US3343248A - Apparatus for joining two tubular metal elements by simultaneous deformation to forminterlocking ridges - Google Patents

Apparatus for joining two tubular metal elements by simultaneous deformation to forminterlocking ridges Download PDF

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Publication number
US3343248A
US3343248A US472258A US47225865A US3343248A US 3343248 A US3343248 A US 3343248A US 472258 A US472258 A US 472258A US 47225865 A US47225865 A US 47225865A US 3343248 A US3343248 A US 3343248A
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Prior art keywords
elements
collar
explosive
coupling
yield strength
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US472258A
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English (en)
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Silverman Daniel
Harold M Lang
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SHOK LOK CO
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SHOK LOK CO
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Priority to US472258A priority Critical patent/US3343248A/en
Priority to FR69078A priority patent/FR1486386A/fr
Priority to DE19661552077 priority patent/DE1552077A1/de
Priority to BE684253D priority patent/BE684253A/xx
Priority to NL6609963A priority patent/NL6609963A/xx
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L13/14—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints made by plastically deforming the material of the pipe, e.g. by flanging, rolling
    • F16L13/16—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints made by plastically deforming the material of the pipe, e.g. by flanging, rolling the pipe joint consisting of overlapping extremities having mutually co-operating collars
    • F16L13/166—Deformed by radially expanding an inner part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/04—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes with tubes; of tubes with rods
    • B21D39/042—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes with tubes; of tubes with rods using explosives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L13/14—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints made by plastically deforming the material of the pipe, e.g. by flanging, rolling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L13/14—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints made by plastically deforming the material of the pipe, e.g. by flanging, rolling
    • F16L13/147—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints made by plastically deforming the material of the pipe, e.g. by flanging, rolling by radially expanding the inner part
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L13/14—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints made by plastically deforming the material of the pipe, e.g. by flanging, rolling
    • F16L13/16—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints made by plastically deforming the material of the pipe, e.g. by flanging, rolling the pipe joint consisting of overlapping extremities having mutually co-operating collars
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
    • Y10T29/4994—Radially expanding internal tube

Definitions

  • FIG.5 APPARATUS FOR JOINING TWO TUBULAR METAL ELEMENTS BY SIMULTANEOUS DEFORMATION TO FORM INTERLOCKING RIDGES Filed July 15, 1965 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIG.5
  • This invention is concerned with means for joining such tubular metal elements, and more particularly is concerned with the coupling assemblies, explosive assemblies and like apparatus for joining said tubular elements, tubes and pipes.
  • this invention is concerned with apparatus for joining tubular metal elements in pairs by inserting one into the other to form an overlapping section and applying radial shock pressure of sufficient magnitude to force said overlapping elements together.
  • This invention includes also the provision of explosive assemblies for creating and transmitting to said elements shock force pressures of sufficient magnitude to force them together. Also contemplated is the use of high radial pressure to force the overlapping elements into intimate contact with each other and with an encircling means which provides a pattern of restraint against which the elements are simultaneously deformed to form a corresponding pattern of interlocking ridges and depressions or other deformations, in the mating surfaces of the two elements which lock them together.
  • the methods of providing the pressure sealing contact is obtained by overlapping the two elements and explosively driving one element into intimate contact with the other element.
  • These interlocking deformations are formed by simultaneously deforming the two elements while they are restrained over part of their surface by -a third specially shaped, substantially rigid encircling restraining means.
  • the encircling means can have depressions in its inner surface so that the elements are deformed or bulged outward into the depressions to form ridges on the outside of the outer element.
  • the encircling means can have ridges on its inside surface, and the internal explosive pressure will deform the elements over and around these ridges to form depressions in the outer surface of the outer element. Corresponding matching depressions or bulges or deformations are formed on the mating surfaces of the two elements, which intimately interlock together to provide tensile and torsional strength to the joint.
  • the encircling means can have a circumferential pattern of depressions or projections, continuous or discontinuous, or perforations and since there is simultaneous deformation of the two elements, their interlocking projections or ridges will be in exact conformity with each other and with the pattern on the encircling means.
