists of a through line 10 and a coupling line '11, the degree of coupling being so selected that one-half of the transmitting energy is fed to the feed line 5 and the other half is fed to feed line 6 (3-db coupler).
  • a phase difference of 90 which within the operating frequency range of the directional coupler is largely independent of frequency.
  • the voltage at point 12 leads by 90 with respect to that at point 13, so that with use of equally long transmission sections and 6 for the feed lines to the antennas -1 and 2, phase steps of 90 are there achieved.
  • phase rotation up to the antennas operating as loads is always equal, independently of the frequency for the two branch lines.
  • the energy components reflected in the case of an at least approximately like type false matching at antennas 1 and 2 pass largely into the absorber resistor 14, which is connected at the terminal 16 lying diagonally opposite the input terminal 15 of the through line 10.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the construction of a distributor circuit, according to the principles explained in FIG. 1, in which a polydirectional antenna consisting of dipoles or dipole fields 20. to 23 is to be fed in a rotary field, whose individual elements are illustrated as mounted on the sides of a mast 24 indicated in broken lines.
  • the feed line 27 leading from the transmitter 25 to the distributor point 26 is there divided into two lines 28 and 29, over which the radiator pairs 20, 21, 22 and 23 are supplied.
  • the further subdivision of the energy into two equal parts and the setting .of the phase difference of 90 is in each case achieved by the directional couplers and 31, which are respectively allocated to antenna pairs 20, 21, and 22, 23.
  • phase member 32 Since there is to be progressively achieved a phase difference of 90 between the radiators, before the input into the directional coupler 30 there is provided a phase member 32, which effects a phase displacement of 180.
  • the lengths of the cable sections 28a, 28b and 29a, 2% connected to the outputs of the directional couplers 30 and 31 are made equal, as are the lengths of the lines 28 and 29 between the distributor point 26 and the input into the directional coupler 30 and 31, respectively.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 there are represented radiation diagrams of an omnidirectional antenna formed of four individual antennas fed in a rotary field.
  • FIG. 4 it is assumed that the phase steps between the radiators are achieved through the use of feed cable sections differing in their length by 4 and in the radiators with 180 and 270 phase displacement,respectively, a polarity reversal is additionally provided.
  • a polarity reversal For an operating frequency 3; of 0.75 f and a reflection factor of the loads of 10% there result radiation diagrams with valleys to below 0.5 E
  • the solidly drawn curve 40 designates the field strength course with maximum possible phase difference between oppositely situated fields (34, 36 in FIG. 3), while the curve 41, drawn in broken lines, designates the course of the maximum possible power difference.
  • FIG. 4 it is assumed that the phase steps between the radiators are achieved through the use of feed cable sections differing in their length by 4 and in the radiators with 180 and 270 phase displacement,respectively, a polarity reversal is additionally provided
  • FIG. 6 there isillustrated the radiation diagram for a directional antenna system of the type represented in FIG. 1.
  • the reflection factor of the antenna is assumed at 20%, the reflection factor ofthe absorber resistor at.
  • tion of the main radiation direction and to a certain ex- 1 tent its magnitude can be influenced by modification of the amount and/ or of the phase of the reflection factor of the absorber device, so that here, by simple means, without connection into the feed lines proper, returning possibilities maybe achieved.
  • the. lateral deviations of the main radiation directions could in this manner be corrected.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an antenna system operated in a rotary field feed, which consists of individual radiators or radiator groups. (for example dipole fields) 50 to 53.
  • the directional coupler. 56 operating as a distributor, whose absorber resistor is designated at the coupling conductor 58 by the numeral 57.
  • the antenna pairs 50 and 52 At t'heoutput of the through conductor there are connected the antenna pairs 50 and 52, which with equal line lengths 60 and 61 are operated in like phase calculated from the distributor point 62.
  • the phase difference needed for the rotary field feed between the radiators 50 and 52 is achieved by polarity reversal of the connecting line to radiator 52.
  • a matching must be effected.
  • the radiators 51 and 53 are supplied from the distributor point 63 over equally long lines 64 and 65, with the phase difference of 180 being achieved by polarity reversal of the connecting line of radiator 53. If the line lengths 66 and 67 as well as 60 and 64 are equal to one another,
  • the radiators 51 and 53 have a phase lead relative to the radiators 50 and 52,1respectively, in each case of 90, so that a rotary field antenna results.
  • FIG. 8 a distributor is represented in which, for the simplification of theline transmission, the radiators are.
  • a three-stage transformer 72 To the output side of the main feed line 71 proceeding from the transmitter 70 is connected a three-stage transformer 72.
  • the directional coupler 75 is so dimensioned in the case of n loads that its input resistance, asmcasured both at the through.
  • the absorber is executed as a wide band radiator 82 whose radiation is so polarized or directed that it does not disturb the main radiation.
  • the radiator 82 is positioned to radiate upwardly (relative to the figure) at right angles to dipoles 50, 51, 52 and 53 and thus causes no distortion of omnidirectional pattern.
  • An distributor circuit for feeding four dipoles forming an omnidirectional antenna comprising,
  • a matching transformer connected to the main feed line
  • a directional coupler connected to the matching transformer, and having a pair of outputs
  • a distrib-utor circuit wherein the impedance of the pairs of antenna feed lines is twice the impedance of the input and output impedances of the directional coupler, and the input impedance of the match ing transformer is twice the input and output impedance of the directional coupler, and the output impedance of the matching transformer is equal to the input and output impedances of the directional coupler.
  • a distributor circuit according to claim 2 wherein the matching transformer is a multistage transformer.
  • a distributor circuit according to claim 4 wherein said energy absorber means comprises an antenna which radiates energy in a direction whidh does not interfere with the energy radiated from the four dipoles.

