US3360037A - Heat exchanger u-bend tube arrangement - Google Patents

Heat exchanger u-bend tube arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US3360037A
US3360037A US482243A US48224365A US3360037A US 3360037 A US3360037 A US 3360037A US 482243 A US482243 A US 482243A US 48224365 A US48224365 A US 48224365A US 3360037 A US3360037 A US 3360037A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
tube
sector
bend
tube sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US482243A
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English (en)
Inventor
Johannes H Ammon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Babcock and Wilcox Co
Original Assignee
Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Babcock and Wilcox Co filed Critical Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority to US482243A priority Critical patent/US3360037A/en
Priority to FR73811A priority patent/FR1490798A/fr
Priority to NL6611907A priority patent/NL6611907A/xx
Priority to BE685939D priority patent/BE685939A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3360037A publication Critical patent/US3360037A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend

Definitions

  • U-bend tube heat exchanger An example of such a U-bend tube heat exchanger can be seen in Patent No. 2,862,479 issued December 2, 1958 to R. U. Blaser et al. In such a unit a great number of different sizes of U-bends are required for the tubes ranging from the small or narrow bight tubes located in the center of the tube bank to the larger or wider bight tubes located at the periphery of the bank.
  • Another primary object of the present invention is to furnish an annular bank of U-bend tubes divisible into a number of equiangular, sector shaped, sub-banks.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method of equidistantly spacing U-bend tubes in an annular bank within a heat exchanger.
  • the present invention is directed to the arrangement of U-bend tubes into an 'annularly shaped bank in a heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a longitudinally elongated casing divided interiorly by a tube sheet into an end chamber and a tube chamber.
  • the end chamber is further divided by a partition into an in let compartment and an outlet compartment and the partition also divides the tube sheet into a centrally disposed inner part and concentrically arranged outer part. In this way the inner part of the tube sheet communicates with one of the compartments in the end chamber While the outer part communicates with the other compartment.
  • a bank of U-bend tubes are arranged each having a first tube section connected to the inner part of the tube sheet and in communication with its corresponding compartment and a longitudinally extending second tube section connected to the outer part of the tube sheet and in connection with the other compartment in the end chamber, and the first and second sections connected by a U-bend or bight section.
  • the first and second tube sections of the U-bend tubes are arranged in an equilateral triangular lattice so that each tube is spaced an equal distance from its adjoining tubes in either the inner or outer part of the bank.
  • a lattice is meant a regular geometrical arrangement of tubes. Generally evenly spaced tubes are arranged in either square or triangular patterns or lattices.
  • the tubes in adjacent rows are in line while in a triangular lattice the tubes in adjacent rows are staggered by half the distance between adjacent tubes in a row.
  • the bank is divided into a number of equiangular sectors with the tubes in each sector arranged in planes parallel to either the bisector of the sector or to the planes forming the diverging boundaries of the sector.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical section through a heat exchanger incorporating an annular bank of U-bend tubes;
  • FIG. 2 is a partial plan view illustrating the arrangement of an annular bank of equidistantly spaced U-bend tubes
  • FIG. 3 is a 3-3 in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4- is a partial elevational view taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 1 partial vertical section taken along line FIG. is a partial elevational view taken along line 55 in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a partial plan view of another arrangement of an annular bank of U-bend tubes.
  • FIG. 1 a heat exchanger 10 having a longitudinally elongated vertically arranged, cylindrically shaped vessel or casing I2.
  • a transverse ly arranged tube sheet 14 divides it into a lower end chamber 16 and an upper tube chamber 18.
  • Annular shaped partition 20 extending between the tube sheet and the casing divide the end chamber 16 into a centrally located inner compartment 22 and a concentrically disposed outer compartment 24.
  • the artition 20 divides the tube sheet into a centrally located inner part 26 and a concentrically arranged outer part 28, the inner and outer parts 26, 28 of the tube sheet being in communication with the corresponding inner and outer compartments 22, 24.
  • each tube comprises a first tube section 32 connected to the inner part 26 of the tube sheet and a second tube section 34 connected to the outer part 28 of the tube sheet.
  • the first and second tube sections 32 and 34 are connected by U-bend sections 36, the bight or bend of these sections varying in size depending on the location of the tube in the bank.
  • the heat exchanger 10 in FIG. 1 is shown vertically arranged with a drainable bank of U-bend tubes, however, the heat exchanger also could be arranged with the tubes depending vertically from its upper end or disposed in a horizontally oriented casing.
  • inlet connection 38 and inlet header 40 are provided for introducing fluid into the tube chamber 18.
