US3358987A - Basic oxygen furnace construction - Google Patents

Basic oxygen furnace construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3358987A
US3358987A US480346A US48034665A US3358987A US 3358987 A US3358987 A US 3358987A US 480346 A US480346 A US 480346A US 48034665 A US48034665 A US 48034665A US 3358987 A US3358987 A US 3358987A
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United States
Prior art keywords
brick
zone
arcuate
vessel
shell
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Expired - Lifetime
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US480346A
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English (en)
Inventor
Neil T Crichton
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Harbison Walker Refractories Co
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Harbison Walker Refractories Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Harbison Walker Refractories Co filed Critical Harbison Walker Refractories Co
Priority to US480346A priority Critical patent/US3358987A/en
Priority to ES0330023A priority patent/ES330023A1/es
Priority to GB36612/66A priority patent/GB1110348A/en
Priority to NL6611553A priority patent/NL6611553A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3358987A publication Critical patent/US3358987A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/44—Refractory linings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters

Definitions

  • the furnace structure fundamentally consists of a metal shell having a refractory lining disposed therein.
  • the lining for oxygen steel furnaces consists of an inner or Working lining, and an exterior or tank lining, sometimes with an intermediate brick or rammed lining.
  • the vessel is generally composed of three major zones, these three zones being the bottom zone, the barrel zone and the cone section zone.
  • the bottom zone is generally dish-shaped and of upwardly opening concave configuration.
  • the barrel zone extends from the dish-shaped bottom, upwardly to the cone section zone.
  • the cone section zone is of downwardly opening, turncated cross section configuration.
  • Brick used are usually key or wedge shaped. Usually, the brick in all three zones of the working lining are laid so that the end surface of smallest area is exposed to the interior of said vessel. Similarly, the brick in the tank lining are laid so that an end surface (usually the larger end) is adjacent the metal shell.
  • the area in the vessel where the barrel zone brick meet the bottom zone brick is referred as the knuckle area.
  • the top and bottom face surfaces of the brick in the bottom zone are inclined from the vertical axis of the vessel; whereas, the top and bottom face surfaces of the brick in the barrel zone are substantially horizontal.
  • the interior end surfaces of the brick in the barrel zone are closely adjacent the brick in the bottom zone while the opposite end surfaces thereof are widely separated.
  • the knuckle area between the brick in the bottom and barrel zones has become a major point of weakness of the structural integrity of the vessel.
  • Various types of refractory shapes have been proposed to fill the void between these divergent brick in the shell protective lining or tank lining to provide resistance to stresses and strains encountered in vessel operation. These stresses and strains are caused by the physical movement and manipulation of the vessel or furnace itself during the steelmaking operation, i.e. wide and cyclic variation in temperature, due to successive charging and tapping of heats of metal from the vessel etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view, partly broken, of a typical oxygen converter vessel
  • FIG. 2 is a partial section of knuckle area construc- 3,358,987 Patented Dec. 19, 1967 tion in an oxygen converter vessel ent invention.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are perspective views of the refractory shapes employed in the knuckle area construction of FIG. 2.
  • the improved construction in the knuckle area of a basic oxygen furnace shell protective lining consists of two contiguous courses of refractory brick.
  • One course consists of seven-sided generally key type brick, one of which sides is arcuate.
  • the other course consists of single end skew key brick, also having an arcuate side. Pairs of brick in each course are disposed so that the arcuate sides are adjacent the curvature in the shell and are in conformity therewith.
  • the skew ends of the single end skew brick are contiguous with a side of the seven-sided brick in each course.
  • a typical basic oxygen furnace 10 consisting of an outer metal shell 12, a shell protective brick lining 14 in contact with the inside surface of the shell and a brick Working lining 16.
  • the vessel is constructed of three major zones, the bottom zone 18, the barrel zone 20, and the cone section Zone 22.
  • the bottom zone is dish-shaped and of upwardly opening concave configuration.
  • the brick 23, in the bottom zone terminate in a knuckle area 24 with their face surfaces inclined from the vertical axis of the vessel.
  • the barrel zone extends from the knuckle area upwardly to the cone section zone.
  • the cone section zone having a taphole' 26, extends upwardly and terminates in the form of a mouth 28 at the top of the vessel.
  • the cone section zone is of downwardly opening, generally truncated conical cross section configuration.
  • the brick 23 and 29 in the tank lining are contoured toward the knuckle 24 until the interior ends almost meet, thus leaving a void between the divergent face surfaces.
  • the typical construction of FIG. 1 shows the knuckle area 24 to contain key type refractory brick in the shell protective lining 14 conforming to the contours of the shell.
  • the improved construction employs brick of completely different design in the two courses utilized.
  • the first brick shape 38 (shown best in FIG. 3) is a brick having key taper and having congruent face surfaces 40 and 42 and five incongruent side surfaces 44, 46, 48, 49 and 50.
  • One of the side surfaces 50 is arcuate.
  • the second refractory shape 51 is also a key tapered brick having congruent face surfaces 52 and 54, a skew end surface 56, and opposing end surface 58 and an arcuate side surface 60.
  • a key brick is defined as one having six plane surfaces (two sides, two faces and two ends), in which two surfaces (the faces) are inclined toward each other and one of the end surfaces is narrower than the other.
  • the seven-sided brick of this invention do not conform to this definition; however, for purposes of simplicity and explanation, we employ the term key taper to mean that the face surfaces of the brick are inclined toward each other.
  • the brick of FIGS. 3 and 4 are disposed in pairs so that the arcuate side surfaces 50 and 60 are in close relation to the curvature of the shell and are in conformity with the contours thereof.
  • the brick 38 is further disposed so that the side surface 49 is contiguous with the skew end surface 58 of the brick 51.
  • Another of the side surfaces 48 is contiguous withan inclined face surface 62 of the terminal brick in the inner course tank lining of the bottom zone.
  • Another of the side surface 44 is contiguous with a face surface 64 of terminal brick in the barrel zone.
