US3361164A

US3361164A - Method and apparatus for weaving fabrics with severed weft yarns and fabric made by the method and apparatus

Info

Publication number: US3361164A
Application number: US464490A
Authority: US
Inventors: Kathriner Josef
Original assignee: Sulzer AG
Current assignee: Sulzer AG
Priority date: 1964-06-19
Filing date: 1965-06-16
Publication date: 1968-01-02
Anticipated expiration: 1985-01-02
Also published as: AT251504B; CH416488A; NL6504025A; DE1272844B; GB1105937A

Description

Jan. 2, 1968 J. KATHRINER 3,361,

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING FABRICS WITH SEvEP-ED WEFT YARNS AND FABRIC MADE BY THE METHOD AND APPARATUS Filed June 16, 1965 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 i'K E ZZ 1 21 W lg 44 43 42 Fly. 4 41 35 45 w *i f 32 six 23 Inventor: j 4mm Quad; M A741 444? Jan. 2, 1968 J. KATHRINER 3,361,164

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING FABRICS WITH SEVERED WEFT YARNS AND FABRIC MADE BY THE METHOD AND APPARATUS Filed June 16, 1965 3 Shaets-$heet 2 Invenior: (WW

Jan. 2, 1968 J. KATHRINER 3,361,164

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING FABRICS WITH SEVERED WEFI' YARNS AND FABRIC MADE BY THE METHOD AND APPARATUS Filed June 16, 1965 3 Sheets-Sheet 45 Inventor: IMAM United States Patent 3,361,164 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING FAB- RICS WITH SEVERED WEFT YARNS AND FABRIC MADE BY THE METHOD AND AP- PARATUS Josef Kathriner, Winterthur, Switzerland, assignor to Sulzer Brothers Limited, Winterthur, Switzerland, 2 Swiss company Filed June 16, 1965, Ser. No. 464,490 Claims priority, application Switzerland, June 19, 1964, 7,946/64 6 Claims. (Cl. 139-122) This invention relates to the production of fabrics in which the weft yarn is severed after insertion of each pick and the ends of the yarns are tucked into the fabric to form the selvages. More particularly, the invention resides in a method of making such fabrics, in which the tucked-in ends of each weft yarn are held securely in place during the insertion of the neck pick by warp yarns specially manipulated for the purpose. The invention also includes a loom by which the new method can be advantageously practiced, and a fabric produced by the method.

In the production of fabrics of the type above referred to by the practice of the usual method on known looms, the ends of each weft yarn hanging down from the severed inserted yarn are tucked by selvage needles into the warp shed formed in the next cycle of loom operation at a time when all the warp yarns are in the open shed position. The tucking in of the ends of the weft yarns can be readily carried out with yarns of natural fibers but, when the weft yarn or the warp yarns or both are smooth or stiff or resilient, the tucked-in ends of the weft yarn have a tendency to spring out of the shed so that these ends cannot be properly beaten up and unsatisfactory selvages are produced. Typical yarns having the tendency referred to are those made of continuous synthetic fibers of nylon, rayon, etc. Synthetic fibers have smooth surfaces and yarns of continuous synthetic fibers thus do not have the surface irregularities of natural fibers or the short fibers present in spun yarns, which help to hold the tucked-in ends of such yarns in place in open warp sheds.

The present invention is, accordingly, directed to a provision of a novel method of weaving a fabric of interlaced yarns and severed weft yarns having their ends tucked in, which overcomes the difficulties encountered in the practice of prior methods of weaving similar fabrics. The invention also includes a loom having appropriate novel features for the practice of the method and a fabric made by the method.

In the practice of the new method by the loom, warp yarns, which may be referred to as presser warp yarns and at least one of which lies adjacent to each selvage of the goods, are raised and lowered independently of the other warp yarns in the fabric. During each cycle in the weaving operation, a warp shed is formed with all the presser warp yarns in open position. Upon the comletion of this shed, each of the presser warp yarns is moved to a central shed position and a pick of weft yarn is inserted into the shed. During the picking operation, the ends of the severed weft yarn inserted in the preceding cycle are tucked into the shed by selvage needles between the central shed position of the presser warp yarns and their previous open shed position. As the tuckingin operation proceeds, the presser warp yarns are moved toward their previous open shed positions and, When the tucking-in operation is complete, the presser warp yarns act to press the tucked-in ends of the weft yarns against other warp yarns and hold these ends securely in place until the shed changes. The loom for practicing the method is of the conventional type cm- Patented Jan. 2, 1968 ployed for weaving fabrics with severed weft yarns but includes additional means for the handling of the presser warp yarns as described. The new fabric dilfers from similar prior fabrics in the presence of the presser warp yarns which act to bind the tucked-in ends of the Weft yarns in proper position.

