US3364717A - Extrusion apparatus - Google Patents

Extrusion apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3364717A
US3364717A US475088A US47508865A US3364717A US 3364717 A US3364717 A US 3364717A US 475088 A US475088 A US 475088A US 47508865 A US47508865 A US 47508865A US 3364717 A US3364717 A US 3364717A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
extrusion
extrusion chamber
container
segments
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US475088A
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English (en)
Inventor
Green Derek
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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UK Atomic Energy Authority
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Atomic Energy Authority filed Critical UK Atomic Energy Authority
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3364717A publication Critical patent/US3364717A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C27/00—Containers for metal to be extruded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/007—Hydrostatic extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies
    • B21C25/025—Selection of materials therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels

Definitions

  • a hydrostatic extrusion assembly chargeable as a unit into a pressure container comprising a cylinder having one end open and connecting at its other end with a coextensive extrusion container of smaller internal diameter, the extrusion container being formed from a number of part-annular segments, the extrusion container and the cylinder being contained within a common tubular sheath, the extrusion container being fitted with a die at its end remote from the cylinder, a plunger being entered into the bore of the extrusion container at its other end and the plunger having the head fitting and slidably sealed in the cylinder.
  • This invention relates to extrusion apparatus and in particular to apparatus for carrying out a hydrostatic extrusion process.
  • a billet held within a container is subjected to a direct mechanical loading to extrude the billet from the container through a die.
  • the billet is a close fit in the container and extrusion pressure is applied on the end face of the billet by a ram operating in the bore of the container.
  • Hydrostatic extrusion has several advantages over conventional extrusion and differs from conventional extrusion in that a liquid is used to apply extrusion pressure on the billet.
  • the liquid envelops the billet in the container and is pressurized to act directly on the billet. Because the liquid envelops the billet there is no frictional contact between the container and the billet. Die friction is also reduced because the pressurized fluid adjacent the throat of the die provides hydrodynamic lubrication between the extruding material and the die.
  • the pressure which can be applied in the hydraulic liquid in the container to act on the billet is limited by the resistance of the container to internal pressure.
  • Containers of simple monobloc construction are limited to the containment of pressures of about 50 tons per square inch.
  • Containers of special design can be made to contain pressures of up to 100 tons per square inch but this is about the maximum pressure which can be used Without deforming such containers plastically thus leading to ultimate failure of the containers.
  • a pressure of 100 tons per square inch is suificient for hydrostatic extrusion of the majority of materials but certain materials such as tool steels require much higher pressures for example 200 tons per square inch and above.
  • a hydrostatic extrusion assembly chargeable as a unit into a pressure container comprises a cylinder having one end open and connecting at its other end with a coextensive extrusion chamber of smaller internal diameter than the internal diameter of the cylinder, the extrusion chamber being fitted with a plunger, said plunger having a head, of larger cross sectional area than the cross sectional area of the plunger, fitting in the cylinder, an extrusion die being mounted at the end of the extrusion chamber remote from the cylinder, the extrusion chamber comprising a ring formed from a plurality of part annular segments having abutting radial faces, the segments of the extrusion chamber being bound externally by a thin tubular Patented Jan.
  • the extrusion assembly having a billet loaded in the extrusion chamber is charged into a pressure container.
  • the space in the extrusion chamber surrounding the billet and the space in the pressure container surrounding the extrusion assembly are filled with hydraulic liquid.
  • the liquid in the pressure container is pressurized and acts on the head of the plunger in the cylinder of the extrusion assembly so that the plunger is loaded to pressurize the hydraulic liquid in the extrusion chamber surrounding the billet causing extrusion of the billet through the die.
  • the head of the plunger is of larger area than the cross sectional area of the plunger a higher pressure is generated in the liquid in the extrusion chamber than is applied in the liquid in the pressure container.
  • the area of the plunger head is four times the cross sectional area of the plunger and a pressure of 50 tons per square inch is applied in the hydraulic liquid in the pressure container a pressure of 200 tons per square inch will be generated in the extrusion chamber.
  • a pressure of 200 tons per square inch will be generated in the extrusion chamber.
  • a conventional extrusion chamber of solid construction it is the tensile hoop stresses arising in the chamber which give rise to yield of the material of the container.