  • the encircling means is substantially undeformable and the elements are deformed to take on the contour of the inner surface of this encircling restraining means. While no material is truly undeformable, some have greater yield strength than others, and what we desired is that the strength of the encircling restraining means be greater than that of the tubular elements, and it thus has the ability to withstand greater tensile stress without being substantially deformed itself. The elements will thus bulge outwardly into the convolution of the encircling restraining means.
  • the encircling restraining means which can be a ring or anvil, can be removable, or fixed. If removable, it can be an assembly of two or more closely fitting parts that are hinged or bolted or otherwise clamped around the outer element. We prefer that it be a single metal or other means, closely fitted around the outer element.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the encircling means is such as to provide circumferential depressions or ridges in the elements similar to the contour of the inner surface of the encircling means, against which the elements are forced by internal explosive pressure.
  • the encircling means might be considered to provide a pattern of restraint against the outer surface of the outer element, coupling or collar.
  • the ridges on the inner surface of the encircling means pressing on the outer surface provide the restraint, while the troughs or depressions, being separated from the surface of the outer element do not provide restraint until the outer element is deformed to fill the depression.
  • the convolutions of the internal surface of the encircling means will have a predetermined pattern which will provide a corresponding pattern of restraint and freedom over the surface of the outer element.
  • the encircling means does not have to be coextensive with the outer surface of the outer element, but need only be as extensive as the pattern of restraining areas since the pattern of free areas can be provided by free space.
  • the encircling restraining means can be a heavy extensive metal ring with convolutions on its internal surface, or it can be an open work of rings, wires, helices, perforations etc., provided only that restraint is provided at the proper areas, and nonrestraint or freedom at other areas to provide the desired pattern of restraint.
  • the inner element is correspondingly deformed simultaneously to form a pattern of interlocking ridges and troughs in the mating surfaces of the elements to lock them together.
  • the encircling restraining means must be made of material which is less deformable than the material of which the elements are constructed.
  • One possible material is, of course, high yield strength metals such as steel or special alloys.
  • other materials such as fiberglass fibers, or fiberglass reinforced plastic may be used, or molded plastic wrapped with strands of fiberglass may be used, or any combination of these materials.
  • the low yield strength material of which the tubular elements are made is stressed beyond its elastic limit in those areas of low restraint where there are depressions or perforations in the encircling ring thus permanent bulges or deformations are formed.
  • the stress in the high yield strength material is below the elastic limit.
  • the ring may expand slightly under the shock force, it returns to its original shape and size when the shock force has passed.
  • those areas of the tubular element in contact with the high yield strength material are restrained from strain beyond their elastic limit. Thus they are not deformed and remain at substantially their original size. Furthermore, after the shock force has passed, they are held in compression by the tensile stress in the encircling ring.
  • the shock force required to deform the elements is derived from the detonation of a volume of explosive composition.
  • the explosive shock force of the detonation can be transmitted from the explosive composition to the elements by filling the annular space between them with an explosive-shock-force transmitting material that is in intimate shock force transmitting contact with the exposive composition and with the inside of the inner element. This is fully explained in our copending application S.N. 455,556.
  • This shock force transmitting medium is a means for carrying the shock force substantially undiminished (except for radial divergence) from the explosive source to any desired portion of the overlapped section of the elements.
  • the axial extent of this material need only be as great as those portions of the elements that are to be deformed. This is generally comparable to the axial dimension of the groove or ridge pattern of the encircling restraining means.
  • the two elements that are to be joined need not both be long pipes.
  • One of them can be a short length of tube which is used as a coupling element or collar.
  • one pipe element is deformed in and with one end of the collar and another pipe element is deformed in and with the other end.
  • the joining of the collar to the two pipe ends can be done sequentially or simultaneously.
  • the end of one pipe can be belled out to form an overlap area with the unbelled end of another pipe.
  • a rod element can be joined with a tube element by drilling or boring at central hole in one end of the rod to form a short tubular wall, which is overlapped with the tubing element, and so on.
  • the principal object of this invention is to provide apparatus for joining two overlapping tubular elements by simultaneously deforming them by explosive shock force.
  • the elements may be unlined or lined with material of various compositions.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide coupling assemblies, and explosive assemblies for accomplishing the deformations.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide circumferential means for restraining the outward movement of the elements so as to cause controlled deformations.
  • Another object is to provide an encircling means which provides a predetermined pattern of restraint against the outward movement of the elements.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 show, in cross-section and end view, respectively, one embodiment of this invention in which a coupling assembly is used for joining two tubular elements.