  • the opposing end surface 58 of the brick 51 is contiguous with an inclined face surface 66 of the terminal, brick in the outer course tank lining of the bottom zone, and the opposing side surface 55 is contiguous with a plurality of end surfaces 68 of brick in the inner course tank lining of the bottom zone.
  • the above construction provides thrust support for both the shell and the barrel brick courses, and provides greater stability of the bottom zone brick courses. Further, the knuckle area brick, owing to their disposition, are placed in compression. Accordingly, the brick are not readily subject to shear stresses, as previously employed key brick,
  • an oxygen converter vessel comprising a metal shell having a mouth at its top, a shell protective lining in contact with the inside surface thereof and a working lining, said vessel being composed of three major zones, the bottom zone, the barrel zone and the cone section zone, the bottom zone being generally dish-shaped and of upwardly opening concave configuration, the brick in said zone terminating in a knuckle area, said knuckle area being characterized by a curvature in the shell bridging the bottom and barrel zones, the barrel zone extending from the knuckle area upwardly to the cone section zone, the cone section zone being of downwardly opening truncated cross section configuration, the improvement comprising a shell protective lining kunckle area construction consisting of, seven-sided brick, one of the sides being arcuate in vertical cross-section, and single end skew brick having a side which is arcuate in vertical cross-section, said sevensided and skew brick being disposed so that the arcuate sides thereof are in alignment to form a common curve and are
  • an oxygen converter vessel comprising a metal shell having a mouth at its top, a shell protective lining in contact with the inside surface thereof and a working lining, said vessel being composed of three major zones, the bottom zone, the barrel zone and the cone section zone, the bottom zone being generally dish-shaped and of upwardly opening concave configuration, the brick in said zone terminating in a knuckle area, said knuckle area being characterized by a curvature in the shell bridging the bottom and barrel zones, the barrel zone extending from the knuckle area upwardly to the cone section zone, the cone section zone being of downwardly opening truncated cross section configuration, the improvement comprising a shell protective lining knuckle area construction consisting of, first brick characterized by having congruent face surfaces and a plurality of incongruent side surfaces, one of the side surfaces being arcuate in vertical cross-section and second brick having a skew end surface and a surface which is arcuate in vertical cross section, said first and second brick being a
  • said latter brick being contiguous with a side surface of said first brick which intersects the arcuate side thereof.
  • an oxygen converter vessel comprising a metal shell having a mouth at its top, a shell protective lining in contact with the inside surface thereof and a working lining, said vessel being composed of three major zones, the bottom zone, the barrel zone and the cone section zone, the three zones containing refractory brick having generally face, side and end surfaces, the bottom zone being generally dish-shaped and of upwardly opening concave configuration, the brick in said zone terminating in a knuckle area with their face surfaces inclined from the vertical axis of the vessel, said knuckle area being characterized by a curvature in the shell bridging the bottom and barrel zones, the barrel zone extending from the knuckle area upwardly to the cone section zone, the face surfaces of the brick in said zone being substantially normal to the vertical axis of the vessel, the cone section zone being of downwardly opening truncated cross section configuration, the improvement comprising a shell protective lining knuckle area construction consisting of seven-sided brick, one of the sides being arcuate in vertical cross
  • an oxygen converter vessel comprising a metal shell having a mouth at its top, a shell protective lining in contact with the inside surface thereof and a working lining, said vessel being composed of three, major zones, the bottom zone, the barrel zone and the cone section zone, the three zones containing refractory brick having generally face, side and end surfaces, the bottom zone being generally dish-shaped and of upwardly opening concave configuration, the brick in said zone terminating in a knuckle area, with their face surfaces inclined from the vertical axis of the vessel, said knuckle area being characterized by a curvature in the shell bridging the bottom and barrel zone, the barrel zone extending from the knuckle area upwardly to the cone section zone, the face surfaces of the brick in said zone being substantially normal to the vertical axis of the vessel, the cone section zone being of downwardly opening truncated cross section configuration, the improvement comprising a shell protec* tive lining knuckle area construction consisting of first brick having a key taper,
  • At least a pair of refractory shapes suitable for use as a portion of a refractory lining in a basic oxygen vessel adjacent the are at its bottom, one of said pair of shapes being seven-sided, at least one of the sides being arcuate in vertical cross-section, the other of said pair being a single skew end shape also having an arcuate side in vertical cross-section, said pair being disposed so that the arcuate sides are in alignment to form a common curve and the skew end of the latter shape is contiguous with a side of said seven-sided shape which intersects the arcuate side thereof.
  • a refractory construction suitable for use in the knuckle area of an oxygen converter vessel, having a refractory Working lining and tank lining, said knuckle area being characterized as the arcuate area in the vessel where the horizontal faced brick in the barrel zone adjacent the metal shell converge toward the inclined faced brick in the bottom zone adjacent the shell at the curvature in the metal shell and in which at least one interior course of inclined faced brick extends closer to the horizontal brick than exterior courses adjacent the shell, said construction being composed of preformed refractory having an arcuate surface conforming to the curvature in the metal shell, an upper surface forming a common corner with the arcuate surface for contiguous mating with the horizontal faced brick in the barrel zone, a lower side surface for contiguous mating With the interior extending inclined faced brick in the bottom zone, a lower side surface for contiguous mating with the exterior inclined faced brick in the bottom zone, a side surface for supporting a portion of the interior extending brick and a side surface for supporting a portion of the working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
US480346A 1965-08-17 1965-08-17 Basic oxygen furnace construction Expired - Lifetime US3358987A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US480346A US3358987A (en) 1965-08-17 1965-08-17 Basic oxygen furnace construction
ES0330023A ES330023A1 (es) 1965-08-17 1966-08-08 Mejoras en recipientes convertidores de oxigeno.
GB36612/66A GB1110348A (en) 1965-08-17 1966-08-16 Basic oxygen converter vessel
NL6611553A NL6611553A (xx) 1965-08-17 1966-08-17