  • No tensile hoop stresses can arise in the segments of the container as employed in the assembly of the invention and the pressure of the hydraulic liquid in the pressure container acting on the thin tubular sheath, which embraces the segments of the extrusion chamber, pressurizes the tubular sheath inwards to apply an inwards radial loading on the segments to hold the segments together against the higher pressure of the hydraulic liquid acting in the bore of the extrusion chamber on the billet.
  • the segments of the extrusion chamber are not subjected to tensile stressing the segments can be made of materials which although weak in tension are of high compressive strength.
  • the segments can be made of ceramics such as alumina or tungsten carbide.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal cross sectional elevation of an extrusion assembly in accordance with the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a cross section along the line II1I in FlGURE 1.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 there is shown hydrostatic extrusion apparatus comprising a main pressure container 20 fitted with a ram 21 which is slidably sealed in the container 24 ⁇ by a copper ring 22 and a rubber O-ring 23.
  • the main pressure container 20 contains an extrusion assembly 24 comprising a die base 25, an extrusion chamber 26 and a cylinder 27.
  • the die base 25, the extrusion chamber 26, and the cylinder 27 are cojoined by a tubular sheath 28 made for example of hard drawn copper.
  • the die base 25 is fitted with an extrusion die 29.
  • An extrusion plunger 30 extends from the cylinder 27 into the extrusion chamber 26, the extrusion plunger 30 having a head 31 fitting in the bore of the cylinder 27 and sealed therein by a copper ring 32 and a rubber O- ring 33.
  • the extrusion chamber 26 comprises six part annular segments 34 having abutting radial faces 35 the segments 34 being assembled within the tubular sheath 28 of the extrusion assembly 24.
  • the segments are for example made of the steel referenced under British Standards as EN25 which is heat treated for strength by heating to 850 C. and quenching in oil followed by tempering by heating to 200 C. and cooling in still air.
  • the segments 34 can alternatively be made from ceramic materials such as alumina or tungsten carbide, as no hoop tensile stresses can exist in the segments 34.
  • the space in the main container 20 surrounding the extrusion assembly 24 and the space in the bore of the extrusion chamber 26 surrounding a billet 36 to be extruded is filled with hydraulic liquid 37.
  • Loading is applied to the ram 21, by a suitable press, to pressurize the hydraulic liquid 37 in the main container 20.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic liquid 37 in the main container 20 acts on the head 31 of the extrusion plunger 30' so that the plunger 30 is loaded to pressurize the hydraulic liquid 37 in the bore of the extrusion chamber 26 surrounding the billet 36.
  • the billet 36 is caused to be extruded through the die 29.
  • the hydraulic liquid 37 in the main container 20 is raised to a pressure of 50 tons per square inch and the cross sectional area of the plunger head 31 is made four times the cross sectional area of the body of the plunger 30 the hydraulic liquid 37 in the extrusion chamber 26 will be raised to a pressure of 200* tons per square inch.
  • the pressure of 50 tons per square inch generated in the hydraulic liquid 37 in the main container 20 also acts on the outside surface of the sheath 28 of the extrusion assembly 24.
  • the sheath 28 in the region of the extrusion chamber 26 is pressurized radially inwards to hold the segments 34 of the chamber 26 together against the outwards pressure of the hydraulic liquid 37 in the extrusion chamber 25.
  • the bore of the extrusion chamber 26 is fitted with a thin liner tube 38 to prevent ingress of the hydraulic liquid 37 between the abutting faces of the segments 34.
  • the die base 25 being joined to the extrusion chamber 26 by the tubular sheath 28 prevents ingress of the hydraulic liquid 37 between the abutting faces of the segments 34 at the end face of the extrusion chamber 26.
  • a hydrostatic extrusion assembly chargeable as a unit into a presure container comprising a cylinder having one end open and connecting at its other end with a coextensive extrusion chamber of smaller internal diameter than the internal diameter of the cylinder, the extrusion chamber being fitted with a plunger, said plunger having a head, of larger cross sectional area than the cross sectional area of the plunger, fitting in the cylinder, an extrusion die being mounted at the end of the extrusion chamber remote from the cylinder, the extrusion chamber comprising a ring formed from a plurality of part annular segments having abutting radial faces, the segments of the extrusion chamber being bound externally by a thin tubular sheath which also embraces the cylinder and cojoins it with the extrusion chamber, a thin liner tube being provided in the bore of the extrusion chamber to prevent ingress of hydraulic liquid between the segments at their abutting radial faces, and means being provided sealing the end face of the extrusion chamber remote from the
  • a hydrostatic extrusion assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein the extrusion die is mounted in a die base abutting the end face of the extrusion chamber remote from the cylinder, the die base being also embraced by the thin tubular sheath which contains the segments of the extrusion chamber, the die base sealing the end face of the extrusion chamber so as to prevent ingress of hydraulic liquid between the abutting radial faces of the segments of the extrusion chamber at the end face of the extrusion chamber.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
US475088A 1964-08-10 1965-07-27 Extrusion apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3364717A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB32544/64A GB1109871A (en) 1964-08-10 1964-08-10 Improvements in or relating to extrusion apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3364717A true US3364717A (en) 1968-01-23