  • FIGURE 3 shows in cross-section another embodiment with a pair of closed metal rings as restraining means.
  • FIGURE 4 shows in cross section another embodiment joining lined tubular elements and using a metal helix as a restraining means.
  • FIGURES 5 and 6 show details in which a porous ring is supported by the tubular coupling.
  • FIGURES 7a and 7b show in cross-section details of the encircling restraining means to provide a pattern of restraint about the outside of the tubular coupling.
  • FIGURES 8 and 9 show in cross-section and end view, respectively, one embodiment of a coupling assembly.
  • FIGURE 10 shows another embodiment of an encircling restraining means
  • FIGURES 11 and 12 show two embodiments of a coupling assembly in which the coupling is placed inside the tubular elements.
  • FIGURE 11 is for unlined and FIGURE 12 for lined tubular elements.
  • FIGURES 13 and 14 show other embodiments of encircling restraining means.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 we show two tubular elements 11 and 12 placed in colinear relation, almost end to end. One end of each element is slipped into one end of the tubular collar or connector 13 to form two overlap zones, such as 14.
  • a ring of material 18 characterized as a compressible, lossy, porous material incapable of transmitting efficiently explosive shock forces.
  • This material may be papier mache, compressed sawdust, or similar porous material, although we prefer foamed plastic or similar semi-rigid cellular, porous material.
  • This porous ring 18 is pressed into the center of the collar 13. It has a central opening by means of which it supports an elongated volume of explosive composition 16 which may also contain its own detonator, or which may be adapted, as will be described in connection with FIGURE 3, to receive a separate detonator.
  • These are characterized as being of substantially incompressible, deformable material capable of transmitting efficiently an explosive shock force, and as explained in our copending application, S.N. 455,556, might be composed of rubber, plastic, or other elastomer, wax, grease, etc.
  • These rings 17a and 17b are tightly fitted around the explosive 16, and are of such outer diameter that when the elements 11 and 12 are inserted into collar 13, there will be intimate, contiguous, shock-force-transmitting contact between the explosive composition 16, the rings 17a and 17 b, and the tubular elements 11 and 12.
  • a restraining ring or anvil 19 This can be made in two parts 19a, 19b, which can be clamped together by means such as the bolts 20 and nuts 21 shown in FIGURE 2 (but omitted from FIGURE 1). A central opening is bored to take the explosive assembly 15, the elements 11 and 12, and the collar 13. The restraining ring or anvil 19 tightly fits the collar 13 over predetermined areas to support it against the outward shock force from the explosive composition 16.
  • the inner surface of the anvil is relieved in one or more areas such as 23a, 23b, to form circumferential troughs or other patterns of depressions. Over these areas where the collar is unsupported, the shock force will deform the elements and collar, as shown at 11' and 13 to the contour of the depressions. This simultaneous deformation will serve to lock the elements separately to the collar to form a strong joint.
  • the depressions 23a, 231) can be complete circumferential depressions, or patterns of smaller depressions, or patterns of ridges or ridges and depressions.
  • the important thing is that under the influence of the explosive shock force pressing the elements to the collar and the collar to the anvil, the elements and collar in their overlap areas will form matching deformations which will lock them together.
  • the porous ring 18 being of the opposite nature, than shock-force-transmitting rings 17a, 17b does not transmit the shock wave from 16, but rather absorbs it, and prevents its efiicient transmission to the central area of the collar, where no deformation is desired. This is one of the important uses of the porous ring 18. Another is that it serves as a centering element to ensure that the elements 11 and 12 when inserted into the collar extend only to the edge of the ring 18. The third important use of the porous ring 18 is that it serves to support the explosive assembly 15 in the proper position within the coupling 13.
  • the anvil 19 and the elements 11 and 12 we have a coupling assembly 25 which comprises the coupling tube or collar 13 carrying on its inside, an explosive kzssembly 15.
  • the explosive assembly comprises the explosive composition 16, with or without detonator carrying the two force conducting rings 17a, 17b, and the porous ring 18.
  • Each of these assemblies, the explosive assembly and the coupling assembly are unitary combinations of essential elements for the joining of tubular elements, the explosive assembly being a sub-assembly of the coupling assembly.
