US3345937A - Calender roll for pressure treating materials - Google Patents

Calender roll for pressure treating materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3345937A
US3345937A US545507A US54550766A US3345937A US 3345937 A US3345937 A US 3345937A US 545507 A US545507 A US 545507A US 54550766 A US54550766 A US 54550766A US 3345937 A US3345937 A US 3345937A
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United States
Prior art keywords
roll
plastic
calender
rolls
soft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US545507A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kusters Eduard
Quoos Kurt
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KUSTERS
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KUSTERS
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Publication date
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Publication of US3345937A publication Critical patent/US3345937A/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B15/00—Removing liquids, gases or vapours from textile materials in association with treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours
    • D06B15/02—Removing liquids, gases or vapours from textile materials in association with treatment of the materials by liquids, gases or vapours by squeezing rollers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C15/00—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics
    • D06C15/02—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics between co-operating press or calender rolls
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C15/00—Calendering, pressing, ironing, glossing or glazing textile fabrics
    • D06C15/08—Rollers therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/002—Opening or closing mechanisms; Regulating the pressure
    • D21G1/0026—Arrangements for maintaining uniform nip conditions
    • D21G1/0033—Arrangements for maintaining uniform nip conditions by offsetting the roll axes horizontally
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/02—Rolls; Their bearings
    • D21G1/0233—Soft rolls
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/02—Rolls; Their bearings
    • D21G1/0253—Heating or cooling the rolls; Regulating the temperature
    • D21G1/0266—Heating or cooling the rolls; Regulating the temperature using a heat-transfer fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C13/00—Rolls, drums, discs, or the like; Bearings or mountings therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2340/00—Apparatus for treating textiles

