US3352241A - Projectile impact fuze - Google Patents

Projectile impact fuze Download PDF

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Publication number
US3352241A
US3352241A US534901A US53490166A US3352241A US 3352241 A US3352241 A US 3352241A US 534901 A US534901 A US 534901A US 53490166 A US53490166 A US 53490166A US 3352241 A US3352241 A US 3352241A
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United States
Prior art keywords
spring
members
hood
fuse
rack
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Expired - Lifetime
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US534901A
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English (en)
Inventor
Combourieux Andre
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Industrial-Holding-Establishment
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Industrial-Holding-Establishment
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/18—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
    • F42C15/184—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a slidable carrier
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/18—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/02—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means
    • F42C9/04—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/02—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means
    • F42C9/04—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor
    • F42C9/041—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor the clockwork activating a security device, e.g. for unlocking the firing-pin
    • F42C9/043—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor the clockwork activating a security device, e.g. for unlocking the firing-pin and the firing-pin being activated by impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/02—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means
    • F42C9/04—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor
    • F42C9/048—Unlocking of clockwork mechanisms, e.g. by inertia or centrifugal forces; Means for disconnecting the clockwork mechanism from the setting mechanism

Definitions

  • the present invention has for object a projectile fuse, of the type operating upon impact and comprising tra-jectory safety means including a balance-bar actuated by a spring, to control the arming of the fuse, locking means to prevent the operation of the balance-bar before firing, and fire conditioning means, actuated by the gunner and controlling the locking means.
  • This fuse is characterized in that the actuating spring or springs of the balance-bar are disposed between two members movable the one relative to the other during the re conditioning operation, these -members being shaped to bring about the tightening of this spring during this operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a view thereof in axial section 1 1 of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 2 is a view in cross section along 2 2 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a View in cross section along 3 3 of FIG. 1 showing the members in the safety position.
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3, but showing the members in the so-called instantaneous position.
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 3, but showing the members in a so-called delay-action position.
  • FIG. 6 is a view in partial section along 6 6 of FIG. 7, on a larger scale, showing the balance-bar and escapement device.
  • FIG. 7 is a plan View corresponding to FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 1, but showing the members in the operating position which they occupy after firing and after arming.
  • FIG. 9 is a view in partial section corresponding to FIG. 1, showing certain members in the so-called safety position.
  • FIG. 10 is a view in cross section corresponding to FIG. 9 and along 10 1tl of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1l is a View similar to FIG. 9, but showing the same members in the so-called delay-action position.
  • FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 10 and corresponding to FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 9, but showing the position occupied by the same members after arming the fuse.
  • FIG. 14 is a view similar to FIG. 10, but corresponding to FIG. 13.
  • FIG. l5 is a view similar to FIG. 10, but relating to an alternative form of construction.
  • FIG. 16 is a View in axial section of the second embodiment, which differs from the first in that the safety of the trajectory is provided for at will with a long or short period.
  • FIG. 17 is a view in partial longitudinal section corresponding to FIG. 1'6 and showing certain members in the safety position.
  • FIG. 18 is a View in cross section corresponding to FIG. 17.
  • FIG. 19 is a View corresponding to FIG. 17, but showing the same members in the operative position corresponding to the long period for the safety of the trajectory.
  • FIG. 20 is a View similar to FIG. 18, but correspondin-g to FIG. 19.
  • FIG. Z1 is a view similar to FIG. 19, but showing the members in the position which they occupy after arming the fuse corresponding to the long period for the safety of the trajectory.
  • FIG. 22 is a view in cross section similar to FIG. 20, but corresponding to FIG. 21.
  • FIG. 23 is a View similar to FIG. 19, but showing the members in the operative position corresponding to the short period for the safety of the trajectory.
  • FIG. 24 is a view similar to FIG. 20, but corresponding to FIG. 2,3.
  • the fuse shown comprises a body 1 on which is rotatably mounted a hood 2 itself provided with a cap 3.
  • a seal joint 4 is provided between the body 1 and the hood 2.
  • the axial immobilisation of the hood relative to the body is effected due to a slit elastic ring 5 disposed in two complementary grooves made, the one at 6 in the Ibody 1 and the other opposite at 7 in the hood 2.
  • This elastic ring is normally ⁇ contracted so as to be entirely in the groove 6.
  • a pointed screw 8 disposed in a corresponding threaded hole of the hood 2 is provided to separate one from the other the two ends of this ring when one firmly screws the screw 8 in its hole.
  • the spacing apart of the ring has for effect to expand the latter and to bring it into the position shown in FIG. 1 (on the right) where it is seen that this ring is partly engaged in the two circular grooves 6 and 7, which prevents any relative axial movement of 1 and 2 while leaving the hood free to rotate relative to the body.
