US3364969A - Combustion chamber air flow control - Google Patents

Combustion chamber air flow control Download PDF

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Publication number
US3364969A
US3364969A US548997A US54899766A US3364969A US 3364969 A US3364969 A US 3364969A US 548997 A US548997 A US 548997A US 54899766 A US54899766 A US 54899766A US 3364969 A US3364969 A US 3364969A
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United States
Prior art keywords
housing
combustion
combustion chamber
air
fuel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US548997A
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English (en)
Inventor
John V Stephenson
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American Air Filter Co Inc
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American Air Filter Co Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by American Air Filter Co Inc filed Critical American Air Filter Co Inc
Priority to US548997A priority Critical patent/US3364969A/en
Priority to BR188665/67A priority patent/BR6788665D0/pt
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3364969A publication Critical patent/US3364969A/en
Assigned to CONNECTICUT NATIONAL BANK THE, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION AS TRUSTEE, WOODS KATHLEEN D., AS TRUSTEE reassignment CONNECTICUT NATIONAL BANK THE, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION AS TRUSTEE SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALLIS-CHALMERS CORPORATION A DE CORP.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/404—Flame tubes

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A fuel burning combustor device where a combustion chamber is defined by a housing having air inlet apertures, where bimetallic strips are provided to cover the air inlet apertures at a low temperature in the combustion chamber and warp away from the inlet apertures in response to increased temperature in the combustion chamber to admit combustion air through the apertures.
  • the present invention provides an inexpensive, eflicient, combustion chamber which significantly reduces the formation of carbon deposits, smoking, and incomplete combustion during ignition and warm up or operation regardless of the ambient temperature or the relative weight of the fuel used.
  • the advantageous combustion chamber in accordance with the present invention significantly decreases the time required for ignition and warm up periods and provides improved combustion air flow patterns in the combustion chamber.
  • the present invention provides an improved combustion chamber for a fluid heater comprising: an elongate combustion chamber housing having selectively spaced apertures therein for admission of combustion air to the housing, the housing having an inlet end including fuel feeding means and an outlet end for the emission of combustion products from the housing; and, means adjacent said housing to control air flow through selected air inlets in response to temperatures in said housing.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view, partly in section, of a combustion chamber in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken in a plane passing through line 22 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an air control device in accordance with the present invention in the cold position, and,
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of an 'air control device in accordance with the present invention in the hot position.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an example of a combustion chamber in accordance with the present invention including a housing 1 which has an outlet end 3, an inlet end 2, and a series of spaced air inlets 5, 6, and 7.
  • a dished head 4 fits into the inlet end 2 of combustion chamber housing 1 in nesting relation.
  • Head '4 includes combustion air inlet 7 and carries a casting 11, hereinafter described.
  • Combustion chambers of the type shown in the figures are usually used to provide heat for selected types of equipment and can now be attached by means of flange 28 to an adjacent heat exchange device so combustion gases emitted through cutlet 3 pass directly into such heat exchange device to perform useful Work.
  • Combustion air is furnished to combustion chamber *1 by means of an air moving device (not shown) and passes through air inlets '5, :6 in combustion chamber housing 1 and also through air inlets 7 of dished head 4.
  • Dished head 4 is demountable from housing 1 and is adapted to nest snugly in end 2 of combustion chamber 1.
  • Dished head 4 also carries a casting 11 which has a middle opening '13 to receive a fuel nozzle (not shown) to atomize fuel and spray the atomized fuel into housing '1.
  • casting 11 includes a central opening 9 and a central chamber 15 which are in cooperative, communicative, alignment with opening 14 of dished cover 4 to permit fuel to be sprayed into housing v1.
  • Casting 11 also includes a cooperative threaded upper opening '12 to receive a flame igniter (not shown) for example, a spark plug, and hold the igniter in desired position relative the fuel spray.
  • An electrode 10 can be carried by casting :11 in cooperative relation with such flame igniter to provide electrical ground means if needed.
  • Cover 4 advantageously can have an aperture :17 and generally U-shaped tubes 16 have one end in each aperture 17, secured thereto as by welding. The other end of tubes 16 pass through cooperative apertures 17A in cover 4 and communicate with recess '15 of casting '11 (FIG. 2). Tubes 16 extend into combustion chamber 1 so combustion air supplied by the air supply means enters the tubes through openings 17, is heated as it passes through the tubes, and is advantageously discharged through apertures :17A into chamber 15 to heat the fuel nozzle tip and provide additional combustion air to the fuel sprayed through opening 9 of casting 11.
  • Cover 4 further includes peripheral flange 26 adapted to engage peripheral flange 24 around inlet 2 of housing 1 in sealing relation. Cover 4 is fastened to combustion chamber 1 by latches 27 fixed to housing 1 which interlock in cooperative slots (not shown) in flange 26 of cover 4.
  • bafiies In combustion chambers of the type shown in the figure it is recognized as being desirable to control flow patterns of combustion gases within its chamber and various means, such as bafiies, have been used to accomplish such flow control.
  • an annular bave plate 18 is mounted intermediate inlet end 2 and outlet end 3 to extend diametrically across chamber 1 to control the flow pattern of unburned fuel and combustion products.
  • Baflle 18 has its flanged outer edge 19 spaced from the chamber wall as indicated at 22 and is supported from housing 1 by a series of angular rods 21 riveted at one end to baffle 18 and the other end to combustion chamber housing 1.
  • Bafiie 18 is generally aligned with the longitudinal axis of housing 1 and opening 23 in the baflie is advantageously sized so a part of the fuel spray passes through openings 22 and 23 and part impinges against baffle plate 18. Additional bafiles can be provided as desired, particularly downstream of bafile 18 if further flow direction is desired.
