US3343982A - Coating of cobalt alloys - Google Patents

Coating of cobalt alloys Download PDF

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US3343982A
US3343982A US405532A US40553264A US3343982A US 3343982 A US3343982 A US 3343982A US 405532 A US405532 A US 405532A US 40553264 A US40553264 A US 40553264A US 3343982 A US3343982 A US 3343982A
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weight
alloy
cobalt
temperature
chromium
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Douglas H Maxwell
Suyama Frank
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Raytheon Technologies Corp
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United Aircraft Corp
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Priority to DEU12112A priority patent/DE1295955B/en
Priority to GB43900/65A priority patent/GB1055608A/en
Priority to FR35656A priority patent/FR1482837A/en
Priority to SE13556/65A priority patent/SE316346B/xx
Priority to BE671197D priority patent/BE671197A/xx
Priority to US678123A priority patent/US3462820A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
    • C23C10/52—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation more than one element being diffused in one step
    • C23C10/54—Diffusion of at least chromium
    • C23C10/56—Diffusion of at least chromium and at least aluminium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component

Definitions

  • Gas turbine blades such as rotor blades and stator vanes require the use of metal alloys which are dimensionally stable for long periods of time at elevated temperatures.
  • Many cobalt alloys have been found to possess satisfactory dimensional stability at normal operating temperatures. However, at temperatures as high as 2100 F., many of the conventional cobalt alloys show a tendency toward excessive oxidation and erosion of the oxidation product.
  • the pack diffusion method of applying the diffusion coating is employed in this invention.
  • the shaped alloy to be coated is embedded in a retort or other suitable container containing a predetermined mixture of granular chromium metal, granular aluminum-magnesium alloy, a chromium halide, preferably chromic chloride, and an iodine source such as elemental iodine or ammonium iodide.
  • the retort or other container is treated to remove air, sealed and sintered in a hydrogen or other inert gas atmosphere for the time and temperature, generally above 1800 F., sufiicient to obtain the desired coating thickness and degree of diffusion.
  • Cobalt alloys to be treated in accordance with this invention generally contain at least about 35% of cobalt.
  • the alloy contains at least about 50% cobalt and about 15% to 27% by weight of chromium.
  • Excellent results are obtained when such cobalt-chromium alloys also contain from 0% to 12% of nickel, from to 12% of tungsten, from 0% to 1% of titanium, from 0.4% to 1.2% of carbon, and from 0.05% to 2.5% of zirconium.
  • the presence of other trace materials is desirable including up to tantalum, up to 3 columbium, up to 0.01% boron, up to 1.5% iron, up to 0.2% manganese, and up to 0.2% silicon. Traces of such impurities as sulfur, phosphorus and copper and the like in amounts which do not detract from the thermal resistance of the basic cobalt alloy can also be present.
  • a preferred alloy for treatment in accordance with this invention is a commercial alloy known as SM 302 which has the following nominal chemical analysis:
  • Alloy WI 52 is a cobalt base alloy having relatively large amounts of chromium and tungsten in its composition which is specified as follows:
  • Alloy X 40 is a cobalt base alloy having the following specification analysis:
  • the granular composition making up the pack would generally contain from about 0.5% to 2% by weight of chromium metal, from 1.5% to 3% by weight of the aluminum magnesium alloy containing from 10% to 20% magnesium, from 0.005 to 0.008 by weight of a chromic halide, preferably chromic chloride and from 0.001%. to .005 by weight of either elemental iodine or ammonium iodide and from 95% to 98% by weight of an inert carrier material.
  • the preferred inert carrier material is activated alumina, i.e., aluminum oxide, although other materials such as baked kaolin and magnesium oxide can also be employed.
  • the preferred composition contains about 1% by weight of chromium, about 2% by weight of an aluminummagnesium alloy, containing 15% by weight of magnesium, about 0.005% by weight of chromic chloride, about 0.001% by weight of either elemental iodine or ammonium iodide and about 97% by weight of activated aluminum oxide.
  • the granular material should be finely divided and will be sufficiently fine to pass through a 50 mesh sieve and preferably through a mesh sieve.
  • FIGURE 1 represents a suitable container for use in carrying out the method of this invention.
  • This container consists of an inner retort 1 having a cover 2 both fabricated of any substance capable of withstanding the temperatures of operation.
  • Deposited Within the container is the granulated packing material 3 having been the composition described above andembedded within the packing material are one or more shaped cobalt alloy particles 4 to be coated.
