US3372738A - Cooling arrangement for oil-filled electric transformers or reactors - Google Patents

Cooling arrangement for oil-filled electric transformers or reactors Download PDF

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Publication number
US3372738A
US3372738A US456196A US45619665A US3372738A US 3372738 A US3372738 A US 3372738A US 456196 A US456196 A US 456196A US 45619665 A US45619665 A US 45619665A US 3372738 A US3372738 A US 3372738A
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United States
Prior art keywords
oil
header
cooling
tank
transformer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US456196A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jan Wilhelm
Reitbauer Johannes
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Andritz Hydro GmbH Austria
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Andritz Hydro GmbH Austria
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cooling arrangement for oil-filled electric transformers or reactors, and more particularly to such an arrangement wherein vertical sections of the cooling risers are arranged between the legs of horizontal, U-shaped distributing and collecting header members.
  • the present invention relates to a cooling arrangement for dissipating the heat produced by losses in oil-filled electric transformers or reactors, having a plurality of vertical riser groups or sections (cooling pipes) which are fed with the tank oil to be cooled by way of horizontal U-shaped distributing and collecting header members, connected to the transformer tank at the middle of the base line of the U, directly or by the intermediary of a further main distributing and collecting header pipe, wherein one of the main features resides in that the U- shaped distributing and collecting header members for the individual vertical riser groups or sections are horizontally situated, and that these riser sections are arranged between the two legs of the U-shaped header members.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a transformer radiator element incorporating the cooling arrangement of this invention (the transformer tank being omitted);
  • FIG. 2 is a top elevational view of the radiator element according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of a constructional detail, showing the connection between a U-shaped header and one of the riser sections;
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of an arrangement for supplying with oil a plurality of radiator elements
  • FIG. 5 is a top elevational view of the set-up according to FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional, partial view of a structural detail, taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of the cooling arrangement of FIGS. 4 to 6, viewed in the axial direction of the main distributing and collecting headers, toward the first group of radiator elements.
  • numeral 1 identifies a top (distributing) header pipe or member and 5 a bottom (collecting) header pipe of a radiator element comprising vertical riser sections (cooling pipes) 2, 3 and 4.
  • the header members 1 and 5 are horizontal U-shaped bent pipes (see FIG. 2) which, on the base line of the U, are connected by means of flanges 6 and shut-off devices 7 to a transformer tank wall 8 (the rest of the tank has been omitted for the sake of clarity), and include between the legs of the U the vertically disposed inner risers 2, intermediate risers 3 and outer risers 4.
  • the outermost riser section 4 receives oil from and de livers oil to the header members 1, 5 through pipe elbows 9 attached to respective limbs of the U-shaped header members 1 and 5, at the top and the bottom, respectively.
  • an.innermost riser section 10 may be connected to the header members 1, 5 by vertical short pieces of pipe 11 welded to the basis of the U- shaped header members.
  • a radiator block built up in such a manner, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, is supported by C-shaped cantilever beams 12 having flanges 13, 14 which are directed toward the radiator block.
  • the vertical load resulting at the bottom connecting point from the above-mentioned attachment of the radiator block is taken up by structural steel plates 15 welded to the tank wall 8, or to stiffening ribs of the transformer tank.
  • fans 17 (see FIG. 1) having suitable mounting flanges 16 are provided which, in the illustrated, preferred and exemplary embodiment, blow cooling air in vertical direction.
  • numerals 18, 19 identify on the header 5 a terminal box, and its attachment to the structure, for the fan motors.
