US3349952A

US3349952A - Reinforcement structure for shipping containers made of light gauge steel or the like

Info

Publication number: US3349952A
Application number: US547259A
Authority: US
Inventors: Bijvoet Leonardus Arn Nicolaas
Original assignee: Inland Steel Co
Current assignee: Inland Steel Co
Priority date: 1963-01-08
Filing date: 1966-05-03
Publication date: 1967-10-31
Anticipated expiration: 1984-10-31
Also published as: GB961802A; MY6500186A; NL142643B

Description

Oct. 31, 1967 L- A. N. BIJVOET 3,349,952

REINFORCEMENT STRUCTURE FOR SHIPPING CONTAINERS M Oct. 31, 1967 l.. A. N. BlJvoET 3,349,952

REINF'ORCEMENT STRUCTURE FOR SHIPPING CONTAINERS MADE OF LIGHT GAUGE STEEL OR THE LIKE Filed May 5, 1966 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent O 3,349,952 RErNFoRCEMENT STRUCTURE FOR SHIPPING CNTAINERS MADE OF LIGHT GAUGE STEEL R THE LIKE 11 Claims. (Cl. 220-67) The present application is a continuation-in-part application based on the copending application of Leonardus Arnoldus Nicolaas Bijvoet, Serial No. 336,454, filed January 8, 1964, now abandoned.

The present invention relates to containers and, more particularly, to an improved end connection suitable for use in securing the end and side walls of a .shipping container together. In its principal aspects, the invention is concernedwith an improved reinforcement structure for strengthening and protecting the chime area of a lightweight metallic shipping container, and for supporting the weakest area of the container end wall, particularly the bottom end wall.

There has been a perennial problem in the shipping container industry of providing an end connection between a container side Wall and end wall which has sufficient strength to withstand the rigors of transportation, storage and handling. Generally,` containers fabricated from sheet metal, for example, steel, comprise a side wall and a flanged end member with the flange and side wall being curled together or otherwise formed into a seamed connection commonly known as a chime Such a chime, or similar seamed connection is subject to weakening, failure, or other damage, particularly when the container is rolled on its chime or is dropped on its chime.

In an effort to reinforce the seamed connection, it has heretofore been the practice to provide an annular meta1- lic reinforcing ring which at least partially envelopes the seam or chime, thus protecting and strengthening the latter. Such a ring is conventionally provided with an inturned annular portion adapted to engage and snugly conform to the outer peripheral portion of the container end member. However, it has been found that this type of construction does not provide `a satisfactory solution to the problem. Indeed, while, the reinforcing ring of such conventional containers does serve to strengthen the chime area, it also serves to increase the likelihood of fracture or other damage to the end member itself. For example, when a filled container is standing upright, particularly one filled with liquid, the weight of the contents will cause the container bottom or end member to sag or bulge downwardly. When this occurs, the relatively stiff inner edge of the inturned annular portion of the reinforcing ring is in intimate contact with the sagging portion of the container bottom, thus concentrating stress in the container bottom at the inner edge of the ring. In addition, when there is an increase in the internal pressure of the filled container, such increase can cause both the top and the bottom to bulge outwardly, resulting in ,additional stress concentrations.

When the filled container is being transported from place to place, the container bottom is subjected to road vibrations and harmonics thereof. Under these conditions, fatigue failures occur in the region of stress concentrations which often result in fracture of the bottom material, thus leading to leakage and spoilage of the container contents. To a somewhat lesser extent, the container top can also be damaged in a similar way. Moreover, many times the containers will be shipped upside down, in which event the container top actually serves as a bottom Wall.

With the present day demand for more and more shipping containers formed of thinner or lighter gauge sheet metal, this problem has become a particularly Vexing one. Often in such containers, the problem manifests itself in failure of the end member.

It is a general aim of the present invention to provide an improved container end connection which overcomes all of the foregoing disadvantages, yet which is characterized by its simplicity and which retains all of the advantages of the conventional reinforcing ring struc tures.

A more specific object of the invention is to provide a novel container end connection and reinforcing ring therefor which permits of outward bulging of the container end members, yet where the inner marginal edge of the reinforcing ring is precluded from engaging the end member. As a result of elimination of the circular region of line contact between the end member and ring edge, the end member is free to flex as a result of vibrations without interference from the reinforcing ring, thus precluding or substantially minimizing the tendency to build up undesirable stress concentrations in the end member.

