US2152592A - Pile fabric loom - Google Patents

Description

March 28, 1939. H. v. HARDIMAN FILE FABRIC LOQM Filed Feb. 15, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 m m Y M E T N R T m A T WA A w March 28, 1939. H v. HARDIMAN 2,152,592

PILE FABR IC LOOM' Filed Feb. 15, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 l I 000.. a 82 1 29.5 3 I o WW I \&

ATTORNEY FILE FABRIC LOOM Filed Feb. 15, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 \Sgg ATTORNEY the i939 i $152,592 I YUNHITEDQ s ATss -PATE.NT,

I run mnarc mou Harold v. Hardiman, Thompsonville, Coma, as-

signer to Bigelow-Sanford Carpet 'Ihompstprivllle, Com, a corporation of, m:- I

Application February 15, 1937, Serial'No. 125,093"

' 14 Claims. (61.139-21) This invention relates to pile fabric looms and Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section through the particularly to novel mechanism in such looms for double face fabric of Fig. 2; a effecting a tight draw of'the weft threads around Fig.4 is va plan view of such fabric;

the-selvage. I a i 1 v i Fig; is a detailed elevation view of certain 1 In pile fabric looms of thet'yp in which the pile parts of Fig. 6; and j a v 5 yarns are introduced as warps forming a part of Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a double face loom the shed, a-problem is presented-in that the tena with a preferred embodiment of my invention sion of the shuttle on'the weft thread has not been inco p t th inp V as effective as is desired for drawing the weft In Figs. 1, 2 and 3 I' a indicated a d ubl a 1o ti htly about the selva'ge,'which has resulted in fabric lhaving an upper baki 18fi fi l a l w r objectionable loomness of the pile tufts and backbacking fabric 3 and, pile yarns 4 woven"therens fa ric warps along the selvage. and in th between. As customary in weavi ig fabrics ofthis formation vof unpresentable loops of weft at the y the pp nd l wer f r s (are Separated by selvage. knife mechanism severing the pileyarns 4 inter- I My experiments have shpwn t t t d mediate, the backing fabrics 2 and {to form two ll lying cause of such looseness and weft loops is that individual P fabric-iv at the time of certain shuttle i'd'averses'thev pile The W D Sheds formed w W -V1118 such wa ps cross the backing fabric warps in the h double face fabrics may vary, but a typical formaat points spaced from the fell; which: crossings 111011 y o s st. as indicated, 0! t Stuffei p 2o resist the drawing of the weft toward the ten 5 and binder'wnrlis t o the upper fabric under the available tension in the shuttle. When e II and l r "W 1 la and the the weft shot is beaten up, the warp crossings are W? fabric Shed, 1 8 tween which fl fl moved with the weft to the fell and the 'excess fabric w n the bi warps 8 all i t uced weft thread extending outside the shed between from warp beams or creel 890018 and formed o 25. the crossings and t gen germs u mm a 1 sheds by the usual harness mechanism 28 p otruding from the selvage. In Fig; 1 a weft thread I I has'iust-been intro- It is the primary object of the present invention the shuttle SKFIE- 3) entering the h to eliminate this condition and 1 have found that l It l be mted that at "mashed the-P116 that result may eflecflvely b mg u by warps 8 extend from the lower backing fabric I 30 relieving the warps, and particularly t crossings upwardly to cross the backing fabric binder warps thereof at the time the shuttle tension is acting to of the upper fabric at Point"-8 ltwmch are quite draw the weft to the fell. Aswm appear, 1 y 7 remote from the fell ll of the cloth. Y accomplish this result in a number of ways, such; As a result of these crossings, the tension of the as by deflecting one ormore of the sets of wa s shuttle on the weft has not beeneifective todraw .-form1ng the shed, toward t 1 and the weft tightly against the fell I 3, as is desired, 85

during the throw of the h tt Alternatively I but the weft movement toward the fell has been may release the tension t a a slack in h impeded by the warp crossings I 2, thereby formarps at such time intervals which also eil'ecingtlength weft, Outside the shed and tively relieves the crossings. In some looms, Dflrbetween the n and crossing I 40 tjcularly of t double fac typewhere the prom As will be understood, the beat-up of the lay 40 lam is extreme because of the v follows the introduction of the weft thread |0;and crossings from the zen ash 2 3212 or the it will be apparent that as the weft is beaten up pile warps smmn fr 1 to th 7 against the fell, the excess weft II will form itself m:mathematicia s:2:52a m Pmtmm time t or Thes and 1 e objects and advantages upper fabric, previous loops so formed being desig- 45 listed at, 20. Such loo formation my invention appe mm a more detailed looseness in the weave at the selvag e d slsz I description thereof in connection with the accomt t m what from the desired trim v appearpanyins fil s- 8 n hi ance of the selvage.