  • a glass ring 5 surroundsthe inner retort at its contact point with cover 2.
  • the alloy to be coated is first cleaned by sandblasting and is then subsequently heat treated in a hydrogen atmosphere to remove any traces of an oxide layer.
  • the treated alloy is then embedded in the powder mixtures within container 1.
  • the container is closed and placed in a suitable heating device such as a mufiie furnace equipped with a gas-tight door and containing gas inlet and outlet ports.
  • the heating device is purged with an inert gas such as helium or ar on to remove the air, and thereupon the protective gas to be employed in the process, either hydrogen or an inert gas such as helium or argon is supplied. Hydrogen is preferred.
  • the temperature within the heating device is raised to a temperature of from 300 F. to 500 F., preferably about 400 F.
  • the temperature is then raised slowly to just below the melting point of the glass 5 to allow the system to come to equilibrium temperature and to allow any remaining air or other gases to leave the retort.
  • the temperature is then raised to above the melting point of the glass ring 5, thereby causing the glass to melt and form a liquid seal isolating completely the contents of the container from the outside environment.
  • the heating device is allowed to come to the diffusion temperature, about 1800 F. to 2200 F. and maintained there for the desired time, generally from 8 to 16 hours.
  • the particular time and temperature employed will, of course, vary within the suggested range depending upon the exact composition of the alloy and the desired amount of coating to be applied.
  • SM 302 alloy Two samples of SM 302 alloy, a high cobalt alloy described above, were sand blasted and heated in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 2000-2100 F. for two to four hours to remove any surface oxide coating.
  • the alloy articles were then embedded in 2000 grams of a granular powder mixture within a retort. This granular powder contained 97% by weight of 100 mesh activated alumina, 2% by weight of a 100-250 mesh aluminummagnesium alloy containing 85% aluminum and 15% magnesium, 1% of a 100 mesh chromium metal, 0.005% of chromic chloride and 0.001% of elemental iodine.
  • the retort employed was that illustrated in FIGURE 1. After the retort was closed with the top and the glass ring, it was placed in an oven equipped with gas inlet and outlet ports and purged with argon to remove the air and thereupon hydrogen gas was admitted and the furnace was held at a temperature of 400 F. for 30 minutes to remove any moisture contained in the mix ture. The temperature of the furnace was then raised at the rate of 200 F. per hour to about 1200 F., to allow the system to come to equilibrium temperature and to allow any remaining air to escape from the retort. T hereupon the temperature was raised to 1350 F., 50 above the melting point of the glass and maintained for 30 minutes while the glass melted and formed a liquid seal.
  • the method of forming a protective coating on a oobalt alloy containing at least about 35% of cobalt, which renders the alloy resistant to oxidation at elevated temperatures comprising embedding the alloy to be coated in a granular mixture of from 0.5% to 2% by weight of chromium metal, from 1.5% to 3% by weight of an aluminum-magnesium alloy containing from 10% to 20% magnesium, from 0.005% to 0.008% by weight of chromic chloride and from 0.001% to 0.005% by weight of a substance selected from the group consisting of elemental iodine and ammonium iodide, and from to 98% by weight of an inert carrier material, and heating the embedded alloy, in a protective atmosphere, at a temperature, at least about 1800 F., and a time suflicient to obtain the desired coating thickness.
  • the cobalt alloy contains from 15 to 27% by weight of chromium, from 5% to 12% of tungsten, from 0.4% to 1.2% of carbon, from 0.05% to 2.5% of zirconium, up to 12% nickel and up to 1% titanium.
  • the method of forming a protective coatin on a cobalt alloy containing at least about 50% by weight of cobalt and from about 15% to 27% by weight of chromium, thereby rendering the alloy more resistant to oxidation at elevated temperatures comprising embedding the alloy to be coated on a finely divided granular mixture containing about 1% by weight of chromium, about 2% by weight of an aluminum-magnesium alloy containing 15 by weight of magnesium, about 0.005 by weight of chromic chloride, about 0.001% by weight of a substance selected from the group consisting of elemental iodine and ammonium iodide and about 97% by weight of activated aluminum oxide, and heating the embedded alloy, in a hydrogen atmosphere, at a temperature, at least about 1800 F., at a time, sutficient to obtain the desired coating thickness.
  • the cobalt alloy contains from 15 to 27% by weight of chromium, from 5% to 12% of tungsten, from 0.4% to 1.2% of carbon, from 0.05% to 2.5% of zirconium, up to 12% nickel and up to 1% titanium.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Anti-Oxidant Or Stabilizer Compositions (AREA)