It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved container end connection which is less susceptible to damage resulting from rust occurring between the end member and the metallic reinforcing ring.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent :as the following description proceeds, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a shipping container here embodying the features of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged vertical sectional view of the lower left chime portion of the shipping container shown in FIG. 1, here depicting details of an eX- emplary reinforced end seam or chime which forms the bottom connection between the side wall and the bottom end wall of the container;

FIG. 3 is a `fragmentary enlarged vertical sectional view similar to FIG. 2, but here depicting the features of the present invention Ias embodied in the upper reinforced chime construction associated with the top of the container shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view on an er1- larged scale depicting one end, which may be either the bottom or top end, of the container shown in FIG. 1; and,

FIG. 5 is an exploded fragmentary sectional view here illustrating the separate components of the end connection shown in FIG. 3 prior to assembly thereof.

While the invention is susceptible of various modications and alternative forms, a specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the intention is to cover :all modifications, equivalents .and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

Referring now to the drawings, and with particular reference to FIGS. 1-3 conjointly, there is illustrated a fragmentary portion of :a shipping container, generally indicated at 10, which in the exemplary form of the invention comprises a 55-gallon lightweight steel drum. As here shown, the exemplary container 10 is provided with a beaded side wall 11, the upper and lower extremities of which are preferably unbeaded and generally cylindrical `as indicated at 12. A bottom member or end wall 14 (FIG. 2) is permanently joined to the lower unbeaded extremity 12 of the side wall 11 in a liquid-tight manner to form a conventional seam or chime, generally indicated at 15. The bottom chime 15 is here reinforced by means of an annular reinforcing ring 16 which at least partially envelopes the connection between the side Wall 11 and the bottom end member 14. Similarly, a top member or end wall 18 (FIG. 3), which is preferably identical to the bottom wall 14, is permanently joined to the upper unbeaded extremity 12 of the side wall 11 in the same manner to form a top chime, generally indicated at 19. A reinforcing ring 20, which here is identical to the ring 16, is applied to the top chime 19 for the purpose of reinforcing the latter.

As best shown in FIG. 5 (which is here represent-ative of the top seamed connection shown in FIG. 3, it being understood that FIG. 5 is also fully applicable to the bottom connection shown in FIG. 2), the upper unbeaded extremity 12 of the side wall 11 is provided with an outwardly extending radial flange 21 adjacent the extremity thereof. The end member 18 is provided with an upstanding circumferential flange 22 defining an outwardly directed recess 24, with the upper or free extremity blending smoothly into a radially extending flange 25. The reinforcing ring includes an upstanding circumferential flange portion 26 adapted to be positioned within the recess 24 in the end member 18 and to snugly engage the inner surface of the circumferential flange 22 of the latter. The upper end of the flange 26 is blended smoothly into an outwardly extending radial flange 28 adapted to overlie the flange 25 of the end member 18, while the lower end of the flange 26 is turned inwardly to form an annular flange portion 29 adapted to overlie the outer peripheral portion of the end member 18.

In assembly of the three basic components of the eX- emplary container 10, the top end member 18 is placed in the upper unbeaded extremity 12 of the container side wall 11 with the

flanges

22, 25 of the former snugly engaging respective ones of the side wall extremity 12 and its flange 21. The reinforcing ring 20 is then positioned in the recess 24 of the end member 18 with the

flanges

26, 28 of the for-mer snugly engaging the flanges 22, of the latter. The

flanges

28, 25 of the ring 20 and end member 18 respectively are then folded through an angle of 180 degrees so as to envelope the radially projecting edge of the flange 21 on the side wall 11. The resulting composite flange thus formed by the

foldedover flanges

25, 28 and the flange 21 are then bent downwardly into snug conformity with the outer surface of the unbeaded extremity 12 of the container side wall 11, thus forming the double fold seam or chime 19 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the chime 19 can be formed by any conventional machine or process such, for example, as by crimping, wheeling, turning, or simply by folding. Moreover, it will also be understood that the bottom seam or chime 15 (FIGS. 1 and 2) is formed in precisely the same manner.

