US3344834A - Apparatus for partial combustion of hydrocarbon fuels - Google Patents

Apparatus for partial combustion of hydrocarbon fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3344834A
US3344834A US459019A US45901965A US3344834A US 3344834 A US3344834 A US 3344834A US 459019 A US459019 A US 459019A US 45901965 A US45901965 A US 45901965A US 3344834 A US3344834 A US 3344834A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tubular member
nozzle
fuel
exit end
oxygen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US459019A
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English (en)
Inventor
Feinman Jerome
David A Muskat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
United States Steel Corp
Original Assignee
United States Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United States Steel Corp filed Critical United States Steel Corp
Priority to US459019A priority Critical patent/US3344834A/en
Priority to FR62499A priority patent/FR1480773A/fr
Priority to NL6607231A priority patent/NL6607231A/xx
Priority to BE681662D priority patent/BE681662A/xx
Priority to GB23706/66A priority patent/GB1145830A/en
Priority to DE19661508094 priority patent/DE1508094A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3344834A publication Critical patent/US3344834A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/36—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
    • C01B3/363—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents characterised by the burner used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for the partial combustion of fuels and more particularly to producing carbon monoxide and hydrogen from carbonaceous liquid fuels such as fuel oil. In certain chemical and metallurgical processes, particularly smelting processes, a stream of hot reducing gases is required.
  • FIGURE 1 is a sectional view of the burner of our invention
  • FIGURE 2 is an elevation of the burner tip
  • FIGURE 3 is an end view of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is an elevation of apparatus for producing iron ore according to our invention.
  • FIGURE 5 is a sectional view of the apparatus of FIGURE 4.
  • reference numeral 2 indicates a combustion chamber which is lined with a highly refractory material 4 which is capable of withstanding temperatures in excess of 4000 F. High purity magnesia or zirconia are suitable for this purpose.
  • a low conductivity insulating refractory 6 is provided on the outside of the refractory 4.
  • An opening 8 is provided through the refractories 4 and 6 into the chamber 2 for receiving burner 10.
  • Burner 10 includes an atomizing nozzle 12 having a fuel inlet 14 and an atomizing gas inlet 16 which are connected to conduits 18 and 20, respectively.
  • a tubular shroud 22 having an inside diameter substantially equal to the outside diameter of nozzle 12 surrounds the nozzle 12 and the conduits 18 and and provides a chamber 23 leading to nozzle 12.
  • the shroud 22 is made of a heat resistant metal such as Inconel or Type 310 stainless steel.
  • A' shield 24 of similar material may be attached to the inside of shroud 22 at the outlet end thereof.
  • a conduit 26 surrounds the shroud 22 and provides a cooling water 3,344,834 Patented Gct. 3, 1967 chamber 28.
  • the nozzle 12 includes a member 30 which has a cylindrical portion 31 with a plurality of spiral grooves 32 therein.
  • a nozzle tip 34 is provided at the discharge end of the nozzle 12 and consists of a body portion 38 threaded into member 30 and an outlet member 40 connected to member 38 by means of collar 42. Axial openings through members 38 and 40 are aligned with fuel inlet 14. Member 38 has a circular passage 44 which connects with gas inlet 16. Three equally spaced openings 46 lead from the passage 44 to the discharge end of member 38.
  • the burner tip 34 may be a conventional tip which includes a standard spray nozzle such as manufactured by Spraying Systems Company of Bellwood, Illinois.
  • liquid fuel oil passes through conduit 18 into the nozzle tip 34 and atomizing air or oxygen passes through conduit 20 into tip 34 where the liquid fuel is atomized.
  • primary oxygen is introduced through chamber 23 and grooves 32 around the burner tip 34.
  • the oxygen passing through'the grooves 32 is given a vortex or whirling action which, in addition to providing good mixing action, increases the effective residence time of the reactants in the combustion zone and results in more efiective fuel conversion so that less ungasified carbon leave the combustion zone.
  • the minimum amount of oxygen provided through conduit 20 and chamber 23 should be the stoichiometric ratio for combustion of the fuel to carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and the maximum amount of total oxygen should not exceed approximately of this amount. Partial combustion of the liquid fuel is completed in the chamber 2 and the gases so produced will pass to the processing chamber where they will be burned to complete the process. In some instances, powdered coal may be substituted for the fuel oil.
  • the minimum atomizing-flow to liquid-flow ratio is about 4 standard cu. ft. of atomizing gas per lb. of oil, although this ratio might be lower at maximum capacity operation. Ratios higher than the minimum provide better operation.
  • the minimum pressure drop through the nozzle to provide for sufficient dispersion should be about 30 lbs. per sq. in. When operating at low throughputs the minimum pressure drop for effective operation is below 30 lbs. per sq. in.
  • the minimum pressure drop should be above 30 lbs. per sq. in.
  • the temperature of the oil and gas streams entering the system should be kept as low as possible so that the oil temperature in nozzle tip will not exceed the minimum temperature for noncoking operation. This prevents formation of coke in the tip and its resultant disadvantages.
  • the oil temperature should be less than F. and the gas temperatures less than 100 F. entering the burner.
  • FIGURES 4 and 5 show an embodiment of our invention where the burner is used to smelt iron ore.
  • the furnace includes a hearth 50 having a tap hole 52 which is connected by means of a frusto-conical portion 54 to a stack or reactor 56.
  • a stationary hopper 58 is supported on top of the furnace and a portable hopper 69 is received in the top of the stationary hopper 58.
  • Each tunnel or combustion chamber 62 is lined with a high duty refractory 64 which is preferably zirconia.
  • the hearth 50 and reactor 56 are lined with high alumina brick 66 with a layer of fireclay brick 68 on the outside thereof.
  • a light weight castable refractory 70 surrounds the fireclay bricks 68 to provide insulation.
  • a steel shell 72 forms the outside surface of the furnace and is provided with means for supporting the burners 10.
  • a gas outlet 74 is provided at the top of the furnace. With the furnace charged with coke, limestone and briquettes containing iron ore and/ or iron oxide and the burners are operated in the manner set forth above so as to smelt the iron.
  • the partially combusted gas combines with the oxygen in the ore or other oxide.
  • the furnace was operated with 10% coke and 90% self fluxing iron oxide containing sinter'.
  • small amounts of molten iron were tapped and additional burden was added through the hoppers 58 and 60.
  • Additional operation of the furnace increased the formation of molten iron which reached a steady state after several hours.
  • the combusted'gases leave the reactor through conduit 74.
  • said tubular member having a substantially constant inside diameter for the majority of its length; a nozzle within said tubular member adjacent its exit end, said nozzle including an outer cylindrical portion closely fitting the inside of said tubular member, said cylindrical portion having at least four spiral grooves therein equally spaced around its periphery and each having an opening at each end into the inside of said tubular member, and a burner tip at its exit end of less diameter than the inside of said tubular member, said nozzle including a central axial passageway for said fuel and means for delivering an oxygen containing gas around said passageway; means Within said tubular member for separately delivering fuel and oxygen containing gas to said nozzle, and means for introducing oxygen into said tubular member and into said spiral grooves.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 including a combustion chamber at the exit end of said. nozzle.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 including a portion on said tubular member extending beyond the exit end of said nozzle, a shield attached to the inside of said last named portion at the end thereof, said shield having a frusto-conical axial opening therethrough with its minimum diameter at the exit end thereof, and a refractory lined combustion chamber at the exit end of said tubular member.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
US459019A 1965-05-26 1965-05-26 Apparatus for partial combustion of hydrocarbon fuels Expired - Lifetime US3344834A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US459019A US3344834A (en) 1965-05-26 1965-05-26 Apparatus for partial combustion of hydrocarbon fuels
FR62499A FR1480773A (fr) 1965-05-26 1966-05-23 Procédé et appareil pour la combustion partielle de combustibles
NL6607231A NL6607231A (de) 1965-05-26 1966-05-25
BE681662D BE681662A (de) 1965-05-26 1966-05-26
GB23706/66A GB1145830A (en) 1965-05-26 1966-05-26 Method of and apparatus for partial combustion of fuels
DE19661508094 DE1508094A1 (de) 1965-05-26 1966-06-25 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur teilweisen Verbrennung von Brennstoffen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US459019A US3344834A (en) 1965-05-26 1965-05-26 Apparatus for partial combustion of hydrocarbon fuels

