US3341372A - Process for heat treating cast maraging steels - Google Patents
Process for heat treating cast maraging steels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3341372A US3341372A US471458A US47145865A US3341372A US 3341372 A US3341372 A US 3341372A US 471458 A US471458 A US 471458A US 47145865 A US47145865 A US 47145865A US 3341372 A US3341372 A US 3341372A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- steels
- hours
- steel
- cast
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001240 Maraging steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 up to 0.03% boron Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
- C22C38/105—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt containing Co and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for heat treating ferrous-base alloys and more particularly to a process wherein cast steels of the maraging type are subjected to a sequence of heat treating operations whereby the capability of such steels to resist stress-corrosion cracking is markedly improved.
- the present invention contemplates subjecting a cast maraging steel containing about 14% to about 17.5% nickel, about 8% to about 12% cobalt, about 4% to about molybdenum, up to about 0.45% or 0.5% titanium, up to about 0.5% aluminum, e.g., about 0.03% to about 0.45% aluminum, up to about 0.05% carbon, up to 0.1% zirconium and the balance being essentially iron to a heat treatment cycle which includes (a) heating the steel at a temperature of about 1700 F. to about 1850 F.
- the steels can also contain up to about 3.5% chromium, which can be used to replace an equivalent percentage of nickel on a weight to weight basis. However, the sum of the nickel plus chromium should not exceed 17.5% and the nickel content should not be less than about 14%.
- Small amounts of supplemental or auxiliary elements can be present including up to about 2% tungsten, up to about 0.5 columbium, up to about 0.45% vanadium, up to about 0.5 tantalum, up to about 3% copper and up to about 0.3% beryllium.
- the supplemental elements which can contribute to the hardness or strength of the steels should not exceed a total of about 4% and preferably should not exceed a total of 3%.
- Deoxidizing and/or malleabilizing elements can also be present in small amounts, including up to about 0.05 boron, e.g., up to 0.03% boron, up to 0.2% of each of silicon and manganese, rare earth elements and other such constituents such as lithium, magnesium and uranium.
- impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen, antimony, tin, selenium, tellurium, arsenic and bismuth should be kept at low levels consistent with good commercial steelmaking practice.
- the steels can be prepared in the manner described in US. Patent No. 3,132,937.
- a particular satisfactory alloy composition is as follows: 16% to 17.5% nickel, 9.5% to 11.5% cobalt, 4.4% to 5% molybdenum, 0.1% to 0.45 titanium, 0.03% to 0.45% aluminum, up to about 0.03% carbon, up to about 0.1% zirconium, with the balance being essentially iron.
- the compositions herein described are those contemplated in US. Patent No. 3,132,937.
- the tem perature of the homogenization treatment should not fall below that necessary to insure the occurrence of recrystallization and a temperature of at least 1750 F. is preferred. While the complete theory is not yet at hand which might explain the phenomenon responsible for the striking improvement in stress-corrosion cracking behavior obtainable in accordance herewith, it is considered that the unusually small grain size, about ASTM No. 6 or finsteel development described in US. Patent No. 3,132,937, this is quite unexpected. In that patent, the recommended optimum homogenizing temperature was 2100 F., it being preferred not to depart more than 50 F. therefrom.
- the maximum homogenizing temperature should not exceed 1850 F. and a temperature range for the first stage of the heat treatment cycle is preferably from 1750 F. to 1825 F.
- the austenite to go back into solution such that it transforms to martensite on cooling before aging. While a solution anneal over the range of 1350 F. to 1600 F. is satisfactory, a temperature range of about 1400 F. to 1550" F. with a holding time of about one to eight hours is preferred. Following the solution anneal, the steels are cooled until a martensitic structure is obtained and are thereafter aged.
- a temperature of from 800 F. to about 1000 F. can be employed although it is preferred to use a temperature within a range of about 850 F. to 950 F.
- temperatures appreciably below 800 F. require an inordinately long time to achieve a sufficient aging response and even then a full aging might not be achieved.
- temperatures of above about 1000 F. tend to promote austenite reversion which can result in lower strengths and hardness.
