US3327827A - Pneumatic actuator for keyboard operated machine - Google Patents

Pneumatic actuator for keyboard operated machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3327827A
US3327827A US522613A US52261366A US3327827A US 3327827 A US3327827 A US 3327827A US 522613 A US522613 A US 522613A US 52261366 A US52261366 A US 52261366A US 3327827 A US3327827 A US 3327827A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
loop
chamber
tape
actuator
pneumatic actuator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US522613A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph C Lambiotte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US522613A priority Critical patent/US3327827A/en
Priority to FR8305A priority patent/FR1508673A/fr
Priority to GB2572/67A priority patent/GB1173184A/en
Priority to DE19671601733 priority patent/DE1601733A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3327827A publication Critical patent/US3327827A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B5/00—Transducers converting variations of physical quantities, e.g. expressed by variations in positions of members, into fluid-pressure variations or vice versa; Varying fluid pressure as a function of variations of a plurality of fluid pressures or variations of other quantities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J23/00—Power drives for actions or mechanisms
    • B41J23/20—Fluid-pressure power drives
    • B41J23/22—Fluid-pressure power drives for key or like type selection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/06—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor involving features specific to the use of a compressible medium, e.g. air, steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/885—Control specific to the type of fluid, e.g. specific to magnetorheological fluid