Fig. -1 a perspect ve w i it double face. In Fig. 2 Ihaveindlcated one form of my novel fabric, indicating a typical condition which my mechanism for'overcoming this diiliculty, and as invention reme ie 5 there shown, I' provide for" the purpose a. member Fig. 2 is a Simil perspective V ing the 25 secured to a vertical shaft 28 periodically romode of ope a o of my wa p enga in member tated in a manner to be described to assume the in such double face looms; position indicated lung. 2. The member Iihu warp engaging face 28. which, as indicated in Fig. 3, is adapted to abut the "pile warps 8 and move them to their dotted line positions indicated at 9'. By such movement ofthe pile warps the crossings l2, above described, are moved toward the fell, as indicated at l2.

Referring again to Fig. 2, when the weft thread it is now drawn through the shed, the tension in the shuttle will be effective to draw the weft closer 10' to the fell, leaving only a negligible portion of the weft extending outside the shed. The mem-' ber 25 is retracted immediately prior-to the beatup of the lay, and, in such beat-up, the weft III is closely compacted against the fell forming tightly 15 drawn loops 28'rather than the objectionably protruding loops 28, with consequent looseness, as before. 1

Referring now to Fig. 8 wherein I have illustrated certain parts of a double face loom incorporating a preferred embodiment of my invention, the loom has the usual breast-plate 88 to support the fabric I and is provided with harness mechanism 8| for forming warp sheds in the usual manner. The above described member 25 is, as stated, secured to one end of the vertical shaft 28, to the other end of which is secured a lever 4| pivoted at 82 to a link 88. The link 48 is pivoted at 84 to an arm loosely journaled at 48 on the shaft 85. The arm 45 carries a 80 cam following roller II which is spring pressedformed when the shuttle S (Fig. 3), carrying' the weft threads for thelower fabric, enters the shed at .the seivage 88.

Accordingly, I provide, in proximity to the.

45 selvage edge 88 a warp engaging member ll identical to the above'described member 25, which member 18' is secured to a vertical rod 1| rotated at intervals by mechanism which is the same as that actuating the member 25' and in 50 cludes the-linkage I2, ll and I4 operated by cam roller engaging cam II also secured to the shaft 58. I

. As indicated, the cams l2 and 18 are shaped to actuate the members 25 and It at diiferent 5-5 times and once each per loom cycle, namely when the followers engage the lowportions 52a and 18a of the cams. The proper timing of the actuations of both members relative to theshuttle traverse and' the lay beat-up is effected by providing dwells 52a and 18a of proper length and l f by suitably positioning the cams on the shaft 58;

which, "as stated, rotates one revolution per loom cycle. Member 25 wipes in tokdeflect the pile warps engaged by it toward the fell immediately ,prior to the traverse of shuttle B through shed 'll of the upper fabric 2.. After the completion of the'shot and immediately prior to the beat up, it is retracted to its position indicated and 70 it does not operate again until after the shuttle S has returned and i'saga'in about to enter shed l l-froni'the seivageedge ii. The member II operates in similarly timed relation to the entrance of'shuttle B. from the'selva'ge 88 into a 7 cprrespondingly formed shed of the lower fabric 3 and is similarly retracted prior to the next suc- I 'ceeding beat-up.

As stated above, the problem of weftjlooseness is'most troublesome in double face fabrics for the reason that the cross line I2 is more remote from the fell in weaves of thatcharacter due to the shifting of the pile warps from one backing fabric to the other. Although I have found the members 25 and I0 alone to be effective for obviating this difllculty, I prefer .to enhance their operation by the provision of mechanism, indicatedgenertilly at 88 and II, which is adapted to release the tension in the pile warps to provide a slack in those warps at the times the members 25 and 18 are functioning.

' The warp slack devices 88 and 8| are inall respects identical in constructionand each has a vertically reciprocating Warppngaging member 82 having upper and lower jaws 98 and 8| (Fig. 5) protruding from 'a hub 92, between which jaws a number of pile warps 8 are threaded. On opposite sides of the member 82 and in horizontal alignment with the lower jaw 9| thereof when the member 82 is elevated, are the warp supporting ledges 88 and 88. The ledges 82 and 88 are formed by bending-over strips of metal. secured to a boss 88. A clamp 81 secures-the slack member to a rod 88,01 the loom frame. Vertical reciprocation of the member 82 is effected by a rod 88 secured to hub 92 and passing through a hole drilled in the boss 88.' Both rods 98 are pivoted tolevers 98 fixed to separate shafts 95 and 98 independently rotatable in the bearing 81. The shaft 95 has an arm I 88 carrying a cam follower IM spring pressed at I82 against cam I83 secured to shaft 50. Similarly the shaft 98 carries fixed to it the lever I85 having cam follower'l08 spring pressed .by spring I01. against cam I88 which is also secured to the shaft 58, i i