- the conditioning treatment is most essential, for without it, a fine grain structure is not obtained and stresscorrosion characteristics are poor. It would appear that this treatment results in a condition whereby retained austenite is present or the martensite formed as a result of the first cooling step reverts to austenite. Proceeding further, it is considered that this austenite forms additional nuclei for the ultimate obtaining of a fine grain size, the austenite co-existing with other phases.
- the minimum temperature for the second stage heating should not fall below a temperature of about 1000 F.; otherwise, insufficient nuclei would be present for the formation of new grains and a temperature of at least 1050 F. or 1075 F. is most advantageous since such temperatures promote finer grains, e.g., ASTM No. 8.
- temperatures above 1250 F. can lead to inferior results since such temperatures seemingly tend to contribute to coarser grains and thus such temperatures should be avoided. It is advantageous that the second stage heat treating operation be conducted over a temperature of about 1050 F. to 1150 F. for about one hour to six hours.
- the steels can be cooled to room temperature before subjecting them to the third heating operation of the four-stage cycle. However, if desired, the steels can be immediately brought to the temperature range over which the solution annealing operation is conducted.
- the yield and ultimate tensile strengths are seriously impaired should this step be omitted and this is deemed attributable to an austenite effect.
- the retained or reverted austenite brought about by the conditioning treatment is characterized by stability. In other words, if the steels are cooled from the conditioning treatment and then aged (or are directly aged), excessive amounts of austenite are still present because being stable the austenite does not transform to martensite. Now this austenite is much softer and weaker than, say, martensite and, as a consequence, lower strengths ensue.
- Heat Treatment A a heat treatment in accordance with the invention
- Heat Treatment B the latter consisting of homogenizing at 1800 F. for four hours, air cooling to room temperature, heating to a temperature of 1100 F. and holding for about four hours, transferring to a furnace at 1500 F. and holding thereat for about one hour, air cooling to room temperature, aging at 900 F. for about three hours and finally air cooling to room temperature.
- Table III illustrates the significant loss in toughness characteristics as reflected by the substantial drop in tensile elongation and severe loss in reduction of area resulting from the application of modified Heat Treatment B.
- Steels Nos. 1 and 2 having a section size of inch when subjected to Heat Treatment A in accordance with the invention manifested the same order of magnitude in mechanical properties as those obtained in connection with Alloy No. 3 having a thickness of three inches.
- no appreciable sacrifice in mechanical characteristics is experienced in achieving the high resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in accordance herewith.
- a distinct advantage of the present invention is that cast steels of the maraging type are greatly less susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking in marine environments, particularly sea water and ambient atmospheres.
- the cast steels can be used in such applications as gun parts, tools, rolls, dies, etc.
- a process for improving the resistance to stresscorrosion cracking of martensitic cast steels containing about 14% to about 17.5% nickel, about 8% to about 12% cobalt, about 4% to about 5% molybdenum, up to about 0.5% titanium, up to about 0.5% aluminum, up to about 0.05% carbon, up to 0.1% zirconium, up to about 3.5% chromium with the sum of nickel plus chromium not exceeding 17.5%, up to about 2% tungsten,
- a process for improving the resistance to stresscorrosion cracking of martensitic cast steels containing about 14% to about 17.5% nickel, about 8% to about 12% cobalt, about 4% to about 5% molybdenum, up to about 0.5% titanium, up to about 0.5% aluminum, up to about 0.05% carbon, the balance essentially iron which comprises subjecting the steels to a homogenization heat treatment within the temperature range of1750" F. to 1825 F. for a period sufiicient to achieve a good homogencous structure, cooling the said steel to a temperature sufiiciently low to provide a martensitic structure, heating the steels within a temperature range of about 1050 F. to 1150 F.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US471458A US3341372A (en) | 1965-07-12 | 1965-07-12 | Process for heat treating cast maraging steels |
| GB29479/66A GB1096978A (en) | 1965-07-12 | 1966-06-30 | Heat treatment of steel |
| CH986466A CH461110A (fr) | 1965-07-12 | 1966-07-07 | Procédé de traitement thermique d'un acier moulé |
| BE683978D BE683978A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1965-07-12 | 1966-07-12 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US471458A US3341372A (en) | 1965-07-12 | 1965-07-12 | Process for heat treating cast maraging steels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3341372A true US3341372A (en) | 1967-09-12 |
Family
ID=23871707
