US3357825A - Production of metals - Google Patents
Production of metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3357825A US3357825A US424802A US42480265A US3357825A US 3357825 A US3357825 A US 3357825A US 424802 A US424802 A US 424802A US 42480265 A US42480265 A US 42480265A US 3357825 A US3357825 A US 3357825A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- platinum
- metals
- alloys
- yttrium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000923 precious metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/04—Alloys based on a platinum group metal
Definitions
- the principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved platinum group metal alloy having increased recrystallization temperature and increased resistance to grain growth at elevated temperatures.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an improved alloy of the platinum group metals having improved grain structure and creep resistance.
- the invention accordingly comprises the products possessing the features, properties, and the relation of components and the process involving the several steps and the relation and order of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.
- grain growth in the platinum group metals, platinum, palladium, iridium and rhodium has been substantially inhibited by the addition of small, but effective, quantities of yttrium.
- the yttrium is added as pure metal, preferably in an amount less than 1% of yttrium. When percentages are used in the specification, weight percent is intended.
- Example 1 A series of platinum alloys was prepared from high purity oxygen-free platinum. The alloys were prepared by are melting 10 gram buttons containing the indicated weight percent of yttrium. Each alloy was melted three times and turned top to bottom for each melting. Compositions, fabrication and annealing schedules are given below in Table I.
- Pt0.05Y- do 750 1, 000 1,250 1, 500 Pt-0.2Y d0 750 1, 000 1,250 1, 500 Pt-lY d0 1, 250 l, 500
- Example 2 A similar series of palladium alloys was made. In this case high purity palladium powder was employed. The details are set forth in Table II.
- Example 4 Two alloys were made; one of pure rhodium and the other containing .1 weight percent yttrium added to rhodium and annealed at several temperatures,
- Alloy I 750 I 800 1 R means recrystallized; NR means not recrystallized; numbers are AS'IM grain size numbers.
- Pt-13Rh 4-5 1 1 Pt-13Rh-0.2Y 7 5 4 A substantial grain refinement is achieved by use of small quantities of yttrium in platinum and other precious metals and alloys. These greatly increase the utility of such precious metals and alloys for high temperature use.
- a wrought platinum alloy having a fine grain structure and being resistant to grain coarsening upon annealing, said alloy consisting essentially of platinum and between about .05 and about .2 weight percent yttrium, said alloy being essentially free of oxygen.
- a wrought precious metal alloy having a fine grain structure and being resistant to grain coarsening upon annealing, said alloy consisting essentially of latinum and about 13 Weight percent of one of the precious metals palladium, iridium and rhodium and between about .05 and about .2 weight percent yttrium, said alloy being essentially free of oxygen.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,357,825 PRODUCTION OF METALS Richard W. Douglass, Needham, Mass., assignor to National Research Corporation, Cambridge, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts No Drawing. Filed Jan. 11, 1965, Ser. No. 424,802
. 2 Claims. (Cl. 75-172) This application relates to the production of metals and more particularly to metals of the platinum group, e.g. platinum, rhodium, palladium and iridium and their alloys.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved platinum group metal alloy having increased recrystallization temperature and increased resistance to grain growth at elevated temperatures.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved alloy of the platinum group metals having improved grain structure and creep resistance.
Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter.
The invention accordingly comprises the products possessing the features, properties, and the relation of components and the process involving the several steps and the relation and order of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.
Platinum group metals and alloys thereof have been utilized in certain high temperature systems Where their inertness has been unmatched by other alloys. However, a serious problem with such precious metals has been the tendency of such alloys to recrystallize and undergo substantial grain growth, at elevated temperatures. When thin sections are involved, grain growth can be extremely detrimental to the mechanical strength of the precious metal structure. This is particularly true when the growth is sufiicient to extend completely across the structural section and rupture along the grain boundary is most apt to occur.
In accordance with this invention, grain growth in the platinum group metals, platinum, palladium, iridium and rhodium has been substantially inhibited by the addition of small, but effective, quantities of yttrium. The yttrium is added as pure metal, preferably in an amount less than 1% of yttrium. When percentages are used in the specification, weight percent is intended.
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference should be had to the following nonlimiting examples:
Example 1 A series of platinum alloys was prepared from high purity oxygen-free platinum. The alloys were prepared by are melting 10 gram buttons containing the indicated weight percent of yttrium. Each alloy was melted three times and turned top to bottom for each melting. Compositions, fabrication and annealing schedules are given below in Table I.
TABLE I Alloy Fabrication Procedure One Hour Annealing and Result Temperatures, 0.
Platinum. Cold rolled to 0.020 750 1, 000 1, 250 1, 500
sheet, excellent.