  • Plate means 42 form an inlet plenum 43 and an opening 44 for distributing heat transfer fluid into the tube chamber for flow over the U-bend tubes 30.
  • outlet nozzles 46 extend outwardly from the casing and are spaced just above the tube sheet for removing the fluid from the tube chamber 18 after its passage over the tubes.
  • nozzle 48 communicates with the outer compartment 24, and nozzle 50 communicates with the inner compartment 22 for circulating fluid through the U-bend tubes.
  • Skirt 52 attached to the lower end of the casing, extends downwardly to provide support for the unit.
  • Closure plates 53, 54 seal access openings in the casing which afford admittance to the inner and outer compartments and the end chamber face of the tube sheet 14.
  • One of the primary features of the present invention is the identical spacing of the U-bend tubes throughout the tube bank.
  • This invention is based upon a novel equilateral triangular lattice arrangement which permits the equal spacing of the tubes, and the division of the tube blank into equiangular sectors in which the tubes are arranged in planes parallel either to the bisector of the sector or to one of the planes which form the diverging boundaries of the sector.
  • the radial dimension of the open annular space between the first and second legs of the U-bend tubes is dependent upon the minimum tube bend or bight which can be utilized and also upon the thickness of the partition which divides the tube sheet 14 into its inner and outer part 26, 28.
  • FIG. 2 for purposes of simplicity only a portion of the bank of tubes is shown and the peripheral edge of the tube sheet and the walls of the heat exchanger casing have been omitted.
  • the first step in assembling the U-bend tubes into an annular shaped bank comprises establishing on the tube sheet a reference line extending through the center of the face or in other words providing a diameter across the tube sheet face.
  • the center of the tube sheet face is designated as X and Y-Y represents the reference line A used as the starting line for constructing the annular bank of U-bend tubes.
  • a first coordinate line 60 is established passing through the center X and forming a 30 degree angle with the reference line Y-Y.
  • Second coordinate line 7b is also drawn through the center X forming a 30 degree angle with reference line Y-Y and providing an included angle of 60 degrees with the first coordinate line 60.
  • first and second coordinate lines 69 and 70 are placed on the tube sheet face parallel with the initially established first and second coordinate lines 60 and 70.
  • the spacing of the coordinate lines is selected based on the size of the tubes and the flow channel required between adjoining tubes.
  • These intersecting coordinate lines form a network of equilateral parallelograms on the tube sheet face, each parallelogram containing two 60 degree and two 120 degree angles. The bisector of the 120 degree angles divides each parallelogram into a pair of equilateral triangles.
  • line ZZ is established parallel to and spaced from line Y-Y half the distance between adjacent coordinate lines.
  • line ZZ as its bisector a 60 degree sector is established with point A as its apex, and lines MM and N-N as its outwardly diverging boundaries.
  • the remainder of the tube sheet face is divided into five similar sectors starting with line M-M and finishing with line NN, the sectors shown in FIG. 2 being identified as I, II, and VI. Because the line ZZ is offset from the reference line YY the apices of the sectors are offset a similar distance from the center X of the tube sheet face, note the location of the apices A, B, and C corresponding to Sectors I, II and VI.
  • each sector is divided into a radially inner part 72 and a radially outer part 74 separated by an annular open part 75. The areas of these parts 72, 74 are substantially equal.
  • the outer part of each sector is also divided circumferentially into two side regions 76 each bordering one of the diverging boundaries of the sector, MM, and N-N for Sector I, and separated by an intermediate section 78 which is equally divided on either side of the bisector ZZ. The side and intermediate regions are irregular in shape.
  • Sector VI illustrates the tubes located in the intermediate region 78
  • Sector II shows the tubes in the side region 76
  • Sector I contains the combined arrangement of the tubes in the side and intermediate regions 76, 78.
  • the tubes designated as (1) are arranged in planes parallel to the adjacent boundary lines MM or OO of the sector.
  • the tubes (1) have their first tube sections located in the inner part 72 of the sector at the intersection of the coordinate lines closest to the inner edge of the open part 75 and their second tube sections in outer part 74 of the sector closest to the outer edge of the open part 75.
  • Tubes (1) are positioned in spaced parallel side by side relationship from the boundary lines MM and OO inwardly until the innermost tube (1) is adjacent the bisector line ZZ (VI) in the inner part 72.
  • Successively tubes (2), (3), and (4) are nested with tubes (1) so that they form a plurality of parallel platens S0. The number of tubes in each platens varies from one to four.
  • the number of tubes per platen is determined by the available locations in the inner part 72 for tubes from the side and intermediate regions 76, 78 and by the need to provide a bank of tubes which is as compact as possible.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown the manner in which the tubes in one side region 76 of Sector VI are arranged with the U-bend sections spanning the open part 75.
  • the size of 75 the bight or loop of the tubes in the side regions increases from tubes (1) to (4).
  • the phantom lines in FIG. 4 show the relative position of the tubes located in the intermediate region 78 with respect to the tubes disposed in the side region 76.