Description

p 9 p. H. MAXWELL ETAL 3,343,982
' COATING OF COBALT ALLOYS Filed Oct. 21, 1964 INVENTORS DOUGLAS H. MAXWELL gQANK SUYAMA United States Patent 3,343,982 COATING OF COBALT ALLOYS Douglas H. Maxwell, North Palm Beach, and Frank Suyama, West Palm Beach, Fla., assignors to United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Conn., a corporation of Delaware Filed Oct. 21, 1964, Ser. No. 405,532 11 Claims. (Cl. 117-1072) This invention relates to the treatment of high cobalt alloys to render them resistant to erosion due to oxidation at elevated temperatures.
Gas turbine blades such as rotor blades and stator vanes require the use of metal alloys which are dimensionally stable for long periods of time at elevated temperatures. Many cobalt alloys have been found to possess satisfactory dimensional stability at normal operating temperatures. However, at temperatures as high as 2100 F., many of the conventional cobalt alloys show a tendency toward excessive oxidation and erosion of the oxidation product.
It has been proposed heretofore to coat various high temperature alloys with chromium or aluminum in order to increase their oxidation resistance. However, cobalt alloys coated by conventional means still show a significant decrease in weight i.e., erosion due to oxidation, when held at 2100 F., for 50 to 100 hours. It has now been found that superior oxidation resistance can be achieved if high cobalt alloys are diffusion coated with a mixture of chromium and an aluminum-magnesium alloy containing about 15% magnesium. The thickness of the diffusion coating is not very great, being on the order of from about 0.001" to 0.005. Such coated high cobalt alloys are resistant to erosion due to oxidation for period of 100 hours or more at 2100 F.
The pack diffusion method of applying the diffusion coating is employed in this invention. Generally, in the process of this invention, the shaped alloy to be coated is embedded in a retort or other suitable container containing a predetermined mixture of granular chromium metal, granular aluminum-magnesium alloy, a chromium halide, preferably chromic chloride, and an iodine source such as elemental iodine or ammonium iodide. The retort or other container is treated to remove air, sealed and sintered in a hydrogen or other inert gas atmosphere for the time and temperature, generally above 1800 F., sufiicient to obtain the desired coating thickness and degree of diffusion. Cobalt alloys to be treated in accordance with this invention generally contain at least about 35% of cobalt. Preferably the alloy contains at least about 50% cobalt and about 15% to 27% by weight of chromium. Excellent results are obtained when such cobalt-chromium alloys also contain from 0% to 12% of nickel, from to 12% of tungsten, from 0% to 1% of titanium, from 0.4% to 1.2% of carbon, and from 0.05% to 2.5% of zirconium. In some instances, the presence of other trace materials is desirable including up to tantalum, up to 3 columbium, up to 0.01% boron, up to 1.5% iron, up to 0.2% manganese, and up to 0.2% silicon. Traces of such impurities as sulfur, phosphorus and copper and the like in amounts which do not detract from the thermal resistance of the basic cobalt alloy can also be present.
A preferred alloy for treatment in accordance with this invention is a commercial alloy known as SM 302 which has the following nominal chemical analysis:
Percent by Weight Chromium 21.5
Tungsten 10.0 Tantalum 9.0
Patented Sept. 26, 1967 Percent by weight Zirconium 0.25
Iron 1.0 Nickel max 1.5
Boron 0.01
Carbon 0.86
Cobalt, remainder.
Alloy WI 52 is a cobalt base alloy having relatively large amounts of chromium and tungsten in its composition which is specified as follows:
Cobalt, remainder.
Alloy X 40 is a cobalt base alloy having the following specification analysis:
Carbon 0.45-0.55 Manganese max 1.0 Silicon max 1.0 Phosphorus max 0.04 Sulfur max 0.04 Chromium 24.526.5 Nickel 9.511.5 Tungsten 7.08.0 Iron max 2.0
Cobalt, remainder.
The granular composition making up the pack would generally contain from about 0.5% to 2% by weight of chromium metal, from 1.5% to 3% by weight of the aluminum magnesium alloy containing from 10% to 20% magnesium, from 0.005 to 0.008 by weight of a chromic halide, preferably chromic chloride and from 0.001%. to .005 by weight of either elemental iodine or ammonium iodide and from 95% to 98% by weight of an inert carrier material. The preferred inert carrier material is activated alumina, i.e., aluminum oxide, although other materials such as baked kaolin and magnesium oxide can also be employed.
The preferred composition contains about 1% by weight of chromium, about 2% by weight of an aluminummagnesium alloy, containing 15% by weight of magnesium, about 0.005% by weight of chromic chloride, about 0.001% by weight of either elemental iodine or ammonium iodide and about 97% by weight of activated aluminum oxide.