when the loom is threaded with pile warps the selected number of warps on each side which are to be deflected by the members." and 18 are passed over the warp supporting ledges 88 and 84 of the slack devices 80 and 8| and between the tongues 98 and 9| of their respective vertically reciprocalmember 82. If desired a slight amount of slack may be provided in these sel'vage' warps during such threading by moving both members 82 to their depressed positions indicated for the device 80, during such threading. I have found, however, that if no such slack is provided but the yarn threaded while the warp depressing membersof both slacking devices 88 and 8| are elevated, the'stretch in the yarn i ncident to the initial loom operations will soon producetthe necessary amount of slack.

The shape and position on shaft 50 of the tension releasing operating cams Hi3 and I08 are so chosen relative to cams 52 and I6 operating the members 25 and 18, as above .described, that the member 82 of slacker 80, for example, is moved from its depressed or yarn deflecting position indicated to its-elevated position prior to and during the movement of the'member 25 from its .retracted position to its position in deflecting engagement with the pile warps. The release of tension and the slack thereby provided in the pile warps relieve the tension at the crossings l2 and facilitates the deflecting of the warps by the member 25. when the member 25 is retracted the slacker 80 does not immediately return to its depressed position, but there is a pause before such depression sumcient for beat-up of the lay and shift of the harness to form' thenext shed. In that manner I insure that the weft thread is not moved away from the fell by the takeup of the slack.

The slacker '8! is similarly timed with the member ll.

The problem of loose weft selvage isnot confined to double face fabrics, but is also present in varying degrees in single face fabrics. Where the pile is high in such fabrics the warp crossings may be quite remote from the fell. Even where the pile is low a problem arises in broad looms because the available tension in the shuttle to draw in the weft is more limited than in narrower ',looms, for the reason that excessive tension may so retard the shuttle during its long traverse across a broadloom that it will not reach the box at the end of the traverse, with obvious consequences. It is obvious therefore that the mechanisms above described are not limited to use in doubleface looms.

Although I have not illustrated the use of a warp deflector or a warpslack mechanism, such as those described in the double face loom in a single face loom, it will be appreciated that such mechanism can also be employed, in such a loom if desired. Furthermore, in some looms, either single or double face, the warp crossings may be relieved sufficiently to warp slack mechanism alone without a warp deflector.

It will be appreciated that the embodiments of my invention herein disclosed are subject to various modifications without departing from the spirit of my' invention, which is to be limited only as indicated in the appended claims. Thus the warp slack mechanism. or the warp deflecting members or both may engage all of the pile yarns rather than a limited number adjacent the selvage as herein indicated. Although I have described herein certain movements of those warp yarns which form the pile as eifective for the purpose, it is obvious that similar results can be accomplished by moving the binder'or stufier warps or both.

I claim:-

1. In a pile fabric loom, the combination of heddles for forming warp sheds wherein warps shuttle, entering the shed at the adjacent selvage,

shifting pile warps from one backing fabric to the other to form sheds in which pile warps form crossings with backing fabric warps at points remote from the fell, a pair of warp deflectors, one disposed adjacent each side edge of the double fabric and each being independently movable to wipe in between the planes of the upper number only of pile warps and crossings toward I the fell, and means for alternately wiping in the deflectors, said means being timed with the shuttle mechanism to dispose the crossings, so.

,pile warps crossing from one backing fabric to the other, the combination of harness mechanism for shifting pile warps-from one backing fabric to the other to form upper and lower sheds in both of which pile warps form crossings with backing fabric warps remote from the fell, shuttles for the upper and lower fabrics adapted to introduce weft shots into the upper and lower sheds behind said crossings, a pair of warp deflectors, one disposed adjacent each side edge of the double fabric and each being mounted to wipe in behind a limited number only of pile warps leading to a correspondingly limited number of crossings adjacent its respective side edge of the fabric and to move said limited number of warps and crossings only toward the fell, means for wiping in one of the deflectors immediately prior to the throw of the shuttle entering the upper shed from one side of the fabric and means for wiping in the other deflector immediately prior to the throw of the other shuttle entering the lower shed from the opposite side of the fabric, whereby to facilitate the draw of the weft toward the fell by the tension in the shuttle.

