US3330315A - Log reducer - Google Patents

Log reducer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3330315A
US3330315A US452968A US45296865A US3330315A US 3330315 A US3330315 A US 3330315A US 452968 A US452968 A US 452968A US 45296865 A US45296865 A US 45296865A US 3330315 A US3330315 A US 3330315A
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United States
Prior art keywords
log
knife
head
cutting edge
knives
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US452968A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ii George H Tomlinson
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Domtar Inc
Original Assignee
Dominion Tar and Chemical Co Ltd
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Filing date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/007—Combined with manufacturing a workpiece
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/39—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with radially outer limit of cutting edge moving to define cylinder partially, but not entirely encircled by work

Definitions

  • the device of the invention is for producing wafer chips particularly suitable for pulping, While permitting formation of cants.
  • the device has a rotating head with a plurality of discrete wing knives, each knife having a main edge with an auxiliary edge projecting at an obtuse angle from one end of the main edge, arranged in a radially decreasing helical path about the head.
  • the main edges extend in planes substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the head and cut substantially parallel to the grain of the wood and the auxiliary edges cut at an angle across the grain.
  • the main and auxiliary edges of each knife co-operate to separate a wafer from the wood.
  • the present invention is directed to a device for reducing logs to suitable shapes such as cents or the like while producing wafer-like wood chips suitable for pulping.
  • This invention relates to reducing logs to produce cants (or cut timbers having a square or rectangular crosssection) by removal of the excess wood from the log in the form of waferdype chips relatively accurately dimensioned in fibre direction and in thickness.
  • the cants produced are finished and directly available for rough wood usage such as beams, railway ties, etc., or may be further cut, by a separate operation, and by conventional means into boards, dimensioned stock timber or the like.
  • the chips which are relatively undamaged when compared with chips produced by the conventional mu1ti-knife chipper used in the pulp and paper industry, are particularly suitable for the production of pulp.
  • two premium products are simultaneously obtained, i.e., a squared timber and wafer-type chip, without losses in the form of sawdust and planer shavings inherent in conventional systems.
  • pulp production is of special importance, the log can be reduced to a relatively small standard dimensioned stock, or reduced completely to chips.
  • the wafer-type chips so produced are of substantially uniform predetermined thickness and result in a pulp of greater strength than that obtained with conventional chips.
  • Applicants invention provides means for shaping a log while simultaneously producing wafer-like chips which are more uniform and generally of better quality than conventional chips.
  • the wafer-like chips of the present invention are cut with cutting blades mounted on a head rotating about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of the log to be reduced so as to produce on said log a plane face substantially parallel to the grain.
  • the blades engage the log while the latter is made to travel in the direction of its length and the path of each blade on the log (i.e., the cut made by a blade) is in the form of an arc; this arcuate path will be the composite of the rotational movement of the blade and the longitudinal movement of the log.
  • the main surface of severance of a chip from the log is normally substantially parallel to the grain.
  • the surface formed on the log by the last blade to cut is a semi-finished but not .a planed surface.
  • the blades are mounted in a substantially conical spiral pattern on the head, each blade having a main cutting edge and an auxiliary or wing cutting edge extending at an angle from one end of the main cutting edge.
  • Each blade is mounted with its main cutting edge substantially in a radial plane (i.e., in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the head) and is oriented so that the main cutting edge lies preferably approximately along a radius. If the blade is oriented at too large an angle to the radius, the effective length of the cutting edge will be greatly reduced and the wings may cause some difficulties.
  • the main cutting edge slices a chip while the auxiliary or wing edge severs across and at an angle to the grain to free the chip from the log.
  • a wafer-like chip produced in the above manner has two pairs of opposed cut faces and one pair of surfaces formed by splitting alorig the grain.
  • the first pair of cut faces or the top and bottom faces are formed substantially parallel to the grain by the main cutting edges of adjacent knives in the knife pattern.
  • the second pair of cut faces or the end faces are slightly curved and formed by wing edges cutting across and at an angle to the grain. The curvature of the end faces depends on the radius of rotation of the wing knives and also the speed of the log.
  • the remaining two faces or the side faces, namely, those formed by splitting along the grain extend parallel to the grain of the wood.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a chip cutting and wood sizing head having built-in log controlling means.
  • Applicants cutting head not only has a steadying means, but also has means to prevent overfeeding.
  • the present invention comprises a head having a plurality of knives arranged in a predetermined pattern thereon, such that the knives will engage the log and produce a fiat face thereon by a single pass of the log, while simultaneously cutting wafer-like chips.
  • FIG. 1 is an end view of the wafer producing chipper shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the chipper.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an end view of a knife suitable for use with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross section of a log cut by consecutive knives.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view illustrating the action of the knives.
  • head 20 rotatable on its axis by any suitable drive means coupled to drive shaft 20A.
  • a plurality of knives I, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. extend from one surface of said head in what is herein termed a substantiallyconical spiral pattern. These knives are arranged in a-sequen c o n a path that spirals inwardly toward the axis of the head while simultaneously moving axially away from the drive end of said head thereby to form the desired pattern.
  • the knives are mounted with their main cutting edges in radial planes, so' that lel to the grain.
  • ' double winged knife i.e., a knife' with wings extending at opposite ends of the maincutting edge
  • a double winged knife may be used'as the last knife in the sequence to aid in producing the smooth surface.
  • the knives are stepped axially and V radially of their head, with respect to adjacent knives in thesequence.
  • the axial spacing has been described hereinabove and the radial spacing will now be described.
  • the actual radial spacing between knives 360 apart on a single spiralpattern is equal to the pre-set maximum chip length, plus the radial component'of the cut made b'y eachwing, multiplied by the number of wings in the 360".
  • the change in radiusbetween one 7 knife and the next succeeding knife in the sequence may be defined by the following formula: V a
  • the feed of the log is correlated so that'the log con- I tinuously advances one chip length for each rotation of r the cutting head, assuming the knives are arranged on'a single spiral pattern. If more than one sequence of knives. is used, 'e.g., a double or triple spiral, the log feedwill to the number of spiral be increased by a multiple equal arrangements used;
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 the controlling'elements of applicants head will be'described.
