US33446A - Improvement in furnaces for the manufacture of iron and steel - Google Patents

Description

.L W. NYSTHM.

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UNiTnn STATES ATENT FFME.)

IMPROVEMENT IN FURNACES FOR THE MANUFACTURE 0F IRON AND STEEL.

Specification forming part of Letters-Patent No. 33,446, dated October 8, *1861.*

To all whom t Amay concern:

Be it known that l, JOHN. NYsTRoM, of

the city'an.d= county of Philadelphia, in the State'of Pennsylvania, have inventedcertain new Iand useful improvements in the construction, arrangement, and operation of furnaces destined for tne manufacture of iron and steel;

and I hereby .declare that the following, taken in connectionwith the accompanyingdraw ings, is a full, clear, and exact descriptionlof the same.

My invention consists, first, in the 4construction of a barrel-furnace in which one 'or more tuyeres are arranged at suchen angle in relation to the curved bottom of the furnace that the blast shall be tangent, or nearly so,l to the Said bottom, and agitatethe molten niass by shaking of the furnace during the operation of decarbonization, substantially asv herein-V after specified; fourth, in theformation of a 4flue or chimney uniting the barrel-furnace with the cupola or blast furnace, essentially as hereinafter shown and described, so that particles of iron carried ofi' with the air or gases or other volatile products may be returned to the furnace, and thus be utilized again; fifth, inse forming and arranging the' outlet of a barrel-furnace constructed and operated as hereinafter described as that it shall occupy, when `'the furnace'is in position to be emptied, the lowest part of the concave bottom. l

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my improvements, I shall now proceed to describe the construction, arrangenient, and operation of the furnace, referring to the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure 1 represents a cross-section of m improved furnace as combined with' an ordinary cupola; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section of.

the same through-the line AB in Fig. 1, and

Fig, 3a plan view of an arrangement of severalfurnaces with their cupolas. l

The furnace E', itwill be seen, is formed into the shape of a barrel placed horizontally and supported at one end by a hollow trunnion, G, resting in suitable bearings, .while at the other endit is held in position bymeans of two friction-rollers, f f. The front or cap, E, the in' side of which is lined with fire clay and brioh, is screwed or clamped or otherwise securely attached to the'end of the furnace, so that it may be easily removed when the iniside of the furnace is to be built up, repaired, or cleaned` out.

In the drawings, Hf iepresents themass of molten` cast-iron to be decarbonized on the' lwell-known .principle by blowing'air intol or through it. The air is conveyed from a suitable blowing-engine tb roughthe pipe-and 'pasf sages a a. and'is blown into thefurnacethrough the tuyercs b b,w.hich are placed in an inclined position of about forty-five degrees, tangenting the curved bottom of the furnace. By thus arranging the tuyeres a more thorough and regular circulation is imparted to theiluassc molten iron. The carbonic-acid gas formed'in.

the furnace is conveyed 'off by the chimney C into the cupola or blast furnace P. ,v Particles of iron that are carried oif with the air, gases, orother volatile products engendered during 'the cnrbonization of the iron will be'thus collected'and utilized in the cupola or blast furnace, while additional heat for themelting of the cast-iron or the smelting of the orewill-be attained. The frame hf contains the frictionrollers f f and strap t, which are arranged in such as clamps, weights,l wedges, screws, Src.; 'but I have described a simple and ecient device to eiiect the purpose. The outer shell of 'riveted to the back I.

In the. shell of the furnace opposite. the tuyeres are inserted removable glasses'n non for the purpose of looking through into the fur the furnace I prefer to make of wrought-iron,

mass.

e eamo e' under the spout S. The iron may be thus g run directly from the cupola er blast furnace into the furnace F.

In order -to clean the furnace outl from slag,

vne. it is turned so that the mouthc comes down toward the corner o, when part of the slagwill run out, the remainder being removed by suitable tools or implements. The furnacemay .be turned by gearing, worin-screw, or other mechanism. furnace by means 0f ropes and pulleys, the former fastened to the end of the lever '1, while the latter is secured to som'e convenient placev in or near the ceiling or roof of the foundry. When the iron 'is decarbonized, the furnace is turned sot-hat the 'openingd comes to d', in which position it is allowed to remain for a few minutes, so that the slagand other light impurities may rise to the surface of the molten outlet fl', vbeing at the4 bottom of the vessel,

lets out the pureiron or steel iirst,`while the' this way. On one4 side of' the cupolas the' blast is lcd through a pipe 'or column, m, into the furnaces l", and by the pipes g into the cnpolas. The pit for casting largev and 'longpieees branches o lf underthe furnaces,' as

shown in the drawings.' Boards e e' c are placed for crossing the pit. This seemsto be agood arrangement; but it can also be arranged with a long pit directly und'cr the furnaces, as shown on the other side of the cupolas.

The operation is conducted inthe followingv manner: rlhe cast-'ironis first melted. down in the cupolal. g the lever Z, so that thc-mouth c comes to c under thespout S. When the cast-iron is melted, it is let out'in theordinary way and conducted by the spoutS directly into thefurnace F, until it is about half-full, which will be indicated by the fluid mass being in the barrel-furnaceon a level with the mouth c'.' The spout-S is then drawn aside, the blast It is intended here to turn the.

The iluid metal is then 1ct out through the aperatfure d, either directly into a mold or chill, D, or by the spout s to the mold L.- The The furnace F is turned' by' turned on, and thel furnace moved by the lever Zuntil the mouth c butts up close tothe chimney C. The furnaceis now clamped fast t'o the friction-rollers, and the operationI of decarbonizing the iron is continued for from five to fifteen minutesaccording to the kind of .iron or steel that itis intended to be obtained. The strap i is now loosened bythe screw and lever k 7.', the' furnaceturned toits former position, when'the outlet d-will come to d',

`through which the fluid' iron'or steel is either l.east directly int-o a mold r chill, I), or is conducted by means of spout s into the mold L.' The casting may then be taken directly to a steam-hammer or rolling-mil1andforged in the same heat. I

For very largecastings it will be necessary. to vemploy several furnaces, as shown in Fiel 3, when t-hesame operation must go on silnul taneously in all of them.

Having thus fully describedy my invention, what I claim, and vdesire to secure by Letters Patent, is Y 1. The construction and arrangement of furnaces capable of rotation upon a horizontal axis, and having tuyeres so arranged in an inclined position that .the blast enters the molten. iron'tangentially, or nearly so, to the curved bottom of such furnaces.

2.- The combination, with a barrel-furnace constructed-and arranged .essentially as de.- scribed, of a front plate capable oi' removal., substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth. l I

3; Providing a barrel-furnace arranged and operated as herein described with a frictionstrap or its .mechanical equivalent to firmly hold and prevent shaking of the furnace during the operation of decarboni'zation, substantially as herein set forth.

"4L In combination with a furnace capable of rotation, as described, and provided with Y a mouth for the reception of themolten metal from the' cupola, the side chimney on the cu`' pol-a so arranged that the said mouth shall come in juxtaposition with-and convey the gases tothe chimney, as described.

' 5. So forming and arranging the outletof a barrel-furnace constructed and operated as herein described as that it shall occupy, when the furnace is imposition to be emptied, the lowest part of the concav'ebottom.

-In testimony whereof I have signed my name to thisspecification before two subscribing witnesses.

Washington, September 7 1861.

JOHN W. NYSTROM,

Witnesses:

A. POLLAK, EDM. F. BROWN.

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