  • a primer-holder rack 12 ensures the interruption, as will be seen later on, of the pyrotechnical chain by means of Which firing takes place.
  • a radial hole 13 made in the body 1 is opposite to a solid part of the hood 2.
  • the ball 1S is partly engaged in a notch 16 of a rod 1'7 parallel to the axis of the fuse.
  • This rod is provided to slide in a conduit 18 made in the frame 19 of a safety device which will be described further on.
  • the lower end of this rod 17, which is hollow, is engaged in a socket 201 itself disposed in a housing of the body 1.
  • a compression spring 21 is disposed inside the socket 2t) and operates upwardly Vin FIG. 1, on the rod 17. So long as the balls 14 and 1S are in the position shown in FIG. 1, the rod 17 is immobilized. In this safety position, the rod 17 immobilizes the striker bolt 10, that is to say prevents it from rotating about its pivoting axis 22 (FIG. 2).
  • a ball 23 is partly engaged in a housing 24 of the lower face of the bolt 16 ⁇ and partly in a hole parallel to the axis of the fuse and made in the upper part 26 of the frame 19.
  • This frame 19, 26 is in two parts for reasons of mounting.
  • This ball is held in the position shown in FIG. 1 by a rod 27 disposed in the hole 26 to slide therein.
  • the lower end of this r-od abuts against the primer-holder rack 12 when the members are in th: position according to FIG. 1.
  • a lug 32 is fixed in the body 1 and is opposite a milling 33 made in the hood 2. In the safety position, this lug is between the two ends of the milling whereas in the instantaneous position it abuts against one of these ends and in the delay-action position, against the other end.
  • the selection of one of the two operating positions, delay-action and instantaneous may be effected without the help of the eyes.
  • the rod 17 Upon firing, through inertia, the rod 17 passes from the position according to FIG. 1 to the position of FIG. 8, by compressing its spring 21. As soon as this position is reached, a blade-spring 35 lixed in a manner not shown on a part of the frame of the mechanism slackens and passes from the position according to FIG. l to that according to FIG. 8, where its free end places itself opposite the upper end of the rod 17. From this moment, this spring 35 prevents the rod 17 from obeying the action of the spring 21. This rod is thus immobilized in the lower position.
  • the priming 41 of the latter is in the axis of the fuse and, as from that moment, the different elements of the pyrotechnical chain 39 or 31, 41 and a relay 53 of a detonator 54 (FIG. S) are in a line and firing may occur.
  • the rear end 48 of the latter has passed in front of the lower end of the rod 27, so that this rod is no longer blocked in the position according to FIG. 1.
  • a torsion spring not shown, acting on the bolt of the striker 10 this bolt starts to rotate, which forces the ball 23 and the rod 27 downwardly since nothing any longer holds back this rod.
  • the striker As soon as the bolt ofthe striker has released the striker, the latter is able to bring about firing at the moment when the projectile meets an obstacle.
  • the operation of the striker may be carried out in two ways: either by percussion of the central part 49 of the cap 3 which crashes causing the driving back of the striker downwardly in FIG. 1, or simply by inertia, if the projectile hits an obstacle in a skimming way and in this latter case, at the moment of braking or stopping of the projectile, through inertia, the primer-holder barrel 11 is projected forwards and the priming 30 or 31 which is in the axial position strikes the point of the striker. At 50 is seen the spring which normally maintains the striker in the rest position.
  • trajectory safety means including a balance-bar actuated by a spring and regulating the speed of radial movement of a primerholder rack, this adjustment being etfected through the agency of an escapement.
  • These trajectory safety means moreover comprise rst locking means (rod 17) to prevent on the one hand the operation of the balance-bar before firing and on the other hand the movement of the striker bolt. Additional locking means shown by the rod 27 and the ball 25 are provided so as completely to release the striker only after a certain movement of the rack.
  • the spring 39 for actuating the balance-bar is a exion spring of general V-shape with unequal legs open in the free position and which are brought to close at least partly when tensioned. Calculation and experience show that such a spring has, as compared with the usual coil spring, the advantage of much less bulkiness, the force being the same. It will be noted, in considering FIGS. 9 to 14, that the spring 39 is disposed between two members (12 and 2) movable one relative to the other during the work conditioning operation which consists in rotating the hood relative to the body I and that the members are shaped, as already seen, to cause tensioning of this spring during this operation. The spring is therefore in the free state so long as the fuse is stocked and can therefore not sustain any fatigue.
  • the embodiment described comprises so-called antisabotage means.
  • sabotage is to be understood a fuse rendered voluntarily dangerous either during manipulations of the fuse, or during its transport, or again when the shot is fired, without anything being visible from the outside of the fuse.
  • the sabotage Will consist in bringing about surreptitiously the arrival of the primer-holder rack 12 in the position corresponding to the arming of the fuse, that is to say in the position shown in FIG. 13, and for which the elements of the pyrotechnical chain are all in line, of course without rotating the hood 2 relative to the body 1, thus apparently leaving the members visible from the exterior in the safety position.
  • the anti-sabotage means here provided consist of a pin 58 in the right hand end in FIG.
  • a compression spring 59 disposed in a hole 59 of this rack constantly urges the pin 5S to project outwardly of this rack as is seen in FIG. 1.
  • a hole 60 is provided in the part of the body 1 which is opposite the pin 58 when the fuse members are in the safety position. This hole 60 has a diameter just sutiicient to allow the pin S8 to pass therethrough.