Definitions

  • Key operated mechanisms such as typewriters, pianos,
  • Electromechanical actuators such as solenoids, have been employed but are relatively expensive.
  • player pianos and automatic typewriters have employed '1iam FJVoit, Jr., have been proposed to provide a novel version of an expansible chamber motor, having a very fast response due to the extremely low mass of the moving tape member.
  • Another object of my invention has been to provide a pneumatic actuator that can be readily assembled with a device to be operated, without requiring modification of the operated device.
  • a further object of my invention has been to provide a pneumatic actuator having extremely low mass to minimize inertial effects that reduce operating speed.
  • One phase of my invention relates to the employment of a closed loop of thin flexible tape as the sole moving member in a pneumatic actuator formed by two parallel opposed sidewalls and achamber closure wall or :port, all
  • the closed loop of tape can be formed either as an integral or continuous loop, or can be formed by joining the ends of a strip. Both embodiments permit easy assembly of the moving part with an associated operated part by direct connection therebetween.
  • the closed loop being. the only moving member, presents a low mas and hence low inertia to the system, thereby permitting fast operation.
  • a second, more specific phase of my invention involves a particular construction of an actuator wherein the closure wall is provided internally of the loop, either in the form of a spool-like core, or an internal surface, both of which engage inside surfaces of the loop to complete enclosure of the chamber boundary formed by the loop.
  • This embodiment of my invention presents a minimum of friction to the system, as an adequate seal at the closure wall edges is provided simply by the tension in the loop itself. Actuating pressure is introduced into the loop causing an expansion of the chamber formed thereby, and
  • the actuator is made spool-like in shape, the stroke actuation can be readily limited by the extent of the side flanges.
  • Another embodiment of my invention employs a shelllike closure wall that engages the outer surfaces of the loop causing inner surfaces of the loop to close upon themselves and form a chamber within the loop.
  • the stroke is limited by physically limiting the movement of the tape itself. This latter-limiting approach provides a further advantage of permitting controlled deceleration of the stroke as effective area is subtracted from the tape upon contact with the shell wall.
  • the stroke can be limited also by making the actuator shell-like in shape. It has the disadvantage of requiring greater internal friction caused by the forces required to adequately seal the space between the tapes.
  • FIGURE 1 is a partial perspective view of an actuator constructed in accordance with one mode of my invention as assembled with a typical typewriter keylever of known construction.
  • FIGURE 2 is a front vertical cross-sectional view of the actuator shown in FIGURE 1 taken along lines IIII thereof;
  • FIGURE 3 is a front vertical view of an actuator like that shown in FIGURES 1 and 2 illustrating a degree of versatility of my invention
  • FIGURE 4 is a front vertical cross-sectional view of an actuator according to a modified version of my in vention
  • FIGURE 5 is a side vertical cross-sectional view of the actuator shown in FIGURE 4 and taken along lines V Vthereof;
  • FIGURE 6 is a front vertical cross-sectional view of an actuator. according to a further modification of my invention. 1
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 there is shown a pneumatic actuator 10 including a flexible, closed, preferably continuous loop, strip or tape 11 that is looped over a spring biased operating member, such as a keylever 21 in force transmitting relationship therewith to provide an actuating input thereto.
  • the tape 11 thus [provides its own output connection means; however, other means such as rivets can be employed.
  • the keylever 21 is shown as being similar to that disclosed in US. Patent 2,919,002 Selection Mechanism for a Single Printing Element Typewriter, issued December 29, 1959, to L. E. Palmer and is biased upwardly by a leaf spring 22 to its non-actuated position.
  • the keylever 21 operates to downwardly displace an interposer or other load 23. It will be understood that the keylever shown is illustrative only, and various load bearing members can be actuated by my actuator.
  • the actuator 10 comprises a pair of parallelsidewalls 12 that are spaced a distance 13 approximately equal to the width of the tape 11 as defined by its substantially parallel side edges 11a. An effective pneumatic seal is thus formed between the tape 11 and sidewalls 12.
  • the sidewalls 12 are joined and supported in their parallel relationship by a wall forming core or reaction surface 14 about which the tape 11 is looped.
  • the core 14 engages laterally opposed portions of the tape inner surface 11b to complete enclosure to the boundary of an expandable, pressurizeable chamber 15 between opposite sides of the tape loop 11.
  • a pilot chamber or depression 16 is integrally formed in the core 14 along the lower surface thereof in contact with the tape 11 to permit the initial development of a pneumatic pressure across a significant area of the tape.
  • the actuator is controlled through a signal input conduit or inlet 17 that is connected to deliver fluid received from a source of control data such as selectively operable remote key valve V to the depression 16 and chamber 15.
  • a source of control data such as selectively operable remote key valve V
  • Other inputs such as a paper tape reader, or transmission line solenoid valve, can be employed.
  • FIGURES 1 and 2 can be readily assembled by simply slipping the tape loop 11 over the spool-like stationary structure and over the keylever 21 to provide a complete assembled actuating device.
  • Actuators are often required for apparatus designed principally for non-automated use which lack specific design consideration for actuating parts.
  • the flexible tape 11, as shown in FIGURES 1 and 2, permits a versatile illustration, as illustrated in FIGURE 3, wherein the actuator 10 is located at right angles to its position as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • a simple guide post P directs the flexible tape 11 around a right angle turn and to the keylever 21. It will be appreciated that even a 180 turn could be accomplished if required to position the actuator within a predetermined unalterable space.