  • A' shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 a fiat surface trails each of the knives 1, 2 and 3, etc., as indicated at 1A, 2A, 3A, etc.
  • trailing surfaces 1A, 2A, 3A, etc. tend to stabilize the logbeing processed and ,also, thus aid in control of wafer thickness.
  • the surfaces 1B, 2B, 3B, etc. combine to' form a con- 7 ,7 I I tinuous essentially conical spiral surface (surfaces B, FIG. A 5) traced by the knife arrangement andthis combined surfaceB. prevents over'feeding. As illustrated, each of these surfaces 1B,- 2B, 3B, etc., follow and'are extensions jecting said edges. 28 very slightly beyond their respective surfaces 1B, 2B, 3B,:etc. In operatiomthe faces' lB,j2B," 3B, etc., normally clear the advancing log, however, if
  • the log is usually fed radially to the head, and thus the knives initially engage the loglwith a component of movement in the opposite'direction to the feed and leave the log with a component of movement in the direction of the feed. Therefore, the relative movement longitudinally of the log between the log and any point on the head changes as'such point rotatesabout the axis of the a head. This means that a pointon the over-feed contour formed by the surfaces 1B, 2B, 3B, etc., approaches the log surface 36 most closely at one locationin its rotation.
  • This location is in the area where the radius of said point is in line with the longitudinalaxis of the feed, assuming the log is axially fed radially to the head.
  • Surfaces 1B, 2B, 3B, etc. may combine to form a' continuous surface as shown, or they may terminate short of the subsequent knife.
  • the knife arrangement may also be described in rela' 7 tion to the crests formed bythe juncture of the surfaces 1A and 13, 2A and 2B or 3A and 3B, etc.
  • Each of-these crests trace a path receding toward the axis of the head along a line co-ordinated 'with the advance of the log per degree of rotation of the head, when the maximum or p're-.
  • set chip length is cut. This path extends from the juncture of the wing and 'main cutting edge of one knife to the point of minimum penetration of the wing of 2136 lQxt' j succeeding knife.
  • knife 1 In operation, when the largest reduction is being made, knife 1 first engages the log and is followed by knives 2, 3, 4, etc., in that sequence. Usually, however, the first few knives will clear the log. These first few knives generally function to cut short stubs such as branches, etc., that may extend from the periphery of the log.
  • the first knife to contact the wood is knife 2.
  • the surfaces 36 carved on the log are shaped by the cutting edges 28 of the wings 26 of the various knives 1, 2, 3, etc.
  • the feed of the log is correlated with the path of the knife arrangement so that the cut made by the juncture of the wing edge 28 and main edge 24 of each preceding knife matches with the point of minimum penetration of the wing of each succeeding knife at the point in the travel of the knife where the knife moves perpendicular to the direction of feed (assuming the centre line of the feed passes through the axis of the cutting head).
  • Surfaces 34 are produced by main cutting edges 24.
  • the log is continuously advanced into the head and is continuously reduced by the succession of knives to produce a flat surface 34A corresponding to the surface cut by the last knife in the sequence (i.e., in the particular embodiment shown, knife 16).
  • Ribbons of wood are severed from the log 50 as schematically indicated at 52 in FIG. 6. These ribbons 52 pass through the head via the slots 54 provided for this purpose and break up into suitable chip widths.
  • the chips 56 removed in the above manner may be collected with any suitable means and delivered to the pulp mill.
  • the width of the largest finished surface 34A to be produced is less than about the minimum diameter on which a knife is mounted.
  • passages have been schematically illustrated passing through the head 20 to permit the chips to leave the cutting face of the head, however, any suitable system for removing chips from the device may be used.
  • Applicant has shown only 16 knives but it is evident that any number of knives may be used, depending on the size of the device and knife spacing. Also applicant has shown and described a single essentially conical spiral knife arrangement only, but as indicated, two or more spiral arrangements may be used.
  • An apparatus for wafering or the like wherein logs are axially fed toward a cutting head rotating about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of said logs, said cutting head having a plurality of discrete knives mounted thereon in at least one radial decreasing helical sequence whereby said knives sequentially engage and reduce at least a portion of a log fed thereto into wafers, each said knife having a main cutting edge and an auxiliary cutting edge projecting out of the plane of said main edge at an obtuse angle from one end of said main cutting edge, each said rnain cutting edge being mounted on said head in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of said head with one end of said main cutting edge being at a greater radial distance from the axis than the other end, said auxiliary cutting edge projecting from said one end of said main cutting edge, the main and auxiliary cutting edges of any one of said knives co-operating when in engagement with said log to cut a wafer of parallelepipedic cross section therefrom, the
  • r radius of said one knife
  • N number of said helical sequences
  • D number of degreesseparating said one and said next knife
  • P the radial projection of the effective cutting length of said auxiliary cutting edge and wherein the axial spacing between said one and said next knife is equal to the thickness of wafer to be cut.
  • control means are mounted on the said head trailing each said knife, said control means regulating movement of a log fed to said head.
  • control means comprises a surface trailing each said main cutting edge and extending in substantially the same radial plane as each main cutting edge immediately preceding said surface.
  • control means comprises a control surface for said at least one helical sequence extending about said head, said control surface adjacent each knife in a given one of said at least one helical sequence extending along substantially the same plane as each auxiliary cutting edge of each knife in said given one of said at least one helical sequence.
  • control means comprises a control surface for said at least one helical sequence extending about said head, said control surface, adjacent each knife in a given one of said at least one helical sequence extending along substantially the same plane as each said auxiliary cutting edge of each knife in said given one of said at least one helical sequence.
  • An apparatus for continuously reducing a log fed axially to a cutting head comprising a cutting head rotatable on an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of said log, a plurality of discrete knives arranged along a radially retreating axially advancing path, each of said knives having a main cutting edge and an auxiliary cut- 'ting edge' projecting out ofthe plane of said knife and at an angle from one end of said main cutting edge, the
  • I 10 An apparatus for continuously reducing wood to wafer-like wood particles while simultaneously shaping a log fed axially to a cutting head, said cutting head mounted to rotate about an axis substantially perpendicular to the axis of said log, an arrangement of knives of said and a secondary cutting'edge projecting out of the plane knife of'said knife andgat an angle from one, end ofsaidmain cutting edge, each said knife being mounted on said head with its main cutting edge extending substantially on a planeperpendicular to the axis of said head with said secondary cutting edge at the end of said main cutting edge remote from the axis of said head, a control surface trailing each main cutting. edge, each said control surface extending in substantially the same radial plane 1 as the main cutting edge of the immediately preceding 11.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Debarking, Splitting, And Disintegration Of Timber (AREA)
US452968A 1964-05-09 1965-04-30 Log reducer Expired - Lifetime US3330315A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA902457 1964-05-09
FR16395A FR1432414A (fr) 1964-05-09 1965-05-10 Appareil à débiter le bois en copeaux et à équarrir simultanément une bille ou rondin