  • FIGURE 3 we show another embodiment illustrating the principles of FIGURE 1, but differing in two ways.
  • the explosive composition 16 includes its own detonator 26.
  • FIGURE 3 We show a tubular extension at one end of the explosive, forming a circular opening 30.
  • a detonator 31 with electric lead wires 32 is adapted to be inserted into the opening 30, and when the appropriate voltage is applied to lead wires 32, the explosive composition will be detonated.
  • the explosive composition may include the detonator, or the detonator may, at the time of use, be placed with the explosive composition.
  • FIGURE 1 we show a removable anvil 19 surrounding the coupling assembly.
  • the purpose of the anvil is to provide restraint for some portions of the surface of the collar, while allowing the collar and tubular elements to deform to the internal contour of the anvil at other portions of the surface of the collar.
  • FIGURE 3 we show another way in which this pattern of restraint and freedom over the surface of the collar can be provided.
  • Over each of the overlapped areas such as 14 is placed at least one closed metal ring 33, 34. These are of material of greater yield strength than the metal of the elements and collar, and serve to provide a oircumferential ridge around which the elements and collar can deform.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the rings 33, 34 can vary to provide the desired pattern of ridges and troughs to provide the desired pattern of restraint to best deform the elements and the collar.
  • the rings 33, 34 are preferably tightly fitted to the collar, and positioned approximately at the center of the overlap area. After the elements and collar are deformed the rings remain in place as part of the joint.
  • the coupling assembly 36 of FIGURE 3 is similar to the coupling assembly 25 of FIGURE 1, except for the permanent rings 33, 34 that form part of the coupling assembly itself.
  • this coupling assembly 36 is really made up, of two -sub-assemblies, the coupling unit 37 comprising the coupling element 13 plus restraining rings 33, 34, and the explosive alssembly 35 comprising the supporting ring 18, explosive composition 16 and shock-force-transmitting rings 17a, 17b.
  • FIGURE 4 we show a variation of the embodiment shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the explosive assembly 15 comprising explosive composition 44, shock force transmitting rings 46a, 46b, and porous ring 47 are similar to those of FIGURE 1.
  • the coupling unit 54 of FIGURE 4 is similar to that, 37, of FIGURE 3, except that we show a helix 51 wrapped around the collar 50 in place of the restraining rings 33, 34.
  • This helix is preferably of material of high yield strength. This can be metal spring wire formed to a helix of smaller diameter than that of 50, so that when it is placed around the coupling 50 it will cling tightly.
  • the ends 51 and 51 of the helix may also be desirable to fasten, such as by spot welding, the ends 51 and 51 of the helix to the collar 50 by welds 52 and 53.
  • This will permit the ends as well as the intermediate turns to provide restraint to the collar against the internal explosive pressure.
  • the multi-turn helix thus presents a more complex pattern of restraint and freedom against the outer surface of the collar 50 than do the rings of FIGURE 3 or the anvil of FIGURE 1.
  • the action of the helix in operation is similar to that of the rings, and, of course, after detonation the helix remains on the collar to form part of the final joint.
  • FIGURE 4 we have a coupling assembly 55 comprising a coupling unit sub-assembly 54 and an explosive sub-assembly 15.
  • FIGURE 4 we have shown also, that it is possible to join and couple lined tubular elements.
  • the tubular elements 40, 42 have thin-walled flexible liners 41, 43, respectively, which extend beyond the ends of the elements and are turned over and back, to form cuffs 47, 48.
  • a plastic liner 49 inside of the collar 50 is a plastic liner 49 which completely bridges the gap between the overlap regions. Then, when the explosive is detonated, the overlapped elements and collar, with intermediate layers of plastic liner, are deformed together to form an interlocked pattern of ridges and troughs.
  • FIGURE 5 we show a variation of the collar and porous ring of FIGURES l and 3.
  • the porous ring is pressed into place in the collar 13 and serves to center the collar over the ends of the tubular elements.
  • FIGURE 5 we show on the inside of the collar 13 a circumferential shoulder 59 that serves as a stop for the elements.
  • the porous ring 58 is a little smaller in diameter and is pressed into the inner surface of the shoulder 59.
  • the shoulder 59 can be joined as part of hte collar 13, or it can be a separate metal or plastic ring 60 pressed into place.