  • the hood 2 of the fuse extends lower than the spot where the hole 60 is to be found and it presents opposite this hole (always when the members are in the safety position) a radial hole 61 having a thread 51 in which is screwed a plug 52. If by a sabotage operation, someone succeeds in causing movement of the rack 12 to the right in FIG. l without rotating the hood 2 relative to the body 1, the result will be that the pin 58 the existence of which is supposed to be ignored by the saboteur, passes through the hole 60 and engages partly in the hole 61. From this moment, the hood 2 is completely immobilized relative to the body 1 and it is no longer possible for the gunner to act on this hood so as to bring the members into the fire preparation position. His attention is thus drawn to the fact that something is not in order and the fuse is put aside.
  • the primer-holder rack is provided to move at two different speeds, at will, thus permitting of realizing a safety in the trajectory with a long period or with a short period, at will.
  • the rotation of the hood 2 relative to the body 1 thus no longer here functions to rotate a primer-holder barrel, but must permit of bringing the members either in a long period position, or in a short period position for the safety of the trajectory, as will be seen later on.
  • the relative rotation of the hood 2 and of the body 1 permits, as in the first embodiment, the release of the rod 17 by movement outwardly of the balls 14 and 15 as in the rst example.
  • this rod 17 no longer serves, here, to immobilize a striker bolt, because such a bolt no longer exists.
  • the recoil spring 35 for the rod 17 in the lower position when it has reached this position, is here replaced by a blade spring 67 which has the same function.
  • the rod 17 thus merely serves to immobilize the balance-bar 37 so long as the members are in the safety position.
  • its notch 36 leaves a free passage for the balance-bar in order to permit it to oscillate.
  • the striker 9 is opposite a hole 68 provided in the rack 12 to allow the striker 9 to fall when the shot is tired without risk of damage to it.
  • the priming 41 carried by the rack 12 will preferably be a priming ensuring the instantaneous explosion upon impact. One could if necessary provide that this primingY produce the explosion after a certain delay.
  • the spring 39 of the first embodiment is here replaced by 'a different spring 69 which also is V-shaped with unequal legs but which differs in that the short leg includes two outer parts 70 more open than the middle part 71 comprised between the two parts 70.
  • the tensioning of the spring 69 there is provided in the hood 2 a hollowing 72 of a shape dierent to the hollowing 55 (FIG. 10).
  • the hollowing 72 instead of having two symmetrical sides, the hollowing 72 has on one side an incline 73 similar to 56 and on the other side a shorter incline 74 prolonged by a cylindrical part 75 of greater diameter than the inner diameter of the hood 2 where the incline 73 ends.
  • this part 75 is such that when one rotates the hood relative to the body 1 in order to cause the members to pass from the position according to FIG. 18 to the position according to FIG. 20, alone the two parts 70 of the spring 69 are deformed, the middle part 71 not being subjected to the action of the incline 74 of the part 75.
  • the spring is still more deformed because not only the parts 70, but also the middle part 71 submit to the action of the final part 'of the incline 73.
  • the spring is less strongly wound up than in the case of FIG. 23.
  • FIGURES 17 and 18 correspond to the position of the members in the safety position
  • FIGS. 19 and 2O correspond to the arming of the spring 39 in the case of the safety of the trajectory with a long period
  • FIGS. 23 and 24 correspond to the arming of the spring 39 for the safety of the trajectory with a short period
  • FIGS. 21 and 22 show the position of the spring 39 and of the rack, at the end of the travel of the latter, when the priming 41 is in line with 53.
  • FIGS. 21 and 22 correspond in fact to the arrival at the end of travel of the rack in the case of a long period operation.
  • the nal shape of the spring would be slightly different (greater residual tension) if one had to do with the final position of the rack during the short period operation.
  • the spring according to FIGS. 16 to 24 could, in a modified form, be replaced by the two V-shaped springs having different characteristics.
  • the springs 39 and 69 described have considerable advantages over and above the springs usually employed in fuses, the invention is not limited to the case of such V-shaped springs, the main idea of the invention being the tensioning of the driving spring during the fire conditioning operation.
  • Projectile impact fuze having trajectory safety means comprising a balance bar, a spring for actuating said balance bar to control the arming of the fuze, locking means to prevent operation of said balance-bar before fit) f u tiring, manually operated fire conditioning means controlling said locking means, two members movable relative to one another, before firing of the fuze, during the operation of said fire conditioning means, said spring being disposed between said members and said members tensioning said spring during said operation of said fire conditioning means.
  • a fuze as set forth in claim 1 comprising a body, a hood, and one of said members having at the point where it cooperates with said spring an incline to tension said spring by a relative rotation of said body and said hood.
  • a fuze as set forth in claim 1 wherein said spring is of V-shape having unequal legs which are open in the untensioned position and which close partly when tensioned.
  • a fuze as set forth in claim 2 wherein to tension said spring at least two different inclines are provided causing different tensionings of said spring, each of said inclines acting on said spring due to a different relative rotation of said body and said hood.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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US534901A 1965-03-18 1966-03-16 Projectile impact fuze Expired - Lifetime US3352241A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH382065A CH419909A (fr) 1965-03-18 1965-03-18 Fusée de projectile