In accordance with one of the important aspects of the present invention, provision is made for permitting flexure or outward bulging of the

end members

14, 18 while simultaneously precluding damage thereto which could otherwise result from engagement between the relatively sharp free edge 30 of the ring flange 29 and the outer surface of the

end members

14, 18. To accomplish this, the inner edge 30 of the annular ring flange 29 is bent or curved outwardly or away from the

end members

14, 18 as best indicated at 31 in FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively. As a consequence of this construction, the

end members

14, 18 may flex or be bulged outwardly to a considerable extent without the edge 30 of the reinforcing

rings

16, 20 engaging the material of the end members, thus eliminating any circular region of line Contact between the edge 30 and the adjacent end member. Therefore, the tendency for stress concentrations to build up in such region are minimized and, indeed, substantially eliminated. Rather, as the end member bulges outwardly it will simply progressively conform to the outwardly extending smoothly curved portion 31 of the annular flange 29.

In carrying out the present invention, it has been found that when dealing with relatively lightweight shipping containers-for example, a 55-gallon shipping drum made of 24 gauge metal as contrasted with the more conventional drums which are normally made of 18 gauge metal-the particular radii selected for forming the smoothly curved portion 31 of the reinforcing

rings

16, 20 and the complementary curved portions of the

end members

14, 18 are quite critical. Moreover, it has also been found in the practice of the present invention that the values of such radii bear a direct relation to the gauge of the material used in forming the end members, and such gauge, in turn, bears a direct relation to the size of the container, particularly the size as expressed in terms of the diameter of the container. For example, referring to FIGS. 2, 3 and 5 conjointly, it will be observed that the radius of curvature of the smooth fluent bend which connects the generally flat central portions of the

end members

14, 18 to the upstanding flange portions 22 thereof has been designated R1, such radius being an inside radius. This radius is commonly referred to in the art as the knuckle radius and it is this general region of the end member which is most susceptible to fatigue failures resulting from undesirable stress concentrations. Similarly, the flange 29 on the reinforcing

rings

16, 20 is entirely arcuate in cross section, having an outside radius of curvature designated at R2. The arrangement is such that the upstanding ring flange 26 is tangent with and blends smoothly into the curved flange 29 which lies on an arc having the radius of curvature R2. Preferably R2 is selected so that it is equal to R1i3%, thereby insuring that when the components are assembled in the manner previously described, the outer face of the curved flange 29 is in intimate face-to-face contact with the complementally curved surface of the

respective end members

14, 18 throughout an arc of approximately 90 degrees. However, in keeping with the important aspects of the invention, the flange 29, after it reaches the point of tangency with the generally flat central portion of the associated

end member

14, 18, continues to smoothly curve about the radius of curvature R2 towards its relatively sharp, peripherally innermost free edge 30, thus insuring that the flange 29 curves away from the

end members

14, 18 and the edge 30 is normally spaced therefrom.

4In the practice of the invention, it has been found that the radius R1 (and consequently the radius R2 which is substantially equal thereto) does bear a direct and critical relationship to the thickness or gauge G of the

end members

14, 18. For example, in order to achieve the requisite degree of support and reinforcement for the knuckle radius of the

end members

14, 18, it has been found that R2 (the outside radius of curvature for the curved flange 29) should fall within the range of 10 to 2O times the thickness G of the end member and, preferably, the radius R2 (and, therefore, radius R1) should be on the order of 14.4 times the thickness G of the

end members

14, 18. In a typical instance where the container 10 comprises a 55-gallon drum made of 24 gauge metal, since the thickness G is on the order of .025 inch, the radii R1 and R2 are preferably .360 inch.

The foregoing ranges and dimensions may be readily contrasted with conventional reinforced chime constructions Wherein the radius R1 is normally Within the range of 3 to 6 times the thickness G of the end member and,

generally, on the order of 4.6 times the thickness G. Thus, in a conventional 55-gallon drum which does not embody the features of the present invention, and where the thickness G is on the order of .050 inch (an end member formed of 18 gauge metal), the radii R1 and R2 would normally be on the order of only .230 inch. Typical instances of such conventional constructions are found in Italian Patent No. 474,589 issued to Marcel Defauw, and Bergen et al. U.S. Patent No. 2,810,492.

It has further been found in the practice of the present invention that the gauge or thickness G of the

end members

14, 18 also be-ars a mathematical relation to the diameter D of the container, it being understood that the diameter here referred to is the inside diameter of the shell from which the beaded side wall 11 is formed, as best depicited in FIGS. 1-3 and 5 where the diameter D is represented as the inside diameter of the unbeaded extremities 12 of the side wall 11. Thus, in carrying out the present invention, it has been found that the diameter D should generally fall within the range of 600 to 1200 times the thickness G of the

end members

14, 18 and, preferably, it should be on the order of 900 times the thickness G. Again, in the typical instance of a 55-gallon drum which has an inside shell diameter D of 22.5 inches, it is found that the thickness G of the

end members

14, 18 is preferably .025 inch or, stated in other terms, the gauge G is preferably 24 gauge. Thus, it will be apparent from the foregoing that the radii R1 and R2 will also bear a direct mathematical relation to the diameter D of the drum.