Pt0.05Y- do 750 1, 000 1,250 1, 500 Pt-0.2Y d0 750 1, 000 1,250 1, 500 Pt-lY d0 1, 250 l, 500
1 This is used to describe the quality of the finished sheet and to indicate that iabricability was not impaired by processing and/or alloying.
Example 2 A similar series of palladium alloys was made. In this case high purity palladium powder was employed. The details are set forth in Table II.
Similar alloys were made using iridium and .2 weight percent yttrium and annealed at various temperatures.
Example 4 Two alloys were made; one of pure rhodium and the other containing .1 weight percent yttrium added to rhodium and annealed at several temperatures,
The above series of alloys, Examples 14, were tested and the rnicrostructure was examined after annealing at specified temperatures. The results are given in Table III below.
TABLE III [Microstructure after annealing at indicated temperature, (3.
Alloy I 750 I 800 1 R means recrystallized; NR means not recrystallized; numbers are AS'IM grain size numbers.
3 Example 5 Table IV ASTM Grain Size after Annealing at the Indicated Temperature 1,200" c. 1,300 C. 1,400 C.
Pt-13Rh 4-5 1 1 Pt-13Rh-0.2Y 7 5 4 A substantial grain refinement is achieved by use of small quantities of yttrium in platinum and other precious metals and alloys. These greatly increase the utility of such precious metals and alloys for high temperature use.
Since certain changes may be made in the above product without departing from the scope of the invention herein involved, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
What is claimed is:
1. A wrought platinum alloy having a fine grain structure and being resistant to grain coarsening upon annealing, said alloy consisting essentially of platinum and between about .05 and about .2 weight percent yttrium, said alloy being essentially free of oxygen.
2. A wrought precious metal alloy having a fine grain structure and being resistant to grain coarsening upon annealing, said alloy consisting essentially of latinum and about 13 Weight percent of one of the precious metals palladium, iridium and rhodium and between about .05 and about .2 weight percent yttrium, said alloy being essentially free of oxygen.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 7/ 1965 Betteridge et al 172 OTHER REFERENCES DAVID L. RECK, Primary Examiner.
H. F. SAITO, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A WROUGHT PLATINUM ALLOY HAVING A FINE GRAIN STRUCTURE AND BEING RESISTANT TO GRAIN COARSENING UPON ANNEALING, SAID ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF PLATINUM AND BETWEEN ABOUT .05 AND ABOUT .2 WEIGHT PERCENT YTTRIUM, SAID ALLOY BEING ESSENTIALLY FREE OF OXYGEN.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US424802A US3357825A (en) | 1965-01-11 | 1965-01-11 | Production of metals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US424802A US3357825A (en) | 1965-01-11 | 1965-01-11 | Production of metals |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3357825A true US3357825A (en) | 1967-12-12 |
Family
ID=23683925
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US424802A Expired - Lifetime US3357825A (en) | 1965-01-11 | 1965-01-11 | Production of metals |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3357825A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS51139521A (en) * | 1975-05-28 | 1976-12-01 | Ishifuku Kinzoku Kogyo Kk | Heat resistant pt-alloy |
US4165983A (en) * | 1977-02-23 | 1979-08-28 | Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited | Jewelry alloys |
US20090218647A1 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-09-03 | Ev Products, Inc. | Semiconductor Radiation Detector With Thin Film Platinum Alloyed Electrode |
CN104988348A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-10-21 | 安徽捷澳电子有限公司 | Ultra-fine platinum-rhodium flat wire and fabrication method thereof |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3194657A (en) * | 1963-03-13 | 1965-07-13 | Int Nickel Co | Process for making workable ruthenium and product thereof |
-
1965
- 1965-01-11 US US424802A patent/US3357825A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3194657A (en) * | 1963-03-13 | 1965-07-13 | Int Nickel Co | Process for making workable ruthenium and product thereof |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS51139521A (en) * | 1975-05-28 | 1976-12-01 | Ishifuku Kinzoku Kogyo Kk | Heat resistant pt-alloy |
US4165983A (en) * | 1977-02-23 | 1979-08-28 | Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited | Jewelry alloys |
US20090218647A1 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2009-09-03 | Ev Products, Inc. | Semiconductor Radiation Detector With Thin Film Platinum Alloyed Electrode |
US8896075B2 (en) | 2008-01-23 | 2014-11-25 | Ev Products, Inc. | Semiconductor radiation detector with thin film platinum alloyed electrode |
CN104988348A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-10-21 | 安徽捷澳电子有限公司 | Ultra-fine platinum-rhodium flat wire and fabrication method thereof |
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