Definitions

  • the disclosure is a calender having two rigid rolls or rollers between which is arranged a solid synthetic polyamide roller that is substantially solid throughout its diameter excepting for possibly a small hole or bore extending throughout its axis and which does not interfere with its solid characteristics.
  • This invention relates to textile and paper calenders of the type using a soft roll and at least one hard roll forming a nip through which the textile or paper web passes to receive the calendering action.
  • a soft roll is made of stacked paper or cloth disks tightly compressed together with their edges finishedto form a true cylinder.
  • the hard roll may be made of steel, for example, the hard and soft rolls :are pressed toward each other under relatively high pressure and these rolls are usually intergeared and driven to obtain slippage between the hard roll and the web to promote the calendering action.
  • Such soft rolls are easily marked by the edges of the web and by splices or other discontinuities 'in the webs surface.
  • Press rolls of the type used on paper machines to dewater the wet paper web have been covered tightly with a layer of elastically deformable rubber.
  • the characteristics of rubber make it unsuitable for use as the soft roll of a calender.
  • the physical and chemical characteristics of the synthetic polyamide or superpoly-amide materials suggest that such a material, having the proper degree of elasticity, when used instead of rubber should provide a calender soft roll of improved non-marking characteristics while providing a satisfactory calendering action on the web.
  • the superpolyamide material known in the USA. as nylon when used as a covering or sleeve shrunk on a rigid steel roll appears to be suitable for use as a Calendar soft roll.
  • calender soft rolls were made by shrinking a sleeve of superpolyamide material, such as nylon, on a steel roll, but when such soft rolls were placed in normal service, working against the usual hard rolls, they rapidly destroyed themselves. The plastic coverings became lumpy and loosened from the steel rolls.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a calender soft roll using effectively an appropriate synthetic polyamide or superpolyamide material, such as nylon, and which will be capable of operating with an adequately long service life when used commercially, working opposite a hard counter roll, to calender textile and paper Webs.
  • an appropriate synthetic polyamide or superpolyamide material such as nylon
  • such a roll might be used for other applications requiring the operation of a soft roll forming a nip with a hard counter roll.
  • the present invention is based on thorough testing of plastic covered rolls of various types, the term plastic being used to mean appropriate types of synthetic polyamide and superpolyamide materials.
  • Textile and paper webs are uneven throughout their length and cause an excessive build-up of pressure in a localized area of the plastic tightly covering the roll, which in turn causes local overheating because the heat is not conducted away but builds up locally.
  • a thick balloon-like bulb is formed by the plastic which cannot move in an axial direction and equalize when restrained by the steel shaft or core. The result is excessive reversals of bending in this localized area causing in turn higher pressure between it and the opposing hard counter roll, more heating, and
  • the natural working of the soft roll plastic sleeve by its being indented by the hard roll causes heat ing. Then the plastic expands thermally and loosens from the steel shaft or core on which the plastic sleeve is shrunk. Without full support by the shaft or core the plastic sleeve receives more working until, again, it destroys itself.
  • the difficulties described hereinabove are overcome or eliminated to a large extent by initially casting a solid cylindrical roll from a suitable polyamide or superpolyamide material, such as nylon in the U.S.A., and supporting this roll on its side opposite to that forming the nip with the hard roll, by a a cylindrical roll preventing bending of this soft roll.
  • a suitable polyamide or superpolyamide material such as nylon in the U.S.A.
  • the plastic roll being solid throughout works between the hard roll with which the soft roll forms the nip, and a supporting roll which prevents bending of the plastic roll, in the direction of the latters axis or longitudinally thereof.
  • the soft roll relative to its support roll. Because the solid plastic soft roll is running freely between the hard counter roll and the soft support roll, the soft roll can expand and contract in all directions without introducing problems other than for an adjustment of the nip pressure to keep it constant, and this can be done automatically by known means.
  • Rolls constructed as described generally above when put in calendering service under commercial operating conditions have not only the non-marking advantage expected of the plastic as an improvement over prior art soft rolls, but important additional advantages. For example, it was found that the elastic deformation and recovery of the plastic in the nip formed by the plastic roll with the hard roll, exerts a slipping action relative to the hard roll providing greatly improved calendering effects and in some respects previously unobtainable effects. Because of the slipping action, it is unnecessary to intergear the hard and soft rolls as was usually necessary when using the prior art soft rolls.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation of the solid plastic soft roll as it may be applied to a textile calender.
  • FIG. 2 corresponds to FIG. 1 but shows a slight modification thereof and is a view that is partly in elevation and partly in longitudinal section to show its solid nature.
  • FIG. 3 somewhat schematically shows an end elevation of a textile calender using the roll.
  • FIG. 4 corresponds to FIG. 3 but shows a different arrangement
  • FIG. 5 is an elevational view showing the solid roll used in a calender which has been commercialized extensively.
  • the roll 1 is as described generally heretofore. It is a block polymerized, sometimes called mass, bulk or cast polymerized polyamide or superpolyamide material such as nylon.
  • the material shall be of a character adapted to resist nip working pressures ranging from 350 upwardly to 700 kg. per centimeter of length without being deformed appreciably to an elliptical shape due to the pressure exerted by a counter roll and the previously described supporting roll.
  • a suitable material may have a modulus of elasticity ranging from 8,000-36,000 kg./cm. To give an example of size, the diameter may be in the neighborhood of 200350 mm.
  • the roll 1a shown by FIG. 2 is a completely solid roll whereas the roll 1 has a small diameter bore 1b formed through it to illustrate that When reference is made to a solid roll it should be understood that substantial solidarity is meant. Any such bore 111 should be of very small diameter, as compared to the overall diameter of the roll 1 or 1a, to make the presence of the bore inconsequential. Preferably the roll is made solid throughout.
  • the roll 1 is shown as having integral journals 2 and the roll 1a is shown as having corresponding journals 2a and, in addition, as having been provided with annular series of notches or teeth 3 to permit engagement with the rotary driving element should any such arrangement ever be wanted.