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3344834A true US3344834A (en) 1967-10-03

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US459019A Expired - Lifetime US3344834A (en) 1965-05-26 1965-05-26 Apparatus for partial combustion of hydrocarbon fuels

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3344834A (de)
BE (1) BE681662A (de)
DE (1) DE1508094A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1145830A (de)
NL (1) NL6607231A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3424541A (en) * 1966-08-10 1969-01-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique Fluid fuel burner
US3474969A (en) * 1967-08-28 1969-10-28 Mobil Oil Corp Air atomizing oil burner
US3960201A (en) * 1974-12-13 1976-06-01 Societe De Vente De L'aluminium Pechiney Injection device for molding machines
US4116611A (en) * 1976-09-01 1978-09-26 Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company Gaseous and liquid fuel burner
US4155702A (en) * 1977-11-30 1979-05-22 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Burner
US20040079082A1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2004-04-29 Bunker Ronald Scott Combustor liner with inverted turbulators

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8314944D0 (en) * 1983-05-31 1983-07-06 Boc Group Plc Heating of enclosures
GB2140910B (en) * 1983-05-31 1986-08-13 Boc Group Plc Heating of enclosures
US5393220A (en) * 1993-12-06 1995-02-28 Praxair Technology, Inc. Combustion apparatus and process

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1073438A (en) * 1913-02-19 1913-09-16 Albert J Dronsfield Spraying-nozzle.
US2701164A (en) * 1951-04-26 1955-02-01 Gen Motors Corp Duplex fuel nozzle
US2904417A (en) * 1959-09-15 Process for the production of synthesis

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904417A (en) * 1959-09-15 Process for the production of synthesis
US1073438A (en) * 1913-02-19 1913-09-16 Albert J Dronsfield Spraying-nozzle.
US2701164A (en) * 1951-04-26 1955-02-01 Gen Motors Corp Duplex fuel nozzle

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3424541A (en) * 1966-08-10 1969-01-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique Fluid fuel burner
US3474969A (en) * 1967-08-28 1969-10-28 Mobil Oil Corp Air atomizing oil burner
US3960201A (en) * 1974-12-13 1976-06-01 Societe De Vente De L'aluminium Pechiney Injection device for molding machines
US4116611A (en) * 1976-09-01 1978-09-26 Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company Gaseous and liquid fuel burner
US4155702A (en) * 1977-11-30 1979-05-22 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Burner
FR2410784A1 (fr) * 1977-11-30 1979-06-29 Air Prod & Chem Perfectionnements aux dispositifs et procedes pour realiser la combustion de fluides a base d'hydrocarbures
US20040079082A1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2004-04-29 Bunker Ronald Scott Combustor liner with inverted turbulators
US7104067B2 (en) * 2002-10-24 2006-09-12 General Electric Company Combustor liner with inverted turbulators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1145830A (en) 1969-03-19
DE1508094A1 (de) 1969-03-06
BE681662A (de) 1966-11-28
NL6607231A (de) 1966-11-28

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