  • Sector II illustrates the assembly of the tubes whose second tube sections 34 are located in the intermediate region 78 while Sector VI shows the location of the tubes in the inner and outer parts of the sector.
  • the tubes marked in the intermediate region are arranged parallel to the bisector Z-Z (II) and loop or cross over the top of the U-bend sections of the tube in the side regions 76.
  • FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the U-bend sections of the tubes in the side and intermediate regions.
  • Tubes (5) in intermediate region 78 are located along the outer edge of the open part 75, and within the inner part 72 are positioned radially inward of the tubes (1), (2), (3).
  • the tubes in the intermediate region form two groups of parallel platens with tubes (5), (7), (9) forming one group of tubes (6) and (8) forming the other.
  • Tubes are positioned at a degree angle to the tubes in both the side and intermediate regions because they cannot be fitted into the sector parallel to either its boundary or its bisector.
  • the open spaces which remain in the outermost and innermost portions of the sectors may be closed to flow by using baffles to counter any maldistribution in the heat exchange process.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates manner in which the tubes in the intermediate region 78 loop over the tubes in the side regions 76.
  • each of the six sectors three of which are shown in FIG. 2 the arrangement and number of tubes is the same.
  • the maximum number of tubes are employed in equally spaced relationship in each sector and optimum heat transfer can be achieved.
  • a number of them may be omitted from the bank, i.e., along the bisector or sector boundary, and be replaced by support rods which extend from the tube sheet with the rods in turn forming a part of a tube support assembly.
  • FIG. 6 there is'shown an alternate arrangement in which the tube sheet is divided into sectors without first providing any offset for the starting reference line such as demonstrated in FIG. 2.
  • the component parts of the sector inthis figure similar to those shown in FIG. 2 bear the same reference numerals.
  • the tubes in FIG. 6 are arranged in the same parallel relationship to either the bi sector or the diverging boundaries of the sector as described for" FIG. 2, tubes (1),. (2), (3), and (4) are parallel to the adjacent sector boundary and tubes (5), (6), (7),'(8), and (9) are parallel to the bisector. Since the apices of the sectors are not offset in relation to the center of the face the U-bend tubes located along the boundary lines are common to the adjoining sectors.
  • the inner four tubes on the boundary lines are divided equally between the two adjoining sectors.
  • Two of the tubes, (7) and (8) are disposed parallel to the bisector of one sector and tube (9) is parallel to the other adjoining bisector.
  • Tube (12) is disposed at a 15 degree angle to the bisector and the boundaries as are tubes (10), (11), (13) and (14). This pattern repeats itself in each of the six sectors around the tube sheet.
  • the present invention resides in establishing a equilateral triangular lattice construction for both legs of the U-bend tubes.
  • the coordinate lines form an equilateral triangular lattice construction which in combination with the orientation of the tubes in degree sectors permits identical tube spacing though the tubes are arranged in an annular bank.
  • a tubular arrangement in a heat exchanger which comprises a plurality of U-bend tubes, a tube sheet having an inner central area portion receiving one end of each of said tubes to communicate same with one fluid compartment, and an outer annular area portion receiving the other end of each of said tubes to communicate same with another fluid compartment, said U-bend tubes being disposed equidistantly in an annular bank composed of a plurality of equiangular, sector-shaped sub-banks of tubes, the tubes in each sub-bank being disposed in mutually parallel planes.
  • a heat exchanger comprising:
  • (C) partition means dividing said end chamber into an inlet compartment and an outlet compartment and said tube sheet into a centrally disposed inner part and a outer part concentric-ally arranged about said inner part, said inner part of said tube sheet in communication with one of said compartments in said end chamber and the outer part of said tube sheet in communication with the other compartment in said end chamber,
  • a heat exchanger comprising:
  • (C) partition means dividing said end chamber into an inlet compartment and an outlet compartment and said tube sheet into a centrally located inner part and a concentrically arranged outer part, said inner part of said tube sheet in communication with one of said compartments in said end chamber and the outer part of said tube sheet in communication with the other compartment in said end chamber,
  • a method of assembling an annular arrangement of U-bend tubes into a tube sheet in a heat exchanger comprising:
  • a method of assembling an annular arrangement 'of U-bend tubes into a tube sheet in a heat exchanger comprising:
  • a method of assembling an annular arrangement of U-bend tubes into a tube sheet in a heat exchanger comprising:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US482243A 1965-08-24 1965-08-24 Heat exchanger u-bend tube arrangement Expired - Lifetime US3360037A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US482243A US3360037A (en) 1965-08-24 1965-08-24 Heat exchanger u-bend tube arrangement
FR73811A FR1490798A (fr) 1965-08-24 1966-08-23 Disposition de tubes en u dans un échangeur de chaleur
NL6611907A NL6611907A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-08-24 1966-08-24
BE685939D BE685939A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-08-24 1966-08-24