  • FIGURE 6 we show another variation in which the collar 13 has an internal circumferential trough 61 and the porous ring 62 has a corresponding circumferential ridge 63.
  • the ridge 63 fits the trough 61 and permits exact placement of the porous ring.
  • FIGURE 7a we show another embodiment of apparatus for joining in colinear array two tubular elements by overlapping them with a tubular collar and simultaneously deforming them, by internal shock force against an encircling restraining means.
  • the encircling restraining means comprises an encircling element which is in close contact with part of the surface of the outer of the two elements or collar (although this may be a hand slip fit, or a clamped fit).
  • the internal surface of the restraining means considering that it is of the full axial extent of the outer surface, say of the collar, provides a pattern of areas, some of which are restrained against outward movement under the shock force, and others of which are unrestrained against outward movement, and so can deform under the shock force.
  • FIGURE 7a we show two tubular elements 66, 67, inserted end to end in an encircling tubular collar 68.
  • the explosive assembly 71 inside of the elements comprises simply an elongated explosive composition 72 and encircling shock force conducting ring 73 which snugly fits inside the elements 66, 67.
  • a detonator 75 may be attached to or detached from the composition 72.
  • the coupling tube 68 forms part of a coupling unit 74, the other part of which are the two encircling ring elements 69, 70.
  • this coupling unit 74 we prefer to look on this coupling unit 74 as a coupling collar 68 surrounded by a restraining means which covers its entire surface, but presses against and restrains the coupling only at selected points, or areas, namely, where the elements 69 and 70 press against the collar.
  • FIGURE 71 we show a ring 76, of substantially the same axial extent as the collar 68. Its internal surface contour has two circumferential ridges 77a, 77b, identical with those parts of the ring elements 69, 70. The remainder of the internal surface of the ring 76 is relieved sufficiently to provide no restraint to the outward bulging of the collar. So far as the restraining action goes it is immaterial whether we use the two ring elements 69, 70, or the larger ring 76. In other words, the space between and around the ring elements 69, 70, are as much a part of the encircling restraining means as the metal elements themselves.
  • This encircling restraining means may comprise a heavy broad ring 76 with a pattern of ridges and troughs on its inner surface. Or it may comprise a plurality of separate ring elements such as 69, 70, of FIGURE 7a, or it may comprise a helix, such as 51 of FIGURE 4, or any combination or variation of these or similar elements.
  • FIGURES 8 and 9 we show another variation of the coupling unit" comprising the coupling collar 68 with a circumferential restraining means, the helix 79 encircling the collar.
  • the ends of the helix may be fastened to the collar, such as by tack welds 80, or the end turns of the helix may be fastened to adjacent turns of the helix such as by the tack weld 81, FIGURE 8, fastening the end 79 to the adjacent turn 79d.
  • FIGURE 10 we show still another form of the encircling restraining means 88.
  • This comprises a thin coupling collar 97, shock force transmitting ring 100 and explosive composition 99, forms a unitary assembly which is inserted into the ends of the tubular elements 95, 96.
  • Circumferential restraining means such as rings 102, 103, may be placed on the outside of the elements 95, 96, to form a pattern of restraint against which the collar 97 and elements 95, 96, are simultaneously deformed by the shock force from the detonating explosive 99.
  • FIGURE 12 we show another variation of the embodiment of FIGURE 11 in which the tubular elements 95, 96, have internal liners 106, 107, respectively, which are substantially coextensive with the elements.
  • the coupling assembly 105 differs from the coupling assembly 98 of FIGURE 11 in having a deformable sealing means 108 surrounding the collar 97, so that the gap 109 between the liners 106, 107, is covered and sealed by the sealing means 108.
  • FIGURE 13 we show another embodiment of an encircling restraining means 115.
  • the restraining means 115 of FIGURE 13 has a thin-Walled tube about which is placed a restraining means in the form of a multi-turn helix 111.
  • This helix can be formed of high yield strength metal, or other suitable material. It can be fastened to the tube 110 by means such as the tack welds 114a, 114b, 114a, 114d, or other means.
  • the end turns may be fastened to the adjacent turns of the helix such as by the welds 112, 113, that fasten 111a to 1110 and 1112 to 111g, respectively.
  • the material of the tube 110 is not critical, it should have a low yield strength so that it will deform with the collar.