4. In a pile fabric loom, the combination of heddles for forming warp sheds wherein warps form crossings at points spaced from the fell, shuttle mechanism for introducing weft shots into the sheds thus formed, a warp deflector movably mounted in position to enter an opening behind warps leading to crossings and to move said warps and crossings toward the fell, warp slacking means positioned to engage warps so moved and operable to produce a slack therein, means for actuating said slacking means, and means for actuating said warp deflector, said several actuating means being timed with relation to each other and to the shuttle mechanism to move slacked'warps toward the fell andto dispose the said crossings in proximity to the fell when the shuttle is thrown, whereby to facilitate the draw of the weft toward the fell by the tension in the shuttle.

5. In a pile fabric loom, the combination of heddles forforming warp sheds wherein warps form crossings remote from the fell, shuttle mechanism for introducing weft shots into the sheds thus formed and behind said crossings, a warp deflector movably mounted in position to engage a limited number only of warps leading to a correspondingly limited number of crossings adjacent a selvage and to move said limited number of warps and crossings only toward the fell, warp slacking means positioned to engagev said limited number only of warps and operable to produce a slack therein, means for actuating said slacking means and means for actuating said warp deflector, said several actuating means being timed in relation to each other and to the shuttle mechanism to move slacked warps toward the fell and to dispose said crossings in proximity to the fell when the shuttle, entering the shed at said selvage,- is thrown, whereby to facilitate the draw of the weft toward the fell by the tension 75 and lower backing fabrics and to move a limited in the shuttle.

' means positioned to engage said limited number anism to move slacked warps toward the fell and I positioned in proximity to thefell of the fabric weft at the side of the fabric is avoided.

, troducing weft shots into the sheds thus formed which they lead and to hold said warps and crossforming warp sheds in certain of which the warps means for actuating the demtor while the-reed is 6. In a pile fabric loom, the combination of backto advance, toward the fell, saidset of,warps heddles for forming warp sheds wherein pile warps form crossings with backing fabric warps remote from the fell, shuttle mechanism for insaid warps and crossings so moved during the insertion of weft behind said, crossings so that the picking mechanism draws the weft, so inserted, close to the deflector and to the fell at the side and behind said crossings, a warp deflector movof the fabric before the reed beats up said weft,

ably mountedradjacent the fell in position to enter an opening behind a limited number only whereby looping of the weft atthe side is avoided.

10. In a pile faric loom, the combination of a of pile warps leading to a correspondingly limited reed, reed beat-up mechanism, harnesses for number of crossings adjacent a selvage and to move said limited number of pile warps and crossings only toward the fell, warp slacking form crossings remote from the fell, P

only of pile warps and operable to produce a reed, on some of which beats the weft is inserted slack therein, means for actuating said slacking behind remote crossings, a pair of warp'deflectors, means, and means for actuating said warp deflector,'said several actuating means being timed with m vably mounted in position to enter a warp relation toeach other and to the shuttle meche Opening behind y a limited number warps leading to a correspondingly limited number of crossings adjacent its'respective selvage and to move said limited number of warps and crossings forwardly toward the fell, 'and means for alterto dispose said crossings in proximity to the fell when the shuttle, entering the shed at said selv-l age, is thrown, whereby to facilitate the draw of the weft toward the fell by the tension in the h tt I when the reed is back to advance, toward the i. In a pile fabric loom, the combination of fell, its espective limi mb of .w ips and heddles for forming-warp sheds wherein pile' warpsformcrossings, with backing fabric warps at points spaced from the fell, shuttle mechanism for introducing -weft shots into the sheds thus Weft n e e l se to its deflector and to the formed, warp slacking means positioned to enbefore the reed beets up said Weft, e y gage pile warps and operable alternately to tenop 0 th 'we a the se vag es isavoided. sion and release the pile warps so engaged to produce a slack therein, warp deflecting means moved during the insertion of the weft from said a reed, harnesses for forming warp shedswherein pile warps and backing fabric warps form and movably mounted to move pile warps and crossings toward the felLand means for a uinserting Weft the sheds s m d and sting said slacking means and said pile warp behind Said crossings. P p ns sin'g means deflecting means in timed relation with each Operable at times to u i e warps u der tension other and with the shuttle mechanism to provide and at other times to r se e t sion on said the said slackand simultaneously to move the P warps t0 P slack h r in; and means said pile warps and crossings toward the fell actuating 581d P W rp ns' sing' means at prior to the completion of predetermined throws e time when the e back and in 0 d1na-. of the shuttle whereby to facilitate the draw of the weft toward the fell by the tension in the shuttle.