For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be made to the accompanying drawings, in which FIGS. 1-5, incl., are diagrammatic perspective views illustrating different stages in the practice of the method;

FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrammatic perspective views showing modifications in the method;

FIG. 8 is a view in front elevation of a loom for the practice of the method of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through a part of the loom of FIG. 8; and

FIG. 10 is an elevational view of an alternative feature of the loom.

In FIGS. 1-5, incl., there is illustrated the weaving of a fabric 4 having a selvage zone 23 containing five main or

standard warp yarns

31, 32, 34, 35 and 36, and a separately shedded warp 33 hereinafter called a presser yarn. In FIG. 1, a shed has been formed in which the

yarns

31, 34, and 36 are in the top shed position and the

yarns

32, 33, and 35 in the bottom shed position. In the previous weaving cycles,

weft yarns

41, 42, 43, and 44 have been inserted in warp sheds and their

respective ends

37, 38, and 39 have been tucked into the shed formed in the weaving cycle following the one in which those yarns were respectively inserted. The yarn 44 has been inserted in the last completed cycle and has been beaten up but its end 45 projecting out of the fabric has not been tucked Upon the changing of the shed following the picking of the weft yarn 44, the warp yarn 33, which is initially in the bottom shed position, is moved to central shed position (FIG. 2) as the weft yarn 46 is picked into the shed. In such central shed position, the presser warp yarn lies below the fiight path of the shuttle 12 picking the yarn 46 (FIG. 9). Just before the picking of yarn 46 is completed, a selvage needle 47, which has penetrated the shed from below, moves parallel with the weft yarn 46 with the hook 48 of the needle pointing toward the projecting end 45 of the weft yarn 44 inserted in the preceding cycle. The selvage needle in cooperation with an edge yarn clamp (not shown) engages the end 45 of the yarn 44 and moves back to draw the end into the shed. The path of the needle lies below the central shed position of the presser warp yarn 33 (FIG. 9) and, before the hook 48 reaches the yarn, the yarn is caused to return to its previous bottom shed position shown in FIG. 1.

The needle 47 continues to draw the yarn end 45 into the shed and, during this movement of the needle. the yarn 33 presses against the top of the needle. As soon as the needle passes from beneath the presser yarn 33, that yarn presses the end 45 against the

warp yarn

32, 35 in the bottom shed position and this clamping action prevents the yarn from springing out of the shed. The needle 47 is so constructed that its book 48 will not engage any of the warp yarns while the end 45 is being drawn in.

When the tucking-in of the end 45 of weft yarn 44 and the picking of weft yarn 46 are completed, the yarn 46 and the tucked-in end 45 are beaten up by the reed 8 (FIG. 3) to the fell 24 of the fabric (FIG. 9). The shed then changes with the

yarns

31, 34, 36 moving to bottom shed position, and the presser warp yarn 33 remaining in bottom shed position. The shed so formed is illustrated in FIG. 4, in which the end 51 of the weft yarn 46 projects out of the selvage 23 as did the end 45 of yarn 44 at the start of the preceding weaving cycle. Another cycle of operations, including picking, tucking, and beating up, is then carried out and the cycles are repeated indefinitely.

The fabric shown in FIGS. 1-4, incl., is of the plain or linen weave but the warp yarns may be handled to produce any desired weave. However, in all such weaves, the pressure warp yarn always moves from an open shed position to a central shed position after each pick and before the selvage needle penetrates the shed. Also, as the end of the weft yarn inserted in the previous weaving cycle is being tucked in by the selvage needle, the presser warp returns to open shed position so that it will clamp the tucked-in end against other warp yarns.

In the form of the method illustrated in FIG. 5, the presser warp yarn 33 moves from a bottom shed position to a central shed position and then returns to the bottom shed position during each loom cycle. Each pick. of weft yarn is inserted into the shed outside the space between the presser warp yarn in its central shed position and the previous open shed position of the yarn, while each weft yarn end is tucked into the shed in the space between the presser warp yarn in its central shed position and the previous open shed position of the yarn. As a consequence, the presser warp yarn clamps the tucked-in ends of weft yarns against those warp yarns in the bottom shed position in the cycle, in which the tucking-in of the end occurs.

In the form of the method shown in FIG. 6, the presser warp yarn 53 moves in each loom cycle from top shed position to central shed position and is then returned to top shed position. In its central shed position, the presser yarn lies beneath the path of travel of the sclvagc needle so that the free end of the weft yarn picked in the preceding loom cycle is tucked into the shed in the space between the presser warp yarn in its central shed position and the previous open shed position of the yarn. The pick is inserted into the shed outside the space between the presser warp yarn in its central shed position and its previous open shed position. The presser warp yarn thus clamps the tucked-in end of each weft yarn against the Warp yarns in the upper shed position in the cycle, in which the tuckingin occurs.