  • the U-shaped header members 1, 5 have a cross-section tapering off from the feeding point 6 for the innermost riser section 10, or the inner section 2, towards the outermost riser, e.g. 4 (declining top edge of header pipe 1 and declining bottom edge of header pipe 5, respectively) in order to keep constant as far as possible the oil-flow velocity in these pipes.
  • thermosiphon effect that is, natural circulation owing to the weight difference between the heated-up and the cooled-down transformer oil.
  • the hot oil rises in the transformer owing to the said effect is then led to the individual cooling elements or riser sections by way of the distributing header pipe, whereupon it is cooled down in the riser sections.
  • the oil descends by its increased weight and is then allowed to return to the bottom of the transformer tank by way of the collecting header pipe.
  • FIGS. 4 and show a second preferred embodiment, with the supply of a plurality of radiator blocks as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 taken from a common main header.
  • a plurality of radiator blocks as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 taken from a common main header.
  • Such an arrangement will be found appropriate if the radiators are supported by separate fundaments or bases (separately installed cooler units), making it possible to series-connect several radiator blocks with respect to the oil flow from and back to the transformer tank.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are reversed as to the left and right-hand sides of the illustration, as compared to FIGS. 1 and 2 (oil connections from the right and the left, respectively, in the aforementioned views).
  • the hot oil is supplied to the various radiator blocks through a main distributing header 21 and the cooled oil is returned to the transformer tank through a main collecting header 22.
  • the main distributing header 21 tapers off outwards, as shown.
  • the main collecting header 22 has a narrowing crosssection; moreover, it has a slight slope towards the transformer tank, that is, the right-hand side of FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • C-shaped cantilever beams are provided which surround the upper and lower header pipes, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and are secured to the transformer tank wall so as to transmit the vertical load to the wall.
  • the weight of the radiator block actually rests on the plates interposed between the lower C- shaped beam 12 and the tank wall 8.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 there are no cantilever beams (that is, beams clamped on one end only) but girders with a C-shaped cross-section.
  • the upper ones preferably serve for transporting one or more radiator blocks by means of a crane (e.g., during installation or repair), while the lower ones are adapted to mount the radiator installation onto a separate foundation or base (as shown in FIG. 4 in broken lines).
  • the attachment of the individual radiator batteries to the girders can be provided in numerous conventional ways, and this is a structural expedient well known to those skilled in this art.
  • FIG. 7 shows the first two radiator elements connected to the respective distributing and collecting headers 21 and 22, with the pipe elbows 9 protruding from the re spective top and bottom header pipes 1 and 5.
  • riser sections 2, 3 and 4 may be supplemented by innermost riser sections 10 and pertaining short pipe sections 11, connected to the header members 1, 5 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • Elbows 9 are shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 for riser sections 4, as in FIG. 2.
  • flanges 6 and shut-off devices 7 are employed between the main headers 21, 22, on the one hand, and the transformer tank 8, on the other, in addition to, or instead of the illustrated expansion pipes 23 (as shown for the header members 1, 5 of FIGS. 1 to 3).
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 7 also show the forced-cooling fans 17 and their mounting flanges 16; the pertaining terminal boxes 18 and their attachments 19 are exemplified in FIG. 2 only but are of course applicable to the second embodiment as well.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 is characterized by the distributing and collecting main headers 21, 22 before and after the U-shaped header members 1, 5, when considering the direction of the oil flow.
  • the arrows in the drawings clearly show the direction of the natural or thermosiphon oil circulation.