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US3352241A true US3352241A (en) 1967-11-14

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US534901A Expired - Lifetime US3352241A (en) 1965-03-18 1966-03-16 Projectile impact fuze

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US (1) US3352241A (en))
BE (1) BE677953A (en))
CH (1) CH419909A (en))
DE (1) DE1578479B1 (en))
GB (1) GB1110685A (en))
IL (1) IL25401A (en))

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3618522A (en) * 1969-09-29 1971-11-09 Hamilton Watch Co Dual safety grenade fuze
US3945324A (en) * 1970-02-12 1976-03-23 The State Of Israel Ministry Of Defence Hakirya Projectile fuse
FR2425050A1 (fr) * 1978-03-06 1979-11-30 Jaz Sa Dispositif retardateur chronometrique pour chaine pyrotechnique
US4741270A (en) * 1985-07-12 1988-05-03 Mefina S.A. Fuse for projectile
US4779533A (en) * 1986-11-15 1988-10-25 Gebruder Junghans Gmbh Apparatus for setting the ignition timing in projectile fuses
US20090260533A1 (en) * 2008-02-26 2009-10-22 Junghans Microtec Gmbh Fuse for a projectile

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1982001244A1 (en) * 1980-10-06 1982-04-15 Scania Ab Saab Detonator safety device

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2863393A (en) * 1955-06-09 1958-12-09 Eugene N Sheeley Safety and arming mechanism

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2863393A (en) * 1955-06-09 1958-12-09 Eugene N Sheeley Safety and arming mechanism

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3618522A (en) * 1969-09-29 1971-11-09 Hamilton Watch Co Dual safety grenade fuze
US3945324A (en) * 1970-02-12 1976-03-23 The State Of Israel Ministry Of Defence Hakirya Projectile fuse
FR2425050A1 (fr) * 1978-03-06 1979-11-30 Jaz Sa Dispositif retardateur chronometrique pour chaine pyrotechnique
US4741270A (en) * 1985-07-12 1988-05-03 Mefina S.A. Fuse for projectile
US4779533A (en) * 1986-11-15 1988-10-25 Gebruder Junghans Gmbh Apparatus for setting the ignition timing in projectile fuses
US20090260533A1 (en) * 2008-02-26 2009-10-22 Junghans Microtec Gmbh Fuse for a projectile

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GB1110685A (en) 1968-04-24
DE1578479B1 (de) 1970-10-15
BE677953A (en)) 1966-09-01
IL25401A (en) 1971-01-28
CH419909A (fr) 1966-08-31

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