In the form of the method shown in P16. 7, two

presser warp yarns

33, 53 are employed in each selvage zone. Of these, the yarn 33 moves in each cycle from bottom shed position to a central shed position which is beyond closed shed position and then returns, while the yarn 53 moves from top shed position to a central shed position which is beyond closed shed position and then returns. As a result. the two presser yarns engage the tucked-in end of each weft yarn from opposite sides and hold it securely.

In the practice of the method, more than one presser warp yarn may be employed in each sclvage zone with both yarns being handled as one. Thus, in each loom cycle. both yarns move from the same open shed position to central shed position and then return.

In the practice of the method with a single presser warp yarn in each selvagc Zone. the yarn may alternate, for example, between bottom shed position and central shed position, as shown in FIGS. 1-5, incl., for a number of picks, such as or 20. The shedding of the presser warp yarn may then be altered so that it alternates between top shed position and central shed position for a selected number of picks. The operation is then again changed and the original shedding sequence followed, in which the presser warp yarn alternates between bottom shed position and central shed position.

The loom (FIG. 8) for the practice of the method includes side frames 1, 2 between which a warp beam 21, a cloth beam 3 for taking up the fabric 4, and the usual warp and cloth guiding and tensioning means are disposed. A main drive shaft 5 is supported in bearings in the frames and is driven through a clutch 6 by a motor 7 and the loom includes the usual reed 8 and harnesses 9 for shedding. The weft yarn It) is drawn off a supply bobbin 11 and picked by a gripper shuttle 12, which is shot by a picking mechanism 13 through the shed through a shuttle guide 14 and into a shuttle box 15. Selvage devices 16 are disposed at the side edges of the warp near the picking mechanism and the shuttle box and include means for centering the picked weft yarn and edge yarn clamps for clamping the weft yarn. The clamp remote from the shuttle box is provided with means for severing the picked weft yarns and both clamps are operable to draw the projecting ends of the picked weft yarns over selvage needles 47 disposed near the clamps. The loom includes the usual detector 17 which releases the clutch 6 to stop the loom if the shuttle is delayed in entering the shuttle box or fails to complete its flight.

The harnesses 9 for shedding the warp yarns include hcddles 78 for all the warp yarns except the presser warp yarns, which are handled during shedding by individual heddles 75. The heddles are actuated by means independent of the means for operating the harnesses and constructed as follows.

A pivot pin 61 is mounted on a bracket attached to one of the loom girts and a lever with

arms

62, 63 is mounted for movement on the pin. A spring 64 encircling a bolt 65 threaded into the girt is seated at one end against the head of the bolt and its other end bears against the arm 62 of the lever. The arm 63 of the lever carries a roller 66 hearing against a cam 67 on the cam shaft 5 of the loom, and the free end of the arm is connected to one end of a link 68 having its other end connected adjustahly by a bolt 69 to a forked lever 72 on a shaft 71 extending transversely of the loom. The shaft 71 ordinarily carries an arm 73 for each of the heddles 75 and each arm is connected to its heddle by a pin 74, which is mounted on the outer end of the arm and is received in a hook 76 at the lower end of the heddle. At its upper end, each heddle is attached to the lower end of a spring 77 having its upper end attached to a fixed part of; the loom structure.

With the parts shown as FIG. 9, the presser warp yarn 33 is in central shed position and lies in a horizontal plane disposed below the flight path of the shuttle 12 and above the path of movement of the needle 47. Once per revolution of the main loom shaft, that is, once per weaving cycle, the lobe of the cam 67 bears against roller 66 and moves the

lever

62, 63 to draw the heddle 75 down to move the presser warp yarn 33 to the bottom shed position. When the lobe passes beyond the roller, the spring 64 rocks the

lever

62, 63 counterclockwise to return it to its original position and the spring 77 raises the heddle 75 to return the presser warp yarn 33 to the central shed position.

When the loom is employed in the production of two webs, the shaft 71 is provided with arms 73 near its ends and a pair of arms 73 lying close together and adjacent its midpoint. The outer arms 73 are employed for operatin the heddles for the presser Warp yarns in the remote selvages of the webs and the inner arms operate the heddles for the presser warp yarns in the adjacent selva axes of the webs. If each selvage is to contain more than a single presser warp yarn, the pins 74 may be circumferentialiy grooved so that a number of heddles may be attached to each pin to be operated thereby.