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US471458A Expired - Lifetime US3341372A (en) | 1965-07-12 | 1965-07-12 | Process for heat treating cast maraging steels |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3341372A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE683978A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CH (1) | CH461110A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1096978A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3453153A (en) * | 1966-07-25 | 1969-07-01 | Int Nickel Co | Process for improving fatigue life of metal |
| US3642595A (en) * | 1969-09-23 | 1972-02-15 | Us Air Force | Thermal grain refinement of maraging steel |
| US6663730B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2003-12-16 | Imphy Ugine Precision | Maraging steel and process for manufacturing a strip or a part cut out of a strip of cold-rolled maraging steel |
| DE19857156B4 (de) * | 1998-12-11 | 2005-03-24 | Aktiengesellschaft der Dillinger Hüttenwerke | Verwendung eines Panzerungsbleches aus martensitaushärtendem Stahl |
| US20070261237A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-15 | Viking Pump, Inc. | Methods for Hardening Pump Casings |
| US20100189590A1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2010-07-29 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Maraging steel and maraging steel for metallic belt |
| US20170198381A1 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2017-07-13 | Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc | Ferrous Alloy |
| CN117127114A (zh) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-11-28 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 超高强度钢及其制备方法、电子设备结构件和电子设备 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2176674C1 (ru) * | 2001-03-01 | 2001-12-10 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Центральный научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов "Прометей" | Способ термической обработки высокопрочных коррозионно-стойких хромоникелевых сталей мартенситного класса |
| EP3728652B1 (fr) | 2017-12-19 | 2024-04-17 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Procédé de traitement thermique d'une pièce en acier maraging |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3093519A (en) * | 1961-01-03 | 1963-06-11 | Int Nickel Co | Age-hardenable, martensitic iron-base alloys |
| US3131097A (en) * | 1962-02-23 | 1964-04-28 | Gen Motors Corp | Heat treatment of bearing steel to eliminate retained austenite |
| US3132937A (en) * | 1962-06-11 | 1964-05-12 | Int Nickel Co | Cast steel |
| US3210224A (en) * | 1963-04-19 | 1965-10-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Process for producing damping alloy members |
-
1965
- 1965-07-12 US US471458A patent/US3341372A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1966
- 1966-06-30 GB GB29479/66A patent/GB1096978A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-07-07 CH CH986466A patent/CH461110A/fr unknown
- 1966-07-12 BE BE683978D patent/BE683978A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3093519A (en) * | 1961-01-03 | 1963-06-11 | Int Nickel Co | Age-hardenable, martensitic iron-base alloys |
| US3131097A (en) * | 1962-02-23 | 1964-04-28 | Gen Motors Corp | Heat treatment of bearing steel to eliminate retained austenite |
| US3132937A (en) * | 1962-06-11 | 1964-05-12 | Int Nickel Co | Cast steel |
| US3210224A (en) * | 1963-04-19 | 1965-10-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Process for producing damping alloy members |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3453153A (en) * | 1966-07-25 | 1969-07-01 | Int Nickel Co | Process for improving fatigue life of metal |
| US3642595A (en) * | 1969-09-23 | 1972-02-15 | Us Air Force | Thermal grain refinement of maraging steel |
| DE19857156B4 (de) * | 1998-12-11 | 2005-03-24 | Aktiengesellschaft der Dillinger Hüttenwerke | Verwendung eines Panzerungsbleches aus martensitaushärtendem Stahl |
| US6663730B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2003-12-16 | Imphy Ugine Precision | Maraging steel and process for manufacturing a strip or a part cut out of a strip of cold-rolled maraging steel |
| US20070261237A1 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-15 | Viking Pump, Inc. | Methods for Hardening Pump Casings |
| US7793416B2 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2010-09-14 | Viking Pump, Inc. | Methods for hardening pump casings |
| US20100189590A1 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2010-07-29 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Maraging steel and maraging steel for metallic belt |
| US20170198381A1 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2017-07-13 | Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc | Ferrous Alloy |
| US10351944B2 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2019-07-16 | Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc | Ferrous alloy |
| CN117127114A (zh) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-11-28 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 超高强度钢及其制备方法、电子设备结构件和电子设备 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH461110A (fr) | 1968-08-15 |
| BE683978A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1967-01-12 |
| GB1096978A (en) | 1967-12-29 |
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