  • housing 1 between plate 13 and cover 1 provides a turbulent pre-heating, or primary combustion zone, in which the air entering holes 7 in dished head 4 and holes 5 in the zone between bafiie 18 and inlet 2 is thoroughly mixed With the fuel, and fuel is vaporized by the heat generated by combustion and contact with baffle 18 housing 1.
  • Combustion air inlets e are provided in housing 1 downstream of baffle 18 to furnish additional combustion air and assure complete combustion of the fuel in the chamber.
  • the present invention provides means to distribute the flow of air in the combustion chamber and restrict the flow of cold combustion air into the combustion chamber housing during ignition and warm up periods when the combustion chamber is cold. Furthermore, the present invention provides means to change the air distribution to the chamber to increase the flow of combustion air to the combustion chamber as the cornbustion chamber becomes warmer.
  • temperature responsive bimetal strips 8 which can be, for example, of Chase #2300 Bimetal manufactured by the Wm. Chase Company are provided to extend over selected air inlets to control the admission of combustion air to combustion chamber 1.
  • bimetal strips 8 are provided for air inlets '7 in cover 4 and selected air inlets in housnig 1, particularly inlets 6 in the section of combustion chamber 1 between inlet 2 and baffle 18. It will be realized that, within the scope of the present invention, such bimetal strips can be provided for any of the air inlets 5, 6, or 7.
  • each bimetal strip includes a section 88 fastened to combustion chamber housing 1 as by spot welding, riveting, orrother suitable means.
  • each bimetal strip includes 2 dissimilar metal strips 26 and 27 bonded together along their common face. Portion 8A of each strip is free to warp in response to changes in the temperature of bimetal strips 8.
  • the desired operating characteristics of the bimetal strip-s dictate the type of metal used and once the desired operating conditions are established, the composition of the bimetal strips can be determined.
  • bimetal strips 8 advantageously, cover selected combustion air inlets to restrict admission of cold air to the aforementioned primary section of housing 1 when combustion housing 1 and bat-fie 18 are cold.
  • bimetal strips 8 are heated by conductive heat transfer from housnig 1, or radiant or conventive heat transfer from the combustion process and the increasing temperature causes strips 8 to warp away from combustion air inlets. Air inlets 5 and 7 are thereby uncovered to permit combustion air to enter the combustion chamber in accordance with the temperature of the chamber.
  • baffle 8 is illustrated in the cold position where the portion 8A of bafiie 8 covers air inlet 5 in combustion chamber housing 1 during the period when the burner is not'in operation or during the initial start up of the burner before the combustion chamber wall 1 has been heated.
  • bimetal strip 8 is shown in the hot position. In this position combustion has been initiated and the temperature of the combustion chamber has been increased so heat has been transferred to bimetal strip 8 and portion 8A of the strip has warped away from air inlet 5 to allow combustion air to enter as shown by the arrow. It will be understood that the aforementioned hot and cold positions are relative and are determined by the composition and configuration of bimetal strips 8.
  • bimetal strips 8 can be disposed on combustion chamber housing 1 to advantageously direct the incoming combustion air in a desired fashion to correspondingly alfect air flow patterns in the combustion chamber.
  • Such bimetal strips can, advantageously, be disposed on the inner or outer surface of the combustion chamber.
  • strips 8 are fastened to the outside of housing 1. It has been recognized, in accordance with the present invention, that strips 8 can be fastened to the inner surface of housing 1 and can be used to direct the flow of incoming combustion in a selected pattern.
  • an improved combustion chamber comprising: an elongate combustion chamber housing having selectively spaced apertures therein for admission of combustion air to said housing, said housing including an inlet end having fuelfeeding means and an outlet end for emission of combustion products from said housing; and, combustion air control means to control air flow through selected apertures including temperatureresponsive bimetal strips adjacent selected apertures near said inlet end of said housing, which strips move in a first direction in response to low temperatures and in a second direction in response to high temperatures and are disposed so a first portion of said strip extends over said air inlet apertures to cover said apertures at low temperature in said housing and moves away from said apertures in response to increasing temperatures in said housing.
  • bimetal strips includes a second portion fastened to the outer side. of said housing adjacent said selected air inlets so said first portion is disposed over said air inlets.
  • the combustion chamber of claim 1 including: bathe means disposed intermediate said inlet end and said outlet end in substantially perpendicular relation to the longitudinal axis of said housing, to intercept and deflect a portion of the fuel emitted from said fuel heating means to maintain said portion of fuel in the segment of said housing between said inlet end and said bathe means, where said temperature responsive bimetal strips bend in one direction in response to low temperature and in a second direction in response to high temperatures said strips having a first end fastened to said combustion chamber housing adjacent selected air inlets in the portion of said housing between said bafile means and said inlet end, said strips being disposed so a second portion of said strips extend from said fastened end over said adjacent air inlets to'cover said inlets in response to selected low temperatures in said housing and move progressively away from said air inlets in response to increasing temperatures in said housing.
  • an improved combustion chamber comprising: an elongated combustion chamber housing having selectively spaced apertures therein for admission of combustion air to said housing, said housing including an inlet end having a combustion air inlet means and fuel feeding means and an outlet end for the emission of combustion products from said housing; annular baflie means disposed intermediate said inlet end and said outlet end in substantially aligned, perpendicular, relation to the longitudinal axis of said housing, said annular bafile plate being positioned to provide a peripheral space intermediate its outer edge and said combustion chamber housing for passage of flame and fuel therethrough, said bafile plate serving to intercept and deflect a portion of the fuel emitted from said fuel inlet means to maintain said portion of fuel in the segment of said housing between said inlet and said annular baflle plate, said annular plate having a central aperture to permit a portion of said fuel to pass therethrough; and temperature responsive bimetal strips which bend in one direction in response to low temperature and a second direction in response to high temperature, said strips having a first end fastened