Family

ID=10340231

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US475088A Expired - Lifetime US3364717A (en) 1964-08-10 1965-07-27 Extrusion apparatus
US475092A Expired - Lifetime US3364718A (en) 1964-08-10 1965-07-27 Extrusion apparatus

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US475092A Expired - Lifetime US3364718A (en) 1964-08-10 1965-07-27 Extrusion apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US3364717A (de)
CH (2) CH435699A (de)
DE (1) DE1452491A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1109871A (de)
SE (1) SE319147B (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3451240A (en) * 1965-10-25 1969-06-24 Commissariat Energie Atomique Methods of shaping metals under high hydrostatic pressure
US3491565A (en) * 1966-08-17 1970-01-27 Barogenics Inc Equipment adapted for hydrostatic extrusion and other uses
US3675451A (en) * 1970-03-23 1972-07-11 Whittaker Corp Extrusion system
US3852986A (en) * 1973-03-08 1974-12-10 Western Electric Co High pressure billet extruder
US4081984A (en) * 1976-04-22 1978-04-04 Asea Aktiebolag Protective coating for removable liner of press for hydrostatic extrusion

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE345399B (de) * 1967-06-30 1972-05-29 Asea Ab
SE390903B (sv) * 1974-01-29 1977-01-31 Asea Ab Matris for hydrostatisk strengpressning
EP0161802B1 (de) * 1984-04-13 1990-06-27 National Research Development Corporation Verfahren zum Verformen im festen Zustand
GB8431667D0 (en) * 1984-12-14 1985-01-30 Alcan Int Ltd Extrusion dies
AT386772B (de) * 1986-03-18 1988-10-10 Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag Strangpressmatrize
US5337593A (en) * 1992-04-17 1994-08-16 Yugen Kaisha Yano Engineering Extrusion die and an extrusion method using same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1836821A (en) * 1928-07-02 1931-12-15 Singer Fritz Heat and pressure resisting tools
US2283791A (en) * 1940-07-20 1942-05-19 Bridgeport Brass Co Extrusion machine cylinder or container
US3126096A (en) * 1964-03-24 Hydrostatic extrusion system

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA476793A (en) * 1951-09-11 W. Bridgman Percy Art of extrusion
US2882759A (en) * 1957-05-21 1959-04-21 Hubert J Altwicker Die inserts

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3126096A (en) * 1964-03-24 Hydrostatic extrusion system
US1836821A (en) * 1928-07-02 1931-12-15 Singer Fritz Heat and pressure resisting tools
US2283791A (en) * 1940-07-20 1942-05-19 Bridgeport Brass Co Extrusion machine cylinder or container

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3451240A (en) * 1965-10-25 1969-06-24 Commissariat Energie Atomique Methods of shaping metals under high hydrostatic pressure
US3491565A (en) * 1966-08-17 1970-01-27 Barogenics Inc Equipment adapted for hydrostatic extrusion and other uses
US3675451A (en) * 1970-03-23 1972-07-11 Whittaker Corp Extrusion system
US3852986A (en) * 1973-03-08 1974-12-10 Western Electric Co High pressure billet extruder
US4081984A (en) * 1976-04-22 1978-04-04 Asea Aktiebolag Protective coating for removable liner of press for hydrostatic extrusion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1109871A (en) 1968-04-18
CH435699A (de) 1967-05-15
US3364718A (en) 1968-01-23
SE319147B (de) 1970-01-12
CH435697A (de) 1967-05-15
DE1452491A1 (de) 1969-03-27

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