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3407854A (en) * 1966-03-23 1968-10-29 Black Clawson Co Wood chipping apparatus
US3645308A (en) * 1968-12-20 1972-02-29 Philip Nilsson Log-levelling machines
US3814155A (en) * 1971-11-27 1974-06-04 Linck Geb Tool heads for use in machining timber
US3872902A (en) * 1972-09-21 1975-03-25 Philip Nilsson Wood-chip cutting machine
US4147193A (en) * 1976-07-30 1979-04-03 Kivimaa Eero Mikael Cutter head
US4161972A (en) * 1975-01-08 1979-07-24 Toyo Pulp Co., Ltd. Apparatus for producing chips from logs of timber
US4184526A (en) * 1976-06-28 1980-01-22 Toyo Pulp Co., Ltd. Disc-shaped chipper with detachable cutting members
US4263949A (en) * 1977-11-24 1981-04-28 Kivimaa Eero Mikael Cutter head
FR2495044A1 (fr) * 1980-11-29 1982-06-04 Wurster & Dietz Maschf Outil d'enlevement de copeaux pour machine a bois
EP0698459A3 (fr) * 1994-08-23 1996-03-27 Dietz Hans Prof Dr
EP0891846A2 (fr) * 1997-07-18 1999-01-20 Holzindustrie Preding Gesellschaft m.b.H. Dispositif pour la fabrication de bois équarri
US20040250898A1 (en) * 2003-03-21 2004-12-16 Kauko Rautio Chipping head
US20070079900A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-12 Stager Bradley R Conical chipper/canter head