Again, the foregoing dimensions may be readily contrasted with conventional drum constructions which do not embody the features of the invention. Thus, in conventional 55-gallon drums having an inside shell diameter D of 22.5 inches, it is found that the diameter D is generally within the range of 250 to 500 times the thickness G of the end members, and normally about 450 times the thickness G. For example, in conventional drums having a diameter D on the order of 22.5 inches, the end members are normally made of 18 gauge metal having a thickness G of approximately .050 inch.

It will be appreciated from the foregoing that there has herein been described an improved reinforced end connection for use in lightweight metallic shipping containers wherein the particular configuration of the reinforcing ring 16, and the complementally curved portion of the

end wall

14, 18 is so selected that the reinforcing ring not only strengthens and protects the seamed connections or folded chimes 15, 19, but even more significantly, considerably greater support and reinforcement is provided in the region of the knuckle radius of the end member, the very region where such end members have traditionally been subject to fatigue failures. Moreover, since the inturned flange 29 of the reinforcing

rings

16, 20 is arcuate throughout its entire cross section and is extended beyond the point of tangency with the at central portion of the

end member

14, 18 so as to curve away therefrom, there is no localized region of circular line contact between the ange 29 (and particularly its sharp edge 30) and the end member itself, thus precluding the buildup of undesired stress concentrations in the weakest area of the end member. Indeed, even under adverse transportation conditions where the end members 14, 18 (particularly the bottom end member 14) are subjected to vibrations and harmonics thereof, the provision of a smoothly curved flange, such as shown at 31 in the drawings, permits ilexure and bulging of the end members without creating a localized region of circular line contact and, consequently, even under such adverse conditions there is still no buildup of stress concentrations sutiicient to promote failure of the end member due to metal fatigue in the knuckle radius area. Of course, while the invention has herein been illustrated and described as,v including smoothly curved reinforcing rings and complementally curved end members having arcuate cross sections lying on a circular arc, it will be understood that some minor deviations can be made from a purely circular -arc while still achieving a certain measure of the benefits of the invention. For example, the smoothly curved portions could be somewhat parabolic or hyperbolic in cross section provided that they are maintained smoothly curved throughout and as long as they fall within the general ranges as expressed above in terms of the degree of curvature, the gauge of the end members, and the diameter of the side wall.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that shipping containers of the type illustrated, particularly metallic containers, are generally painted, lacquered, or sprayed after assembly in order to protect the exposed exterior portions of the container from rust, corrosion, or attack by water or aggressive commodities. In a container embodying the features of the present invention, the edge 30 of the

annular ring

16, 20 is spaced outwardly from the outer surface of the

end member

14, 18 respectively, thus defining an annular crevice 32 therebetween. Therefore, when the container is treated, the lacquer or other coating may readily penetrate into the crevice 32 thus formed and, even where there exists a slight deformation in either the

end member

14, 18 or the flange 29, there will be no untreated or uncoated exposed container portion. With conventional containers, on the other hand, often the coating material cannot penetrate between the inturned annular ring flange and the end member because of the close contact therebetween and, if a slight deformation is present in either the ring or the end member, such deformity may not be coated and thus may constitute an exposed area subject to rusting or similar corrosive attack. Therefore, containers embodying the present invention possess the additional advantages of being less subject to rusting or the like while having a lasting neat appearance.

Of course, while the invention has herein been described in conjunction with a container 10 having a double-fold seam or chime 15, 19, it will be understood that the seam could comprise a single fold seam or any other seam construction suitable for establishing an end connection between a container side wall Vand end member.

I claim as my invention:

1. A shipping container comprising, in combination, a generally cylindrical side wall having a diameter D, closure means for said container including an end member secured to at least one extremity of said side Wall, said end member being formed of sheet metal having a gauge G, said end member including a generally flat central portion and an integral, circumferentially disposed upstanding flange surrounding said central portion and in engagement with the inner surface of said side wall, the junction between said central portion and said flange comprising a smooth fluent bend having an inside radius of curvature R1, and a metallic reinforcing ring at least partially enveloping said ange and the adjacent extremity of said side wall, said ring having a rst portion engaging the inner surface of said flange and a second annular portion integral with said rst portion and extending inwardly therefrom, said second portion of said ring being entirely arcuate in cross section and having an outside radius of curvature R2 with said rst portion being generally tangent to said second portion and with the inner free peripheral extremity of said second portion curved away from and spaced from said at central portion of said end member and extending radially inwardly from said cylindrical side wall, said radius R2 4being within the range of 10 to 20 times greater than the thickness G of said end member.

