US3365602A - High pressure electric discharge lamp having a fill including uranium halide - Google Patents

High pressure electric discharge lamp having a fill including uranium halide Download PDF

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Publication number
US3365602A
US3365602A US436420A US43642065A US3365602A US 3365602 A US3365602 A US 3365602A US 436420 A US436420 A US 436420A US 43642065 A US43642065 A US 43642065A US 3365602 A US3365602 A US 3365602A
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United States
Prior art keywords
uranium
lamp
discharge lamp
filling
pressure
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Expired - Lifetime
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US436420A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bauer Arnold
Buchwieser Guido
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Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/125—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having an halogenide as principal component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT BF THE DESCLGSURE A high-pressure light-producing lamp with solid hot electrodes and with a gaseous filling containing a uranium halide, excited in the high-pressure discharge for producing simulation of natural or white light.
  • the ones most used are high-pressure mercury vapor lamps.
  • the envelopes of these lamps are made usually of quartz glass, and the lamps contain, beside a starting gas, a small quantity of mercury which vaporizes completely in operation of the lamp.
  • The are is maintained at a vapor pressure of 1 to 25 atmospheres and emits, beside a proportionately weak continuum, more particularly a line spectrum with a few but very strong lines, so that the light color of these lamps differs very much from natural light and also from light which is emitted from an incandescent solid body; and color rendition is quite unsatisfactory.
  • an electric highpressure gaseous or vapor discharge lamp with solid, discharge-heated electrodes, with an envelope consisting of high-melting light-transmissive material, and with a filling containing a metal halide compound as the component to be excited is characterized in that the component of the filling to be excited is chosen as uranium halide.
  • the prior art discloses as known a lamp in which metals of the 6th, 7th and 8th groups of the periodic table in the form of their halides are used as the sole lamp filling.
  • a re-test made of the specifications has, however, shown that generally the iodides, bromides and chlorides of the respective metals mentioned in this connection, for example, molybdenum and tungsten, decompose at or before those temperatures are reached at which the electrodes will operate.
  • quartz iodine lamps the van Arckel cycle process gets started, utilization of which causes the metal atoms to wander from the discharge space to the electrodes, where they deposit.
  • an addition of fluorides does not solve the problem because fluorine attacks the electrodes.
  • a filling of tungsten iodide in an elec-trodeless discharge lamp may be excited easily, for instance through high frequency, as long as the wall temperature of the discharge envelope remains below 650 C., such a filling does not solve the problem if hot electrodes are used.
  • Metallic tungsten deposits in the hot zones of the electrodes until the iodide is nearly decomposed according to the law of mass action. If the electrodes consist of tungsten, molybdenum or of a metal of similar afiinity to iodine, the cooler zones of the electrodes will also be sputtered and the electrode material will be deposited in the warmer zones.
  • this latter fact serves for the visual efiect because line radiation of the atom cannot fall below the wave length of 310 mu which corresponds to that energy.
  • corresponding small exciting energies below 4 ev. are advantageous for a lamp filling of the present kind because all of these levels are excited relatively stronger than, for instance, the lowest level of the basic gas of mercury of 4.7 ev.
  • the uranium levels are excited absolutely stronger than, for instance, the levels of mercury of 7.7 ev. which are important for the visible lines if the ratio of the partial pressures of uranium to mercury, p /p is higher than about 3 X 10
  • the plasma attains with a uranium partial pressure, the required conductivity with considerably lower temperature.
  • the lamp according to the present invention has also an addition of mercury vaporizing completely in operation and producing a partial pressure of several atmospheres, as well as an addition of rare gas for :facilitating starting.
  • Another embodiment of the lamp has, beside uranium halide, a basic fi ling of xenon amounting to several atmospheres.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a highpressure discharge lamp wherein addition of uranium iodide is employed;
  • FIGURE 2 is a graph showing the spectral radiant intensity of a high-pressure mercury vapor lamp with uranium bromide addition in relative unities dependent on the wave length and wall load W in w./cm.
  • the discharge envelope 1 consists of quartz glass and has an enclosed volume of 4.5 cm.
  • the pin electrodes 2 and 3 consist'of refractory metal, preferablyof tungsten wire of 1.5 mm. diameter, and have a conventional foil seal 4 and 5 respectively. Activation of the electrodes beyond the usual thorium addition of up to 5% should be prevented.
  • the rare gas filling for start- .ing facilitation amounts to 20 mm. Hg of argon.
  • the electrical and lighting data of the lamp are:
  • the quantity of uranium iodide addition of mg. is chosen so high that it does not vaporize completely.
  • the height of the partial pressure of the uranium iodide depends on the wall temperature, and, consequently, on the wall load. Since uranium halide is very hygroscopic it is recommended that metallic uranium and elementary iodine or tone of the incandescent light. Because of good color rendition with very long life, the range between 7 and 12 w./cm. is preferred. Thus, the spectral energy distribution may be adjusted even with one addition only to the highpressure mercury lamp to any desired color tone in wide limits.
  • the required wall loads are quite compatible for quartz glass or for special glasses, as Vycor and that.
  • a uranium halide one or several halides, as T11, 1111 NaI or ScI in order to obtain a further increase in light output and/or some change in spectral energy distribution of the lamp.
  • a lamp filling according to the present invention may also be used in short are lamps.
  • the advantage of such lamps lies in a combination of higher operating voltage as in extra high-pressure mercury lamps with good color rendition as hitherto found in xenon short are lamps only. Besides, lamp output is not only much higher than in a xenon lamp, but also higher than in an extra-highpressure mercury lamp without requiring a correspond.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US436420A 1964-03-03 1965-02-26 High pressure electric discharge lamp having a fill including uranium halide Expired - Lifetime US3365602A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP33736A DE1199398B (de) 1964-03-03 1964-03-03 Elektrische Hochdruckentladungslampe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3365602A true US3365602A (en) 1968-01-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US436420A Expired - Lifetime US3365602A (en) 1964-03-03 1965-02-26 High pressure electric discharge lamp having a fill including uranium halide

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US3365602A (de)
DE (1) DE1199398B (de)
GB (1) GB1052612A (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2826733C2 (de) * 1977-07-05 1982-07-29 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. Hochdruck-Metalldampf-Entladungslampe
US4935668A (en) * 1988-02-18 1990-06-19 General Electric Company Metal halide lamp having vacuum shroud for improved performance
CA1301238C (en) * 1988-02-18 1992-05-19 Rolf Sverre Bergman Xenon-metal halide lamp particularly suited for automotive applications

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR915247A (fr) * 1944-12-21 1946-10-30 électrode activée pour tubes luminescents
US2422659A (en) * 1943-08-21 1947-06-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Spark gap discharge device
US3234421A (en) * 1961-01-23 1966-02-08 Gen Electric Metallic halide electric discharge lamps

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1322463A (fr) * 1961-04-11 1963-03-29 Lampes Sa Lampe à décharge électrique dans une vapeur métallique

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2422659A (en) * 1943-08-21 1947-06-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Spark gap discharge device
FR915247A (fr) * 1944-12-21 1946-10-30 électrode activée pour tubes luminescents
US3234421A (en) * 1961-01-23 1966-02-08 Gen Electric Metallic halide electric discharge lamps

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1199398B (de) 1965-08-26
GB1052612A (de)

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