The granular material should be finely divided and will be sufficiently fine to pass through a 50 mesh sieve and preferably through a mesh sieve.
FIGURE 1 represents a suitable container for use in carrying out the method of this invention. This container consists of an inner retort 1 having a cover 2 both fabricated of any substance capable of withstanding the temperatures of operation. Deposited Within the container is the granulated packing material 3 having been the composition described above andembedded within the packing material are one or more shaped cobalt alloy particles 4 to be coated. A glass ring 5 surroundsthe inner retort at its contact point with cover 2.
In operation, the alloy to be coated is first cleaned by sandblasting and is then subsequently heat treated in a hydrogen atmosphere to remove any traces of an oxide layer. The treated alloy is then embedded in the powder mixtures within container 1. The container is closed and placed in a suitable heating device such as a mufiie furnace equipped with a gas-tight door and containing gas inlet and outlet ports. The heating device is purged with an inert gas such as helium or ar on to remove the air, and thereupon the protective gas to be employed in the process, either hydrogen or an inert gas such as helium or argon is supplied. Hydrogen is preferred. The temperature within the heating device is raised to a temperature of from 300 F. to 500 F., preferably about 400 F. and maintained for a short time to remove any moisture contained within the system. The temperature is then raised slowly to just below the melting point of the glass 5 to allow the system to come to equilibrium temperature and to allow any remaining air or other gases to leave the retort. The temperature is then raised to above the melting point of the glass ring 5, thereby causing the glass to melt and form a liquid seal isolating completely the contents of the container from the outside environment. Thereupon the heating device is allowed to come to the diffusion temperature, about 1800 F. to 2200 F. and maintained there for the desired time, generally from 8 to 16 hours. The particular time and temperature employed will, of course, vary within the suggested range depending upon the exact composition of the alloy and the desired amount of coating to be applied.
The following example represents the preferred mode of carrying out the invention.
Two samples of SM 302 alloy, a high cobalt alloy described above, were sand blasted and heated in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 2000-2100 F. for two to four hours to remove any surface oxide coating. The alloy articles were then embedded in 2000 grams of a granular powder mixture within a retort. This granular powder contained 97% by weight of 100 mesh activated alumina, 2% by weight of a 100-250 mesh aluminummagnesium alloy containing 85% aluminum and 15% magnesium, 1% of a 100 mesh chromium metal, 0.005% of chromic chloride and 0.001% of elemental iodine.
The retort employed was that illustrated in FIGURE 1. After the retort was closed with the top and the glass ring, it was placed in an oven equipped with gas inlet and outlet ports and purged with argon to remove the air and thereupon hydrogen gas was admitted and the furnace was held at a temperature of 400 F. for 30 minutes to remove any moisture contained in the mix ture. The temperature of the furnace was then raised at the rate of 200 F. per hour to about 1200 F., to allow the system to come to equilibrium temperature and to allow any remaining air to escape from the retort. T hereupon the temperature was raised to 1350 F., 50 above the melting point of the glass and maintained for 30 minutes while the glass melted and formed a liquid seal. Thereupon the temperature was raised to 2050 F. and maintained for 16 hours. At the conclusion of this period, the furnace was allowed to cool, the glass seal was broken and the diffusion coated alloy removed. Upon testing, none of the samples showed any weight loss after being heated for 100 hours at 2100 F., indicating that the coating method of this invention is well suited for use in protecting gas turbine blades from erosion due to oxidation. One of the samples showed a negligible weight increase at the end of 100 hours of about 0.4%, while the other sample showed an equally negligible weight increase of about 1.6%. This contrasts with an uncoated alloy which would show a weight loss of 12% or more when heated for even as much as 60 or 70 hours at 2100 F. v
Similar results are obtained when other high cobalt alloys are employed.
We claim:
1. The method of forming a protective coating on a oobalt alloy containing at least about 35% of cobalt, which renders the alloy resistant to oxidation at elevated temperatures, comprising embedding the alloy to be coated in a granular mixture of from 0.5% to 2% by weight of chromium metal, from 1.5% to 3% by weight of an aluminum-magnesium alloy containing from 10% to 20% magnesium, from 0.005% to 0.008% by weight of chromic chloride and from 0.001% to 0.005% by weight of a substance selected from the group consisting of elemental iodine and ammonium iodide, and from to 98% by weight of an inert carrier material, and heating the embedded alloy, in a protective atmosphere, at a temperature, at least about 1800 F., and a time suflicient to obtain the desired coating thickness.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the inert carrier material is activated aluminum oxide.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the granular mixture is of a particle size small enough to pass through a 50 mesh sieve.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the cobalt alloy contains from 15 to 27% by weight of chromium, from 5% to 12% of tungsten, from 0.4% to 1.2% of carbon, from 0.05% to 2.5% of zirconium, up to 12% nickel and up to 1% titanium.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the protective atmosphere is a hydrogen atmosphere.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein the protective atmosphere is a hydrogen atmosphere.
7. The method of claim 3 wherein the cobalt alloy is embedded in the granular mixture within a container, and the temperature is slowly elevated to permit the escape of extraneous gases and then the melting of a glass ring to form a liquid glass seal closing the container to the passage of gases.
8. The method of forming a protective coatin on a cobalt alloy containing at least about 50% by weight of cobalt and from about 15% to 27% by weight of chromium, thereby rendering the alloy more resistant to oxidation at elevated temperatures, comprising embedding the alloy to be coated on a finely divided granular mixture containing about 1% by weight of chromium, about 2% by weight of an aluminum-magnesium alloy containing 15 by weight of magnesium, about 0.005 by weight of chromic chloride, about 0.001% by weight of a substance selected from the group consisting of elemental iodine and ammonium iodide and about 97% by weight of activated aluminum oxide, and heating the embedded alloy, in a hydrogen atmosphere, at a temperature, at least about 1800 F., at a time, sutficient to obtain the desired coating thickness.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the cobalt alloy is embedded in the granular mixture within a container and the temperature is slowly elevated to permit the escape of extraneous gases and then the melting of a glass ring to form a liquid glass seal closing the container to the passage of gases.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the cobalt alloy contains from 15 to 27% by weight of chromium, from 5% to 12% of tungsten, from 0.4% to 1.2% of carbon, from 0.05% to 2.5% of zirconium, up to 12% nickel and up to 1% titanium.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the cobalt alloy has the following approximate chemical composition Percent Chromium 21.5
Tungsten 10 Zirconium .25
Tantalum 9 Iron 1 Nickel up to 1.5 Boron 0.01
Carbon 0.9
Cobalt, remainder.
(References on following page) 5 6 References Cited 3,163,553 12/1964 Commanday 117107.2 3,257,227 6/1966 Seelig 117 -107.'2 UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,257,230 6/1966 Wachtell 117-1072 3,096,160 7/1963 Puyear 117-107.2 3,096,205 7/1963 De Guisto 117 107.2 5 ALFRED LEAVITT, Pl'lmary Exammer- 3,157,532 11/1964 Galmiche 117 107.2
A. GOLIAN, Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF FORMING A PROTECTIVE COATING ON A COBALT ALLOY CONTAINING AT LEAST ABOUT 36% OF COBALT, WHICH RENDERS THE ALLOY RESISTANT TO OXIDATION AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES, COMPRISING EMBEDDING THE ALLOY TO BE COATED IN A GRANULAR MIXTURE OF FROM 0.5% TO 2% BY WEIGHT OF CHROMIUM METAL, FROM 1.5% TO 3% BY WEIGHT OF AN ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM ALLOY CONTAINING FROM 10% TO 20% MAGNESIUM, FROM 0.005% TO 0.008% BY WEIGHT OF CHROMIC CHLORIDE AND FROM 0.001% TO 0.005% BY WEIGHT OF A SUBSTANCE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ELEMENTAL IODINE AND AMMONIUM IODIDE, AND FROM 95% TO 98% BY WEIGHT OF AN INERT CARRIER MATERIAL, AND HEATING THE EMBEDDED ALLOY, IN A PROTECTIVE ATMOSPHERE, AT A TEMPERATURE, AT LEAST ABOUT 1800*F., AND A TIME SUFFICIENT TO OBTAIN THE DESIRED COATING THICKNESS.
US405532A 1964-10-21 1964-10-21 Coating of cobalt alloys Expired - Lifetime US3343982A (en)