  • rolls made according to this invention may have machined ends on which metal journals are mounted providing the metal does not extend into the interior of the roll to any great extent.
  • the calender illustrated comprises end frame members 4, the roll 1 or 1a, and the previously mentioned and here illustrated supporting roll 5.
  • the calendering nip is formed with the roll 1 by a hard roll 6.
  • the broken line indicates the web passing through the nip and being calendered, the roll 1 being offset, relative to the rolls 5 and 6 in a direction opposite to the travelling direction of the web to assist in preventing deflection of the plastic roll in the webs travelling direction.
  • FIG. 4 Another possible arrangement is shown by FIG. 4 wherein the roll 1 is vertically aligned with respect to the roll 6 and two rolls 5a are used to support the roll 1 at two locations.
  • the rolls are numbered to correspond with the foregoing, the arrangement here being like that shown in FIG. 3.
  • the support roll 5 is journaled by bearings 7 mounted by brackets 8 sliding in guideways 9 formed by the frame members 4a.
  • the nip pressure is applied by pushing upwardly on the support roll 5 by the use of pressure applying elements 10.
  • the roll 5 pushes the plastic roll 1 upwardly and applies the nip pressure required between this roll 1 and the hard roll 6.
  • the latter is journaled by bearings 11 mounted rigidly with respect to the frame members 4a, and the plastic roll 1 has its journals mounted by antifriction bearings 12 supported by the frame members 411 through swinging arms 13.
  • the journals 2 are really roll necks which are mounted by the inner races of conventional roller anti-friction bearings.
  • the hard roll 6 is ordinarily made of steel with either a smooth working surface or one that is engraved or otherwise forrned as required for certain effects of calendering. This upper or hard roll 6 is driven by a motor 14 through a drive indicated at 15.
  • the support roll 5 should apply uniform supporting pressure to the soft roll 1, at its side opposite the hard roll 6, which is substantially uniform throughout the length of the soft roll 1 which forms the working nip with respect to the hard roll 6. This may be effected by making the roll 5 a controlled deflection roll or controlled crown roll.
  • An example of such a roll is the well-known roll sold under the trademark swimming Roll by Eduard Kt'isters Maschinenfabrik of Germany. The construction of such a roll is shown by the Appenzeller Patent 2,908,964 issued to Valentin Appenzeller on Oct. 20, 1959.
  • This particular kind of roll controls the roll deflection by hydraulic liquid working under pressure directly on the inside of a shell which forms the rolls outer element. Therefore, by controlling the temperature of this liquid, the cooling action exerted on the plastic roll 1 may be controlled. The liquid flows to and from such a roll so it may be cooled.
  • the offsetting of the roll 1 illustrated by FIG. 3, prevents bending or deflection of the roll 1 cross-wise as previously indicated.
  • the web passes between this roll and the roll 1 through the nip formed by these two rolls.
  • the controlled deflection roll 5 provides the roll 1 with uniform pressure support throughout the active length of the roll 1. If the roll 1 is relatively short the roll 5 need not be a controlled deflection roll but may be a plain roll because it will be sufficiently short to avoid appreciable beam flexure.
  • the roll 6 is ordinarily heated.
  • the roll 1 is elastically indented by the roll 6 so as to provide the superior calendering previously noted.
  • the roll 1 is heated by the elastic deformation it receives throughout the zone of the nip it forms with the roll 6. This, possibly plus heat transferred from the roll 6, heats at least the surface of the roll 1, with this heat to some degree penetrating throughout the diameter of the roll 1.
  • the roll 1 begins to expand.
  • the roll 1 is solid, excepting possibly for a bore hole of a diameter insuflicient to materially effect its solidarity, it can expand freely in a radial direction. Because its ends are free to expand in an axial direction there is nothing to restrict thermal growth in that direction.
  • the pressure applied by the devices 10 may be controlled to keep the nip pressure uniform between the rolls 1 and 6.
  • the roll 1 is free to thermally expand and contract without interference by anything. Any tendency for 10- calized expansion to occur does not result in destruction of the roll 1 because the plastic is free to move as re quired for equalization.
  • Calenders of the kind illustrated by FIG. 5 have now been in successful operation under commercial conditions for relatively long periods of time.
  • Plastics such as nylon do not tend to recover elastically to their fullest extent immediately.
  • the operating speed of a machine using the soft roll of the present invention should not be so excessive as to exclude the possibility for plastic leaving the nip between the rolls 1 and 6 to elastically recover substantially completely before it is contacted by the support roll 5. Because the support roll 5 is cooled, elastic recovery of the plastic in contact with this roll and after leaving this roll is relatively quick.
  • a calender roll may be made of a plastic material such as nylon, having the tendency to heat and thermally expand to a relatively great degree when repeatedly deformed by contact with the necessary calendering hard roll, providing the plastic roll is in a form free to thermally expand and contract without substantial restraint, in all directions.
  • a plastic roll that is completely solid, or substantially so for all practical purposes, and which is mounted between two metal rolls, one supporting the plastic roll and the other forming a calendering nip.
  • the principle is that to provide the cylindrical plastic rolling surface the plastic body mustbe solid andsupported uniformly throughout its length on one side with its other side forming, with a calendering roll, the nip.
  • plastic body should in no instance be so thin as to provide insuifi-cient plastic between the two hard metal rolling surfaces as to permit the elastic deformation by the two rolling surfaces to extend through the plastic body in its radial direction.
  • a plastic roll member of any reasonable dimensions avoids this effect.
  • a calender for webs of paper or textile material comprising a polyamide roller and at least two substantially rigid rollers substantially on opposite sides of said polyamide roller, said polyamide roller consisting entirely of solid synthetic polyamide material throughout substantially the entire diameter of the roller and being free of a supporting shaft at the core, said polyamide roller having a diameter of at least 200 mm. and a modulus of elasticity of 8,000 to 36,000 kg./cm. at room temperature whereby deformation of the polyamide roller at the core at calendering pressure is avoided.
  • the calender of claim 1 having means for cooling the surface of at least one of said rigid rollers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US545507A 1961-02-16 1966-04-26 Calender roll for pressure treating materials Expired - Lifetime US3345937A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DET19683A DE1266713B (de) 1961-02-16 1961-02-16 Zwischenwalze