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US482243A US3360037A (en) 1965-08-24 1965-08-24 Heat exchanger u-bend tube arrangement

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US3360037A true US3360037A (en) 1967-12-26

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US482243A Expired - Lifetime US3360037A (en) 1965-08-24 1965-08-24 Heat exchanger u-bend tube arrangement

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US (1) US3360037A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE685939A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6611907A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3667541A (en) * 1970-03-09 1972-06-06 Ingersoll Rand Co Cooler for gas
US3886906A (en) * 1972-12-06 1975-06-03 Gutehoffnungshuette Sterkrade Steam generator
US3902463A (en) * 1973-03-14 1975-09-02 Kraftwerk Union Ag Steam generator for pressurized water reactors
US3906905A (en) * 1974-08-20 1975-09-23 Commissariat Energie Atomique Steam generator
US4039377A (en) * 1974-03-20 1977-08-02 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Nuclear boiler
EP0013621A1 (en) * 1979-01-08 1980-07-23 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Heat exchanger with increased radius on the inner row U-tubes
EP0130110A1 (fr) * 1983-06-20 1985-01-02 FIVES-CAIL BABCOCK, Société anonyme Echangeur de chaleur pour cristallisation continue
US4638768A (en) * 1985-04-04 1987-01-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Steam generator tubesheet/channel head/centerstay assembly
EP0265726A1 (de) * 1986-10-20 1988-05-04 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union MàœNchen Gmbh Wärmetauscher
US6296050B1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2001-10-02 Brinck, Ii Joseph A. Heat exchanger

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1829846A (en) * 1930-01-02 1931-11-03 Superheater Co Ltd Heat exchanger or desuperheater
GB918246A (en) * 1960-03-28 1963-02-13 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to tubulous vapour generators
GB927267A (en) * 1961-08-31 1963-05-29 Ornanaise De Const Mecaniques Improvements in or relating to workpiece distributors
GB991915A (en) * 1961-12-11 1965-05-12 Foster Wheeler Ltd Improvements in and relating to heat exchangers

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1829846A (en) * 1930-01-02 1931-11-03 Superheater Co Ltd Heat exchanger or desuperheater
GB918246A (en) * 1960-03-28 1963-02-13 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to tubulous vapour generators
GB927267A (en) * 1961-08-31 1963-05-29 Ornanaise De Const Mecaniques Improvements in or relating to workpiece distributors
GB991915A (en) * 1961-12-11 1965-05-12 Foster Wheeler Ltd Improvements in and relating to heat exchangers

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3667541A (en) * 1970-03-09 1972-06-06 Ingersoll Rand Co Cooler for gas
US3886906A (en) * 1972-12-06 1975-06-03 Gutehoffnungshuette Sterkrade Steam generator
US3902463A (en) * 1973-03-14 1975-09-02 Kraftwerk Union Ag Steam generator for pressurized water reactors
US4039377A (en) * 1974-03-20 1977-08-02 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Nuclear boiler
US3906905A (en) * 1974-08-20 1975-09-23 Commissariat Energie Atomique Steam generator
EP0013621A1 (en) * 1979-01-08 1980-07-23 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Heat exchanger with increased radius on the inner row U-tubes
EP0130110A1 (fr) * 1983-06-20 1985-01-02 FIVES-CAIL BABCOCK, Société anonyme Echangeur de chaleur pour cristallisation continue
FR2548346A1 (fr) * 1983-06-20 1985-01-04 Fives Cail Babcock Echangeur de chaleur pour cristallisation continue
US4638768A (en) * 1985-04-04 1987-01-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Steam generator tubesheet/channel head/centerstay assembly
EP0265726A1 (de) * 1986-10-20 1988-05-04 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union MàœNchen Gmbh Wärmetauscher
US6296050B1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2001-10-02 Brinck, Ii Joseph A. Heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE685939A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-02-01
NL6611907A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-02-27

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