  • This tube serves to carry the high yield strength elements that provide the restraint, such as the rings 90, 91, of FIGURE 10 or the helix of FIGURE 13.
  • the material of which the restraining means is made likewise is not critical so long as it is of high yield strength.
  • FIGURE 14 we show another embodiment of an encircling restraining means.
  • This comprises a thin-walled tube 118, corresponding to 89 of FIGURE 10, which can be made of metal or plastic or the like.
  • These can be arranged in separate ring groups 119a, 119b, 1190, 119d, for example, or in any desired pattern.
  • the group of thin fibers in each ring group 119 will have sufficient strength to restrain the outward movement of the tube 118 and of the collar which it surrounds.
  • the encircling restraining means can be made of metal, plastic, fiberglass, fiberglass impregnated plastic, or any variation or combnation of these materials.
  • the encircling restraining means is a unitary assembly, capable of being used with any of a number of different types of coupling assemblies, and as such can be a separate article of commerce. It may or may not include the thin tube 110 of FIGURE 13, or 118 of FIGURE 14.
  • the helix 111 of FIGURE 13 with end turns fastened to the adjacent turns is a complete and workable encircling restraining means.
  • the assembly would be held together and be perfectly workable without the tube 118.
  • an explosive assembling apparatus for use in joining the ends of two tubular elements which are inserted into said coupling means to form two overlapping zones, said assembling apparatus including explosive means inside said elements for generating an explosive shock force inside said elements to drive them and said coupling means outward against a circumferential means providing a pattern of restraint to simultaneously deform said elements and said coupling means, the improvement comprising, a coupling collar, a multi-turn helix of high yield strength material tightly surrounding said collar and a thin-walled deformable tube lining said collar.
  • an explosive assembling apparatus for joining a coupling collar to the end of at least one tubular element which is inserted into one end of said coupling collar to form an overlapping zone
  • said assembling apparatus including explosive means inside said end of said at least one element for generating an explosive shock force inside said element in the overlapping zone sufficient to drive it and said coupling collar outward against a circumferential restraining means of high yield strength material providing a predetermined pattern of restraint, to simultaneously deform said element and coupling collar to form interlocking ridges and depressions in the mating surfaces thereof
  • the improvement comprising a coupling collar of low yield strength material and at least one circumferential turn of high yield strength material tightly surrounding said collar.
  • Apparatus as in claim 2 including two tubular elements, the ends of which are inserted one into each end of said coupling collar to form two overlapping zones in which said high yield strength material comprises at least two closed rings of high yield strength material spaced apart in alignment with said two overlapping zones and tightly surrounding said collar.
  • said high yield strength material comprises a plurality of turns of high yield strength fibers wrapped tightly around said collar to form the desired pattern of restraint.
  • Apparatus as in claim 2 including an explosive assembly placed inside of said coupling collar, said explosive assembly adapted to generate the explosive shock force to deform said element and said coupling collar.
  • said explosive assembly comprises an elongated volume of explosive composition of lesser diameter than the inner diameter of said element and including at least one ring of substantially incompressible deformable shock-force-transmitting material in intimate surrounding contact with said explosive composition and of outer diameter adapted for slip fit into said element when said at least one element is inserted into said collar.
  • the apparatus of claim 7 including means to detonate said explosive composition.
  • Apparatus as in claim 2 including a thinwalled tube of low yield strength material adapted for snug fit over said coupling collar, and said at least one circumferential turn of high yield strength material tightly surrounding said tube.
  • said high yield strength material comprises at least one closed ring of high yield strength material.
  • Apparatus as in claim 10 in which said high yield strength material comprises a plurality of turns of high yield strength fibers wrapped tightly around said tube to form the desired pattern of restraint.
  • said at least one circumferential turn of high yield strength material comprises a cylindrical structure adapted for snug fit over said coupling collar, at least part of said structure made of high yield strength material disposed in a pattern to form areas of great restraint to outward movement of said elements, with intervening areas of low restraint.
  • Apparatus as in claim 15 in which said high yield strength material is disposed in the form of a cylindrical shell with a pattern of projections on its inner surface.
  • Apparatus as in claim 8 in which there are two overlapping zones and said explosive assembly includes at least two rings of shock force transmitting material symmetrically placed with respect to said two overlapping zones.