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3345937A true US3345937A (en) 1967-10-10

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ID=7549411

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US545507A Expired - Lifetime US3345937A (en) 1961-02-16 1966-04-26 Calender roll for pressure treating materials

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3345937A (fr)
BE (1) BE614028A (fr)
CH (1) CH404388A (fr)
DE (1) DE1266713B (fr)
FI (1) FI40887B (fr)
FR (1) FR1315362A (fr)
GB (1) GB968122A (fr)
NL (1) NL274676A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1772898A1 (de) * 1967-12-29 1971-06-16 Addressograph Multigraph Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Fixierung von Tonern
US3854975A (en) * 1971-06-30 1974-12-17 Addressograph Multigraph Pressure fixing of toners
US3871290A (en) * 1970-12-03 1975-03-18 Kuesters Eduard Maschf Method for treating paper
US3874894A (en) * 1972-10-27 1975-04-01 Addressograph Multigraph Method and apparatus for ambient temperature pressure fixing of toners
US3878622A (en) * 1971-11-06 1975-04-22 Canon Kk Photographic copying apparatus
US4984027A (en) * 1988-12-28 1991-01-08 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing apparatus with solid elastomeric fuser roller

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10343980B4 (de) * 2003-09-19 2005-08-18 Eduard Küsters Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Kalander

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US94802A (en) * 1869-09-14 Improvement in churns
US737571A (en) * 1902-11-05 1903-09-01 American Tin Plate Company Roll heating and cooling apparatus.
US2763893A (en) * 1950-08-02 1956-09-25 Molins Machine Co Ltd Embossing gear for foil or other material
US2851869A (en) * 1955-01-17 1958-09-16 Quoos Kurt Squeeze roll apparatus
US2908964A (en) * 1957-01-18 1959-10-20 Kuesters Eduard Pressure treatment of material
US3222209A (en) * 1964-06-08 1965-12-07 West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co Process of manufacturing and finishing coated paper, and resultant product

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1071547B (de) * 1960-05-19 Stuttgart Dr. Oskar König Oberwalzenanordnung für Spinnmaschinenstreckwerkc
DE954934C (de) * 1954-08-08 1956-12-27 Ruhrchemie Ag Elastische Kalanderwalze zur Papierbearbeitung sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE1038518B (de) * 1955-07-22 1958-09-11 Kleinewefers Soehne J Elastische Walze mit Kunststoffbezug

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US94802A (en) * 1869-09-14 Improvement in churns
US737571A (en) * 1902-11-05 1903-09-01 American Tin Plate Company Roll heating and cooling apparatus.
US2763893A (en) * 1950-08-02 1956-09-25 Molins Machine Co Ltd Embossing gear for foil or other material
US2851869A (en) * 1955-01-17 1958-09-16 Quoos Kurt Squeeze roll apparatus
US2908964A (en) * 1957-01-18 1959-10-20 Kuesters Eduard Pressure treatment of material
US3222209A (en) * 1964-06-08 1965-12-07 West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co Process of manufacturing and finishing coated paper, and resultant product

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1772898A1 (de) * 1967-12-29 1971-06-16 Addressograph Multigraph Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Fixierung von Tonern
US3871290A (en) * 1970-12-03 1975-03-18 Kuesters Eduard Maschf Method for treating paper
US3854975A (en) * 1971-06-30 1974-12-17 Addressograph Multigraph Pressure fixing of toners
US3878622A (en) * 1971-11-06 1975-04-22 Canon Kk Photographic copying apparatus
US3874894A (en) * 1972-10-27 1975-04-01 Addressograph Multigraph Method and apparatus for ambient temperature pressure fixing of toners
US4984027A (en) * 1988-12-28 1991-01-08 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing apparatus with solid elastomeric fuser roller

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1315362A (fr) 1963-01-18
FI40887B (fr) 1969-03-31
DE1266713B (de) 1968-04-25
GB968122A (en) 1964-08-26
BE614028A (fr) 1962-06-18
NL274676A (fr)
CH404388A (de) 1965-12-15

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