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US480346A US3358987A (en) 1965-08-17 1965-08-17 Basic oxygen furnace construction

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US3358987A true US3358987A (en) 1967-12-19

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US (1) US3358987A (xx)
ES (1) ES330023A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1110348A (xx)
NL (1) NL6611553A (xx)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1833712A (en) * 1925-08-20 1931-11-24 Carborundum Co Method of operating furnaces
US1970209A (en) * 1932-09-13 1934-08-14 St Joseph Lead Co Furnace structure
US2021424A (en) * 1935-01-31 1935-11-19 American Manganese Steel Co Electrode furnace roof
US3196504A (en) * 1962-02-27 1965-07-27 Republic Steel Corp Cast nozzle inserts
US3272490A (en) * 1963-09-25 1966-09-13 Corhart Refractories Co Steelmaking furnace
US3281137A (en) * 1963-09-26 1966-10-25 Corhart Refractories Co Refractory and furnace lining

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1833712A (en) * 1925-08-20 1931-11-24 Carborundum Co Method of operating furnaces
US1970209A (en) * 1932-09-13 1934-08-14 St Joseph Lead Co Furnace structure
US2021424A (en) * 1935-01-31 1935-11-19 American Manganese Steel Co Electrode furnace roof
US3196504A (en) * 1962-02-27 1965-07-27 Republic Steel Corp Cast nozzle inserts
US3272490A (en) * 1963-09-25 1966-09-13 Corhart Refractories Co Steelmaking furnace
US3281137A (en) * 1963-09-26 1966-10-25 Corhart Refractories Co Refractory and furnace lining

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6611553A (xx) 1967-02-20
ES330023A1 (es) 1967-06-16
GB1110348A (en) 1968-04-18

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