  • the series connection relates to the oil flow in axial direction of the main headers, in combination with the flow in the direction of each leg of the U-shaped header member (both at the distributing and at the collecting side).
  • Each parallel connection or path actually bisects the flow resistance in a known manner (analogous to the parallel connection of electrical resistors).
  • the principle of parallel connections starts with the pipe connections and flanges 24, 25 where the first bifurcation of the oil flow takes place, and then it continues in the U-shaped header members 1 where the oil stream branches off to the two limbs of the U.
  • the individual header members 1 and 5 of FIGS. 4 to 7 may also have flanges connected to the straight portions, between the two limbs or legs, and these flanges may be similar to those shown in FIG. 2 with numeral 6.
  • FIG. 5 it will be seen that the branching off of the oil flow from the top or distributing header 21 alternates between the two opposite rows of radiator blocks (upper and lower rows, as shown in the drawing). This makes for optimally uniform distribution of the warm or headed-up oil among the individual radiator units.
  • the bottom or collecting header 22 has a similar arrangement with respect to the header members 5 connected thereto (see also FIG. 4);
  • the cooler arrangement in accordance with this invention makes it possible to provide a greater number of cooling elements with a given required space, or to accomplish the oil circulation with less resistance to the oil flow with a given number of cooling elements. In doing so it becomes possible to eliminate the heat due to transformer losses, even with large transformer capacities, only by air-cooled radiators, possibly even without forced cooling by fans.
  • shut-off devices and packings are essentially reduced, maintaining good interchangeability and accessibility of the cooling elements which form an assembly unit. This is an advantage in regard to maintenance, repair and supervision, and also reduces the material and labor costs.
  • transformer-cooling radiator units can be supplied with oil, even at low flow velocities, particularly when using the second embodiment of the invention, as described hereinabove.
  • the number of such units is considerably higher than could be attained with hitherto known devices.
  • the inventive arrangement allows to dissipate the heat of very large transformers by the natural circulation of the cooling oil, as described earlier, entirely without, or only with intermittent, forcedair cooling.
  • the double-sided oil supply provided by the U-shaped header members forming the important feature of both described embodiments, is considered to be an essential factor in achieving the optimum compromise possible in such cooling arangements.
  • the multiple set-up of the second embodiment provides even better results than the first one as a result of the described combined and multiple oil paths. There is of course the added advantage of accommodating a large number of radiator units in a relatively limited space, which has serious economic benefits in such installations.
  • a cooling arrangement for dissipating the heat produced by losses in an oil-filled electric transformer or reactor including an oil tank, the arrangement comprising at least two groups of a plurality of substantially vertical riser sections to and from which the oil to be cooled is supplied from said tank in parallel connection, by way of at least two pairs of substantially horizontal, U-shaped upper distributing and lower collecting header members having each a base of the U and two flanking legs between which said riser sections are connected, upper distributing and lower collecting main header pipes in series communication between said tank and said header members, the latter being connected on opposite sides of said main header pipes, substantially at the middle of their bases, and facing in opposite directions, alternately laterally slanting pipe connections between said header members and at least one of said main header pipes, and means for supporting said header members from the wall of said tank.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transformer Cooling (AREA)
US456196A 1964-05-20 1965-05-17 Cooling arrangement for oil-filled electric transformers or reactors Expired - Lifetime US3372738A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT437764A AT243369B (de) 1964-05-20 1964-05-20 Radiatoren für Transformatoren oder Drosselspulen