  • Apparatus as in claim 20 in which said two overlapping zones are formed by the ends of two tubular elements inserted one into each end of a coupling collar, said explosive assembly supported centrally in said collar by a third ring of material positioned between said two rings of shock force transmitting materiahsaid third ring characterized as porous, compressible, lossy, and incapable of efiiciently transmitting shock forces, said third ring supported on its outer surface by said collar and supporting said explosive composition on its inner surface.
  • the improvement comprising, a coupling collar of low yield strength material overlapping the ends of said elements and at least one closely fitting circumferential turn of high yield strength material surrounding said overlapping zone.
  • Apparatus as in claim 2 including a thin-walled tube of deformable material lining said collar.
  • an explosive assembling apparatus for joining two tubular elements of different diameter such that one end of the smaller element is inserted in slip fit engagement into one end of the larger element to form an overlapping zone and an explosive means is positioned inside of said overlapping zone for generating an explosive shock force inside said elements in said overlapping zone sufficient to drive them outward against a circumferential restraining means of high yield strength material providing a pattern of restraint, to simultaneously deform said elements to form interlocking ridges and depressions in the mating surfaces thereof, the improvement comprising, a thin-walled tube of low yield strength material adapted to fit snugly over the outer of said elements, said tube placed over said overlapping zone, and at least one circumferential turn of high yield strength material closely fitting the outside of said tube.
  • Apparatus as in claim 28 in which said high yield strength material comprises a multi-turn helix of high yield strength material.
  • Apparatus as in claim 28 in which said high yield strength material comprises a plurality of turns of high yield strength fibers wrapped around said tube to form the desired pattern of restraint.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
US472258A 1965-07-15 1965-07-15 Apparatus for joining two tubular metal elements by simultaneous deformation to forminterlocking ridges Expired - Lifetime US3343248A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US472258A US3343248A (en) 1965-07-15 1965-07-15 Apparatus for joining two tubular metal elements by simultaneous deformation to forminterlocking ridges
FR69078A FR1486386A (fr) 1965-07-15 1966-07-12 Procédé et dispositif d'assemblage d'éléments tubulaires
DE19661552077 DE1552077A1 (de) 1965-07-15 1966-07-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbinden roehrenfoermiger Elemente
BE684253D BE684253A (cs) 1965-07-15 1966-07-15
NL6609963A NL6609963A (cs) 1965-07-15 1966-07-15

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US472258A US3343248A (en) 1965-07-15 1965-07-15 Apparatus for joining two tubular metal elements by simultaneous deformation to forminterlocking ridges

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3343248A true US3343248A (en) 1967-09-26

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US472258A Expired - Lifetime US3343248A (en) 1965-07-15 1965-07-15 Apparatus for joining two tubular metal elements by simultaneous deformation to forminterlocking ridges

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US (1) US3343248A (cs)
BE (1) BE684253A (cs)
DE (1) DE1552077A1 (cs)
FR (1) FR1486386A (cs)
NL (1) NL6609963A (cs)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3774291A (en) * 1972-08-04 1973-11-27 Us Air Force Explosive bonding of tubes to fittings
US3877735A (en) * 1973-04-16 1975-04-15 Amp Inc Method and device for joining plastic pipe
US4641775A (en) * 1984-05-14 1987-02-10 Nitro Nobel Ab Means for splicing two pipes
US4746150A (en) * 1983-06-09 1988-05-24 Nitro Nobel Ab Joint for joining together two pipe ends
WO1998049516A1 (en) * 1997-05-01 1998-11-05 The Ensign-Bickford Company Sealing device and a method for assembly thereof
US5967568A (en) * 1997-06-13 1999-10-19 M&Fc Holding Company, Inc. Plastic pipe adaptor for a mechanical joint