lease the tension on said pile warps so. that there is slack therein when the weft is drawn against 8. In a pile fabric loom, the combination of a the crossings during its insertion, whereby, befcre reed, reed beat-up mechanism, harnesses for the eed heats up the w t e may heidmwh 1 mi s Wm shed; umertam f which the warps close to the fell adjacent the selvage by the ten-. form crossings remote from the fell, picking 5111 the weft Inserting mechanism mechanism for inserting weft on each beat of the In Pue tab! it the combination reed, on some of which beats the weft is inserted harnesses forming warp sheds wherebehind remote crossings, a warp deflector mov- 111 warps and been!!! fabric warps ably mounted to enter from the side of the warps rossings remote from the fell,.mechanism for into a warp opening behind a set of warps leadin inserting mto the sheds )hhus firmed and to remote crossings and means for actuating the behind said cmsshlgsmeans ehghge a deflector while the reed is back to advance, toward limited number Due warps leading to said and the crossings to which they lead and to hold forming warp sheds in certain of which the warps nately actuating each of the deflectors at times crossings remote from the fell, mechanism for tion with the weft inserting mechanism to remechanism for inserting weft on each beat of the crossings and to hold said warps-and crossings so selvage so that the picking mechanism draws the t I 11. In a pile fabric loom,. the combination of I the fell, said set of warps and the crossings to crossing adieceht vese, said means bein operable at times to put said limited number of ings so moved during the insertion of weft behind\ warps under ension and at other times to regaid crossings so t t t plckjng mechamsm lease the tension thereon to provide slack therein, draws the weft, so inserted, close to the deflector im m s for actuating s i pil W rp 118 -81118 and to the fell at the side of the fabric before the means at im when the reed is back and in coreed b ats up said weft, whereby looping of the ordination with the weftinserting mechanism to release the tension on said warps soxthat there is more slack therein than in the warpsnot so engaged when the weft is drawn against the .crossings during its insertion, whereby, before the reed form crossings remote from the fell, picking beats up the weft, the weft may be drawn close mechanism for inserting weft on each beat of the to the fell adjacent the selvage by the tension reed, on some ofwhich beats the weft is inserted of the weft inserting mechanism.

behind remote crossing WarD de r, piv- 13.In a pile fabric. loom the combination of oted adjacent the fell in p iti n to be w g from a reed, reed beat-up mechanism, harnesses. for the side of the warps into a warp opening behind a set of warps leading to remote crossings and 9. In a pile fabric loom, the combination of a reed, reed beat-up mechanism, harnesses for forming warp sheds .in certain of which pile serting weft on each beat of the reed, on some of which beats the weft is inserted behind remote crossings, a warp'deflector movably mounted to enter from the side of the warps into a warp opening behind a set of pile warps leading to remote crossings, pile warp engaging means operable at times to put said set of pile warps under tension and at othertimes to release the tension on said set of pile warps to provide slack therein, means for actuating said pile warp engaging means to release the tension on said set of pile warps so that there is slack therein when the reed is back, and means for actuating the deflector to advance, toward the fell, both the pile warps in which the tension is so released and the crossings to which they lead, so that the picking 3 mechanism draws the weft, thereafter inserted, close to the deflector and to the fell at the side of the fabric before the reed beats up said weft, whereby looping of the weft at the side of the fabric is avoided.

14. In a double face fabric loom for weavin upper and lower backing fabrics connected by pile warps crossing from one backing fabric to the other, the combination of a reed, reed beat-up mechanism, harnesses .for forming warp sheds for the upper and lower fabrics in which the pile warps form crossings with the upper backing warps remote from the upper fell when the pile warps cross from the lower to the upper fabric and form other crossings with the lower backing warps remote from the lower fell when the pile warps cross from the upper to the lower fabric, picking mechanism for inserting weft in the upper and lower sheds on each beat of the reed and behind remote crossings successively in the upper and lower sheds, a pair of warp deflectors, one disposed adjacent each side edge of the double fabric and each being mounted to wipe in behind pile warps leading to crossings and to move said warps and crossings forwardly, means for actuating one of the deflectors while the reed is back to advance, toward the upper fell, crossings remote from the upper fell and to hold the crossings so moved while the weft is picked through the upper shed from the side of the fabric adjacent the said deflector and means for actuating the other deflector while the reed is back on the next succeeding beat to advance, toward the lower fell, crossings remote from the lower fell and to hold the crossings so moved while the weft is picked through the lower shed from the side of the fabric adjacent said other deflector so that the picking mechanism draws the wefts so inserted close to y the deflectors and to the fells before the reed beats up said wefts whereby looping of the wefts at the selvages is avoided.

HAROLD V. HARDIMAN.

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