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US402752A 1963-10-10 1964-10-09 Antenna distributor circuit for four dipoles with adjacent dipoles in phase quadrature Expired - Lifetime US3375524A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1963S0087802 DE1264545C2 (de) 1963-10-10 1963-10-10 Verteilerschaltung fuer vier im Drehfeld gespeiste Strahler

Publications (1)

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US3375524A true US3375524A (en) 1968-03-26

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DE (1) DE1264545C2 (de)
GB (1) GB1077826A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4101901A (en) * 1975-12-22 1978-07-18 Motorola, Inc. Interleaved antenna array for use in a multiple input antenna system
US4480255A (en) * 1982-12-06 1984-10-30 Motorola Inc. Method for achieving high isolation between antenna arrays
US5349364A (en) * 1992-06-26 1994-09-20 Acvo Corporation Electromagnetic power distribution system comprising distinct type couplers
US5387885A (en) * 1990-05-03 1995-02-07 University Of North Carolina Salphasic distribution of timing signals for the synchronization of physically separated entities
US6201510B1 (en) * 1999-07-21 2001-03-13 Bae Systems Advanced Systems Self-contained progressive-phase GPS elements and antennas
EP1813032B1 (de) * 2004-11-10 2009-02-25 Fachhochschule Aachen Antennenarchitektur und lc-koppler

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2415932A (en) * 1943-04-21 1947-02-18 Rca Corp Antenna system
US2990548A (en) * 1959-02-26 1961-06-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Spiral antenna apparatus for electronic scanning and beam position control
US3222677A (en) * 1960-01-04 1965-12-07 Litton Systems Inc Lobe switching directional antenna with directional couplers for feeding and phasing signal energy
US3295134A (en) * 1965-11-12 1966-12-27 Sanders Associates Inc Antenna system for radiating directional patterns
US3314069A (en) * 1963-05-07 1967-04-11 Csf Wide band direction finder antenna

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2415932A (en) * 1943-04-21 1947-02-18 Rca Corp Antenna system
US2990548A (en) * 1959-02-26 1961-06-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp Spiral antenna apparatus for electronic scanning and beam position control
US3222677A (en) * 1960-01-04 1965-12-07 Litton Systems Inc Lobe switching directional antenna with directional couplers for feeding and phasing signal energy
US3314069A (en) * 1963-05-07 1967-04-11 Csf Wide band direction finder antenna
US3295134A (en) * 1965-11-12 1966-12-27 Sanders Associates Inc Antenna system for radiating directional patterns

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4101901A (en) * 1975-12-22 1978-07-18 Motorola, Inc. Interleaved antenna array for use in a multiple input antenna system
US4480255A (en) * 1982-12-06 1984-10-30 Motorola Inc. Method for achieving high isolation between antenna arrays
US5387885A (en) * 1990-05-03 1995-02-07 University Of North Carolina Salphasic distribution of timing signals for the synchronization of physically separated entities
US5349364A (en) * 1992-06-26 1994-09-20 Acvo Corporation Electromagnetic power distribution system comprising distinct type couplers
US6201510B1 (en) * 1999-07-21 2001-03-13 Bae Systems Advanced Systems Self-contained progressive-phase GPS elements and antennas
EP1813032B1 (de) * 2004-11-10 2009-02-25 Fachhochschule Aachen Antennenarchitektur und lc-koppler

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Publication number Publication date
DE1264545C2 (de) 1973-05-17
GB1077826A (en) 1967-08-02
DE1264545B (de) 1968-03-28

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