Publications (1)

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US3372738A true US3372738A (en) 1968-03-12

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US (1) US3372738A (de)
AT (1) AT243369B (de)
NL (1) NL6506330A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3610327A (en) * 1968-08-30 1971-10-05 Washington Engineering Ltd Cooling systems for transformers
US4300539A (en) * 1978-09-22 1981-11-17 Ecosol Materials, Inc. Solar collector
US5826649A (en) * 1997-01-24 1998-10-27 Modine Manufacturing Co. Evaporator, condenser for a heat pump
US20030173063A1 (en) * 2002-02-26 2003-09-18 Kazutaka Suzuki Boiling and condensing apparatus
US20040173342A1 (en) * 2001-05-11 2004-09-09 Hajime Sugito Cooling device boiling and condensing refrigerant
US20090250051A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2009-10-08 Sener, Ingenieria Y Sistemas, S.A. Thin wall header with a variable cross-section for solar absorption panels
US20100012297A1 (en) * 2008-07-18 2010-01-21 Kuen-Cheng Wang Cooling system for large power transformers
US20130199288A1 (en) * 2012-02-02 2013-08-08 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Fluid flow distribution device
US20170271069A1 (en) * 2008-09-17 2017-09-21 General Electric Company Rupture resistant system

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191407695A (en) * 1913-06-18 1915-06-24 Carl Kleyer Radiator for Stove Flues.
FR687592A (fr) * 1929-03-18 1930-08-11 Asea Ab Perfectionnement aux cuves de transformateurs à chambres de refroidissement
US2024716A (en) * 1934-09-29 1935-12-17 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Transformer air-blast equipment
CH209015A (de) * 1938-04-29 1940-03-15 Licentia Gmbh Kühlanordnung an Transformatoren.
GB679241A (en) * 1950-09-19 1952-09-17 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to electric transformers and like apparatus
FR1267122A (fr) * 1958-03-06 1961-07-21 Chantiers De Latlantique Procédé d'aménagement d'échangeur de températures à une ou plusieurs cellules et échangeur de températures en comportant application
US3016230A (en) * 1959-03-30 1962-01-09 Gen Electric Heat exchange assembly
GB886489A (en) * 1957-06-07 1962-01-10 English Electric Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to liquid convection cooling systems for apparatus
US3235823A (en) * 1961-04-03 1966-02-15 Mc Graw Edison Co High voltage three phase transformer

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191407695A (en) * 1913-06-18 1915-06-24 Carl Kleyer Radiator for Stove Flues.
FR687592A (fr) * 1929-03-18 1930-08-11 Asea Ab Perfectionnement aux cuves de transformateurs à chambres de refroidissement
US2024716A (en) * 1934-09-29 1935-12-17 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Transformer air-blast equipment
CH209015A (de) * 1938-04-29 1940-03-15 Licentia Gmbh Kühlanordnung an Transformatoren.
GB679241A (en) * 1950-09-19 1952-09-17 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to electric transformers and like apparatus
GB886489A (en) * 1957-06-07 1962-01-10 English Electric Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to liquid convection cooling systems for apparatus
FR1267122A (fr) * 1958-03-06 1961-07-21 Chantiers De Latlantique Procédé d'aménagement d'échangeur de températures à une ou plusieurs cellules et échangeur de températures en comportant application
US3016230A (en) * 1959-03-30 1962-01-09 Gen Electric Heat exchange assembly
US3235823A (en) * 1961-04-03 1966-02-15 Mc Graw Edison Co High voltage three phase transformer

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3610327A (en) * 1968-08-30 1971-10-05 Washington Engineering Ltd Cooling systems for transformers
US4300539A (en) * 1978-09-22 1981-11-17 Ecosol Materials, Inc. Solar collector
US5826649A (en) * 1997-01-24 1998-10-27 Modine Manufacturing Co. Evaporator, condenser for a heat pump
US20040173342A1 (en) * 2001-05-11 2004-09-09 Hajime Sugito Cooling device boiling and condensing refrigerant
US7017657B2 (en) * 2001-05-11 2006-03-28 Denso Corporation Cooling device boiling and condensing refrigerant
US20030173063A1 (en) * 2002-02-26 2003-09-18 Kazutaka Suzuki Boiling and condensing apparatus
US6742575B2 (en) * 2002-02-26 2004-06-01 Denso Corporation Boiling and condensing apparatus
US20090250051A1 (en) * 2006-02-01 2009-10-08 Sener, Ingenieria Y Sistemas, S.A. Thin wall header with a variable cross-section for solar absorption panels
US8186341B2 (en) * 2006-02-01 2012-05-29 Sener, Ingenieria Y Sistemas, S.A. Thin wall header with a variable cross-section for solar absorption panels
US20100012297A1 (en) * 2008-07-18 2010-01-21 Kuen-Cheng Wang Cooling system for large power transformers
US8188822B2 (en) * 2008-07-18 2012-05-29 Kuen-Cheng Wang Cooling system for large power transformers
US20170271069A1 (en) * 2008-09-17 2017-09-21 General Electric Company Rupture resistant system
US11056264B2 (en) * 2008-09-17 2021-07-06 General Electric Company Rupture resistant system
US20130199288A1 (en) * 2012-02-02 2013-08-08 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Fluid flow distribution device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT243369B (de) 1965-11-10
NL6506330A (de) 1965-11-22

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