US6021715A (en) * 1997-05-02 2000-02-08 The Ensign-Bickford Company Manifold for coupling with a tube and method thereof
US6052888A (en) * 1995-01-18 2000-04-25 M & Fc Holding Company, Inc. Method of stiffening a flexible pipe
US6102496A (en) * 1998-02-10 2000-08-15 Display Industries, Llc. Merchandising display cabinet
US6125762A (en) * 1997-07-03 2000-10-03 The Ensign-Bickford Company Flat-form separation devices
WO2003048521A3 (en) * 2001-12-06 2003-07-24 Weatherford Lamb Method for joining tubulars by expansion

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2436928B1 (fr) * 1978-09-25 1985-11-15 Yorkshire Imperial Metals Ltd Procede pour former un joint d'etanche entre deux elements dont au moins l'un est tubulaire
US4585374A (en) * 1979-08-16 1986-04-29 Jet Research Center Inc. High energy formed connections
BE880453A (fr) * 1979-08-16 1980-04-01 Jet Res Ct Inc Raccords formes par application d'une haute energie et utilises dans les structures marines
SE458302B (sv) * 1982-12-03 1989-03-13 Nitro Nobel Ab Anordning foer att aastadkomma ett skarvfoerband mellan tvaa metalliska roer medelst explosionssvetsning i ett omgivande ooenskat medium saasom vatten
SE441695C (sv) * 1983-03-07 1990-12-10 Jan Delersjoe Metod foer skarvning eller reparation av roerledningar under vatten
GB2189562B (en) * 1985-09-04 1989-01-11 Allseas Eng Bv Method for connecting together lengths of pipe

Citations (5)

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GB766741A (en) * 1954-12-23 1957-01-23 Martin Horeth Method of permanently connecting metal pipes
US2779279A (en) * 1952-03-08 1957-01-29 Paul S Maiwurm Apparatus for securing a tube or tubes in a body member
US2903504A (en) * 1956-02-24 1959-09-08 Tuck Edward Explosive feedthrough connector
US3036374A (en) * 1959-08-10 1962-05-29 Olin Mathieson Metal forming
US3167122A (en) * 1962-05-04 1965-01-26 Pan American Petroleum Corp Method and apparatus for repairing casing

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2779279A (en) * 1952-03-08 1957-01-29 Paul S Maiwurm Apparatus for securing a tube or tubes in a body member
GB766741A (en) * 1954-12-23 1957-01-23 Martin Horeth Method of permanently connecting metal pipes
US2903504A (en) * 1956-02-24 1959-09-08 Tuck Edward Explosive feedthrough connector
US3036374A (en) * 1959-08-10 1962-05-29 Olin Mathieson Metal forming
US3167122A (en) * 1962-05-04 1965-01-26 Pan American Petroleum Corp Method and apparatus for repairing casing

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3774291A (en) * 1972-08-04 1973-11-27 Us Air Force Explosive bonding of tubes to fittings
US3877735A (en) * 1973-04-16 1975-04-15 Amp Inc Method and device for joining plastic pipe
US4746150A (en) * 1983-06-09 1988-05-24 Nitro Nobel Ab Joint for joining together two pipe ends
US4641775A (en) * 1984-05-14 1987-02-10 Nitro Nobel Ab Means for splicing two pipes
US6052888A (en) * 1995-01-18 2000-04-25 M & Fc Holding Company, Inc. Method of stiffening a flexible pipe
WO1998049516A1 (en) * 1997-05-01 1998-11-05 The Ensign-Bickford Company Sealing device and a method for assembly thereof
US5898123A (en) * 1997-05-01 1999-04-27 The Ensign-Bickford Company Sealing device and a method for assembly thereof
US6021715A (en) * 1997-05-02 2000-02-08 The Ensign-Bickford Company Manifold for coupling with a tube and method thereof
US5967568A (en) * 1997-06-13 1999-10-19 M&Fc Holding Company, Inc. Plastic pipe adaptor for a mechanical joint
US6131265A (en) * 1997-06-13 2000-10-17 M & Fc Holding Company Method of making a plastic pipe adaptor
US6125762A (en) * 1997-07-03 2000-10-03 The Ensign-Bickford Company Flat-form separation devices
US6102496A (en) * 1998-02-10 2000-08-15 Display Industries, Llc. Merchandising display cabinet
WO2003048521A3 (en) * 2001-12-06 2003-07-24 Weatherford Lamb Method for joining tubulars by expansion
GB2401132A (en) * 2001-12-06 2004-11-03 Weatherford Lamb Method for joining tubulars by expansion
GB2401132B (en) * 2001-12-06 2006-08-30 Weatherford Lamb Tubing expansion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE684253A (cs) 1967-01-16
FR1486386A (fr) 1967-06-23
NL6609963A (cs) 1967-01-16
DE1552077A1 (de) 1970-12-17

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