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
US548997A 1966-05-10 1966-05-10 Combustion chamber air flow control Expired - Lifetime US3364969A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US548997A US3364969A (en) 1966-05-10 1966-05-10 Combustion chamber air flow control
BR188665/67A BR6788665D0 (pt) 1966-05-10 1967-04-18 Um aparelho limpador de para-brisas

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US548997A US3364969A (en) 1966-05-10 1966-05-10 Combustion chamber air flow control

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US3364969A true US3364969A (en) 1968-01-23

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3990837A (en) * 1974-12-07 1976-11-09 Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited Combustion equipment for gas turbine engines
US4395225A (en) * 1980-03-15 1983-07-26 Webasto-Werk W. Baier Gmbh And Co. Burner operated with liquid fuel for heating devices
US4875851A (en) * 1988-08-29 1989-10-24 Engineered Air Systems, Inc. Steady state fuel burner assembly for a heat exchanger and method of operating same
US20110011054A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2011-01-20 Ghenadie Bulat Combustor casing
FR3026469A1 (fr) * 2014-09-26 2016-04-01 Snecma Paroi annulaire de chambre de combustion a alimentation d'air regule localement

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2259845A (en) * 1938-08-20 1941-10-21 Valjean Ben Automatic draft regulator
US2339614A (en) * 1940-03-09 1944-01-18 Oil Devices Draft appliance
US2982346A (en) * 1958-11-06 1961-05-02 American Air Filter Co High efficiency portable heater

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2259845A (en) * 1938-08-20 1941-10-21 Valjean Ben Automatic draft regulator
US2339614A (en) * 1940-03-09 1944-01-18 Oil Devices Draft appliance
US2982346A (en) * 1958-11-06 1961-05-02 American Air Filter Co High efficiency portable heater

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3990837A (en) * 1974-12-07 1976-11-09 Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited Combustion equipment for gas turbine engines
US4395225A (en) * 1980-03-15 1983-07-26 Webasto-Werk W. Baier Gmbh And Co. Burner operated with liquid fuel for heating devices
US4875851A (en) * 1988-08-29 1989-10-24 Engineered Air Systems, Inc. Steady state fuel burner assembly for a heat exchanger and method of operating same
US20110011054A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2011-01-20 Ghenadie Bulat Combustor casing
FR3026469A1 (fr) * 2014-09-26 2016-04-01 Snecma Paroi annulaire de chambre de combustion a alimentation d'air regule localement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR6788665D0 (pt) 1973-02-15

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AS Assignment

Owner name: WOODS KATHLEEN D., AS TRUSTEE

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALLIS-CHALMERS CORPORATION A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004149/0001

Effective date: 19830329

Owner name: CONNECTICUT NATIONAL BANK THE, A NATIONAL BANKING

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALLIS-CHALMERS CORPORATION A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004149/0001

Effective date: 19830329