2. A shipping container as set forth in claim 1 further characterized in that said end member comprises the bottom closure for said container.

3. A shipping container as set forth in claim 1 further characterized in that said closure means include a second end member and a second reinforcing ring identical in construction to said end member and said reinforcing7 ring for closing the opposite end of said container.

4. A shipping container as set forth in claim 1 further characterized in that R2 is on the order of 14.4 times greater than the thickness .G of said end member.

5. A shipping container as set forth in claim 1 further characterized in that R2 is equal to R11-3%.

6. A shipping container as set forth in claim 1 further characterized in that D is within the range of 600 to 1200 times greater than the thickness G of said end member.

7. A shipping container as set forth in claim 1 further characterized in that D is on the order. of 900 times greater than the thickness G of said end member.

8. A yshipping container as set forth in claim 4 further characterized in that D is on the order of 900 times greater than the thickness G of said end member.

9. A shipping container as set forth in claim 8 further characterized in that R2 is equal to R11-3%.

10. A shipping container as set forth in claim 1 further characterized in that D is on the order of 22.5 inches, G is on the order of .025 inch, and R1 and R2 are on the order of .360 inch.

11. In a shipping container of the type having a side wall with a diameter D and an end member comprising a generally metallic sheet having a gauge G with said sheet having lan upstanding ange in engagement with the inner surface of said side wall and curled together with a free extremity of said side wall to form a seamed connection, and with said flange being bent out of the plane of said sheet about an inside radius of curvature R1, the combination with said seamed connection of a metallic reinforcing ring, said ring partially enveloping said seamed connection and comprising a first portion in engagement with the inner surface of said flange and a second annular portion integral with said rst portion and extending inwardly therefrom with said first and second portions being joined together about an outside radius of curvature R2, said second annular portion having a smooth arcuate cross section with an outside radius R2 and with the free peripheral edge of said second portion curved away from and spaced from said end member and extending radially inwardly from said side wall, said radius R2 being within the range of l0 to 20 times greater than the thickness G of said end member.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,810,492 10/1957 Bergen et al. 220-67 3,079,031 2/ 1963 Henchert 220-27 FOREIGN PATENTS 506,718 10/ 1954 Canada.

THERON E. CONDON, Primary Examiner.

JAMES R. GARRETT, Examiner.

Claims

1. A SHIPPING CONTAINER COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION, A GENERALLY CYLINDRICAL SIDE WALL HAVING A DIAMETER D, CLOSURE MEANS FOR SAID CONTAINER INCLUDING AN END MEMBER SECURED TO AT LEAST ONE EXTREMITY OF SAID SIDE WALL, SAID END MEMBER BEING FORMED TO SHEET METAL HAVING A GUAGE G, SAID END MEMBER INCLUDING A GENERALLY FLAT CENTRAL PORTION AND AN INTEGRAL, CIRCUMFERENTIALLY DISPOSED UPSTANDING FLANGE SURROUNDING SAID CENTRAL PORTION AND IN ENGAGEMENT WITH THE INNER SURFACE OF SAID SIDE WALL, THE JUNCTION BETWEEN SAID CENTER PORTION AND SAID FLANGE COMPRISING A SMOOTH FLUENT BEND HAVING AN INSIDE RADIUS OF CURVATURE R1, AND A METALLIC REINFORCING RING AT LEAST PARTIALLY ENVELOPING SAID FLANGE AND THE ADJACENT EXTREMITY OF SAID SIDE WALL, SAID RING HAVING A FIRST PORTION ENGAGING THE INNER SURFACE OF SAID FLANGE AND A SECOND ANNULAR PORTION INTEGRAL WITH SAID FIRST PORTION AND EXTENDING INWARDLY THEREFROM, SAID SECOND PORTION OF SAID RING BEING ENTIRELY ARCUATE IN CROSS SECTION AND HAVING AN OUTSIDE RADIUS OF CURVATURE R2 WITH SAID FIRST