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US405532A US3343982A (en) 1964-10-21 1964-10-21 Coating of cobalt alloys
DEU12112A DE1295955B (en) 1964-10-21 1965-10-13 Insertion diffusion process for the production of a coating on a cobalt alloy
GB43900/65A GB1055608A (en) 1964-10-21 1965-10-15 Improvements in and relating to coating of cobalt alloys
FR35656A FR1482837A (en) 1964-10-21 1965-10-20 Cobalt alloy coating improvements
SE13556/65A SE316346B (en) 1964-10-21 1965-10-20
BE671197D BE671197A (en) 1964-10-21 1965-10-21
US678123A US3462820A (en) 1964-10-21 1967-08-09 Coated cobalt alloys

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3656924A (en) * 1969-11-17 1972-04-18 Owens Illinois Inc Apparatus and methods for melting glass compositions for glass laser rods
US3753668A (en) * 1970-04-16 1973-08-21 Api Corp Diffusion coated metallic substrate
US4041196A (en) * 1974-09-18 1977-08-09 Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc. Diffusion treatment of metal
US4156042A (en) * 1975-04-04 1979-05-22 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Coating articles having fine bores or narrow cavities in a pack-cementation process
US20110067796A1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2011-03-24 Deloro Stellite Holdings Corporation Slurry-based manufacture of thin wall metal components
US20110252833A1 (en) * 2008-12-16 2011-10-20 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Filmed metal member for float glass manufacturing equipment and float glass manufacturing method

Citations (6)

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US3656924A (en) * 1969-11-17 1972-04-18 Owens Illinois Inc Apparatus and methods for melting glass compositions for glass laser rods
US3753668A (en) * 1970-04-16 1973-08-21 Api Corp Diffusion coated metallic substrate
US4041196A (en) * 1974-09-18 1977-08-09 Alloy Surfaces Company, Inc. Diffusion treatment of metal
US4156042A (en) * 1975-04-04 1979-05-22 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Coating articles having fine bores or narrow cavities in a pack-cementation process
US20110067796A1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2011-03-24 Deloro Stellite Holdings Corporation Slurry-based manufacture of thin wall metal components
US8551395B2 (en) * 2008-05-28 2013-10-08 Kennametal Inc. Slurry-based manufacture of thin wall metal components
US20110252833A1 (en) * 2008-12-16 2011-10-20 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Filmed metal member for float glass manufacturing equipment and float glass manufacturing method

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BE671197A (en) 1966-02-14
SE316346B (en) 1969-10-20
GB1055608A (en) 1967-01-18

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