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2964079A (en) * 1957-12-09 1960-12-13 Donald L Johnson Wood flaking and surfacing machine
US3011535A (en) * 1960-06-20 1961-12-05 Budd W Andrus Chip cutter blade
US3216470A (en) * 1962-07-09 1965-11-09 Soderhamns Verkst Er Ab Method and a machine for producing wood particles

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2964079A (en) * 1957-12-09 1960-12-13 Donald L Johnson Wood flaking and surfacing machine
US3011535A (en) * 1960-06-20 1961-12-05 Budd W Andrus Chip cutter blade
US3216470A (en) * 1962-07-09 1965-11-09 Soderhamns Verkst Er Ab Method and a machine for producing wood particles

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3407854A (en) * 1966-03-23 1968-10-29 Black Clawson Co Wood chipping apparatus
US3645308A (en) * 1968-12-20 1972-02-29 Philip Nilsson Log-levelling machines
US3814155A (en) * 1971-11-27 1974-06-04 Linck Geb Tool heads for use in machining timber
US3872902A (en) * 1972-09-21 1975-03-25 Philip Nilsson Wood-chip cutting machine
US4161972A (en) * 1975-01-08 1979-07-24 Toyo Pulp Co., Ltd. Apparatus for producing chips from logs of timber
US4184526A (en) * 1976-06-28 1980-01-22 Toyo Pulp Co., Ltd. Disc-shaped chipper with detachable cutting members
US4147193A (en) * 1976-07-30 1979-04-03 Kivimaa Eero Mikael Cutter head
US4263949A (en) * 1977-11-24 1981-04-28 Kivimaa Eero Mikael Cutter head
FR2495044A1 (fr) * 1980-11-29 1982-06-04 Wurster & Dietz Maschf Outil d'enlevement de copeaux pour machine a bois
EP0698459A3 (fr) * 1994-08-23 1996-03-27 Dietz Hans Prof Dr
EP0891846A2 (fr) * 1997-07-18 1999-01-20 Holzindustrie Preding Gesellschaft m.b.H. Dispositif pour la fabrication de bois équarri
EP0891846A3 (fr) * 1997-07-18 2000-10-18 Holzindustrie Preding Gesellschaft m.b.H. Dispositif pour la fabrication de bois équarri
US20040250898A1 (en) * 2003-03-21 2004-12-16 Kauko Rautio Chipping head
US7210509B2 (en) 2003-03-21 2007-05-01 Kauko Rautio Chipping head
US20070079900A1 (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-12 Stager Bradley R Conical chipper/canter head
WO2007044586A1 (fr) * 2005-10-07 2007-04-19 Key Knife, Inc. Tete de dechiqueteuse/equarrisseuse conique
US7441571B2 (en) 2005-10-07 2008-10-28 Key Knife, Inc. Conical chipper/canter head

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1432414A (fr) 1966-03-18

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