I claim:

1. A method of weaving a fabric including warp yarns, Weft yarns, and at least one presser warp yarn adjacent to a selvage of the fabric, said presser warp yarn being in terlaced with severed weft yarns having their ends tucked into the fabric to cross a plurality of warp yarns and said pressed warp yarn so as to form a selvage, which method comprises during each of a succession of cycles forming a warp shed, moving the presser yarn from one open shed position to a central shed position, inserting a weft yarn 3 into the shed outside the space between said central shed position and said one open shed position, severing the weft yarn, tucking into the shed between the presser yarn and said one open shed position the end of the weft yarn inserted and severed in the preceding cycle, returning the presser yarn to its said one open shed position to clamp said tucked-in end against other warp yarns in said one open shed position, and beating up the inserted weft yarn and said tucked-in end, the warp yarns occupying successively upper and lower open shed positions on successive ones of said cycles and said presser warp yarn being moved between a central shed position and the same said one open shed position on a plurality of successive cycles.

2. A method according to claim 1, in which the presscr warp yarn is returned to its previous open position near the end of the insertion of the weft yarn.

3. A method according to claim 1, in which the presser warp yarn in its central position lies between the path of insertion of the weft yarn and the path along which the end of the preceding weft yarn is tucked in.

4. A method according to claim 1, in which the fabric includes two presser warp yarns adjacent to a selvage of the fabric, the shed is formed with one presser warp yarn in the top shed position and the other in the bottom shed position, each presser warp yarn is moved to a position beyond closed shed position, the end of the Weft yarn inserted in the previous cycle is tucked into the shed between the presser warp yarns, and the presser warp yarns are returned to their respective top and bottom shed positions.

5. A fabic which comprises warp yarns interlaced with severed weft yarns having their ends tucked into the fabric to cross a plurality of warp yarns to form selvages, the warp yarns crossed by the tucked-in ends of the weft yarns including at least one presser warp yarn which lies, with respect to the two sides of the fabric, on the same side of a plurality of adjacent weft yarns and on the opposite side of a tucked-in end of each of the yarns of that plurality.

6. A loom having a plurality of main warp yarns and a presser warp yarn intermediate the extreme ones of said main warp yarns, said loom comprising two warp yarn harnesses for shedding of said main warp yarns, said harnesses being cyclically reciprocabie in opposite phases between upper and lower shed positions, said loom further comprising a heddle adjacent one side of the loom and separate from said harnesses for guiding said presser warp yarn, and means for driving said heddle in timed relation to said harnesses between a first location in which said presscr warp yarn occupies a central shed position and a second location in which said presser warp yarn occupies a single one of. said upper and lower shed positions.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,948,051 2/1934 Rossmann 139122 2,034,487 3/1936 Rossmann 139122 2,374,951 5/1945 Pedrazzo et al 139122 2,802,488 8/1957 Opletal et al 13954 2,924,247 2/1960 Flamand 13955 3,083,738 4/1963 Pfarrwaller et a1. 139-122 3,144,882 8/1964 Steiner 139-54 3,227,191 1/1966 Juillard 139-54 X FOREIGN PATENTS 1,254,946 1/1961 France. 1,324,932 3/1963 France.

979,215 1/1965 Great Britain.

MERVIN STEIN, Prinmry Examiner.

I. KEE CH1, Assistant Examiner.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 ,361 ,164 January 2 1968 Josef Kathriner It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 1 line 20, for "neck" read next line 46 after "laced" insert warp Signed and sealed this 8th day of April 1969.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD J. BRENNER Edward M. Fletcher, Ir.

Commissioner of Patents Attesting Officer

Claims

1. A METHOD OF WEAVING A FABRIC INCLUDING WARP YARNS, WEFT YARNS, AND AT LEAST ONE PRESSER WARP YARN ADJACENT TO A SELVAGE OF THE FABRIC, SAID PRESSER WARP YARN BEING TERLACED WITH SEVERED WEFT YARNS HAVING THEIR ENDS TUCKED INTO THE FABRIC TO CROSS A PLURALITY OF WARP YARNS AND SAID PRESSED WARP YARN SO AS TO FORM A SELVAGE, WHICH METHOD COMPRISES DURING EACH OF A SUCCESSION OF CYCLES FORMING A WARP SHED, MOVING THE PRESSER YARN FROM ONE OPEN SHED POSITION TO A CENTRAL SHED POSITION, INSERTING A WEFT YARN INTO THE SHED OUTSIDE THE SPACE BETWEEN SAID CENTRAL SHED POSITION AND SAID ONE OPEN SHED POSITION, SEVERING THE WEFT YARN, TUCKING INTO THE SHED BETWEEN THE PRESSER