  • that actuator 10 can be constructed to accommodate an available space by varying either the width 18 of the core 14 or the flange spacing distance 13 to achieve the desired force within a given shaped space.
  • the tape 11 need not be uniform width along its total peripherial extent, but only in the region of sidewalls 12.
  • an actuator 10 constructed in accordance with FIGURES 1 and 2 having dimensions 13 and 18 of A and 1%", respectively, has been employed to trip a conventional spring clutch requiring a stroke between 0.100" and 0.200".
  • the clutch was tripped in between 6 and 10 milliseconds with a developed force of /2 pound produced by a one p.s.i. air source. Its operation was unaffected to temperature variations between room temperature and 200 F.
  • FIGURES 4 and 5 a modified actuator is shown.
  • a flexible tape loop 31 similar to tape loop 11 above, engages an internal wall or reaction surface 32 by passing through vented chamber forming shell or wall spaced slots 33, 34, opposed parallel sidewalls 35 and 36, corresponding in function to the sidewalls 12 of FIGURE 1.
  • the tape 31 is operated against an operating member 21 like that shown in FIGURE 1 by pressure introduced through input conduit 37 into the expansible chamber 38 bounded by the tape 31, the opposed sidewalls 35, and reaction surface 32.
  • the stroke is limited and motion decelerated as the tape 31 progressively moves into the shell 34 and comes in contact therewith and shell contacting surface area portions of the tape 31 lose their effective pressure differential.
  • FIGURE 6 shows an actuator 40 somewhat similar to that shown in FIGURES 4 and 5 in that a vented outer shell or wall 41 that supports parallel side walls (not separately shown) in their spaced relation.
  • the shell provides a stroke limiting and decelerating surface operative like that of FIGURE 4.
  • a loop of flexible tape 42 engages an actuating member 21 as in the previousexamples, but passes through a single slot 43 in the shell 41 to form an expansible chamber 44 bounded by the parallel sidewalls and the tape 42 as enclosed by contact between its inner surfaces.
  • Such contact is effected by the surface edges of the slot 43 which engage laterally opposed portions of the tape outer surface 42a to seal the chamber 44.
  • Air is introduced into the chamber 44 through input conduit 45 causing expansion thereof. Force reaction against the edges of the slot 43 during expansion causes the downward movement of the tape 42 and consequent operation of the member 21.
  • a pneumatic actuator for moving an operating member against a load and including a pressurizeable chamber having an expansible boundary, and fluid inlet means operatively connected with the chamber, wherein the improvement comprises:
  • a loop of flexible tape having a surface portion bounded by substantially parallel lateral side edges and defining a portion of the chamber boundary, means for operatively connecting said tape in force transmitting relationship to the operating member,
  • relatively stationary reaction surface means slidably engaging said surface portion of said loop to enclose the portion of the chamber boundary defined by said loop.
  • reaction surface means includes a pair of stationary surface edges defining a slot, said loop passes through said slot, and said surface edges engage opposed outer surface portions of said loop to enclose the portion of the chamber boundary defined by said loop.
  • a pneumatic actuator as defined in claim 2 further including means forming part of said actuator for limiting the expansion of said chamber.
  • a pneumatic actuator as defined in claim 5 wherein said expansion limiting means comprises means carried by said sidewalls defining an exhaust from said chamber.
  • a pneumatic actuator including a pressurizeable chamber having an expansible boundary wherein the improvement comprises:
  • a loop of flexible tape having a surface portion bounded by substantially parallel lateral side edges and defining a portion of the chamber boundary, said tape being operatively connected in force transmitting relationship to the operating member,
  • relatively stationary reaction surface means slidably engaging said surface portion of said loop to enclose the portion of the chamber boundary defined by said loop
  • reaction surface means engages inner surface portions of said loop and directly defines a portion of the chamber boundary.
  • reaction surface means includes a pair of stationary surface edges defining a slot, said loop passes through said slot, and said surface edges engage opposed outer surface portions of said loop to enclose the portion of the chamber boundary defined by said loop.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Storage Of Web-Like Or Filamentary Materials (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
US522613A 1966-01-24 1966-01-24 Pneumatic actuator for keyboard operated machine Expired - Lifetime US3327827A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US522613A US3327827A (en) 1966-01-24 1966-01-24 Pneumatic actuator for keyboard operated machine
FR8305A FR1508673A (fr) 1966-01-24 1967-01-16 Système de commande pneumatique
GB2572/67A GB1173184A (en) 1966-01-24 1967-01-18 Actuator Employing Inflatable Tape Loop
DE19671601733 DE1601733A1 (de) 1966-01-24 1967-01-21 Pneumatisch-mechanische Betaetigungsvorrichtung,insbesondere fuer Geraete der Feinmechanik

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US522613A US3327827A (en) 1966-01-24 1966-01-24 Pneumatic actuator for keyboard operated machine

Publications (1)

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US3327827A true US3327827A (en) 1967-06-27

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Family Applications (1)

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US522613A Expired - Lifetime US3327827A (en) 1966-01-24 1966-01-24 Pneumatic actuator for keyboard operated machine

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US (1) US3327827A (fr)
FR (1) FR1508673A (fr)
GB (1) GB1173184A (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US848207A (en) * 1905-09-11 1907-03-26 Rodesch Piano And Player Co Automatic piano.
US1003279A (en) * 1910-08-13 1911-09-12 Meyer Louis Pneumatic piano-player.
US1005793A (en) * 1910-01-14 1911-10-17 Claude William Atkinson Piano-playing mechanism.
US1842883A (en) * 1929-07-10 1932-01-26 Selviyor A Swanson Key controlled and power operated machine
US2795668A (en) * 1955-03-03 1957-06-11 Paul Asmussen Actuating means for electric light bulbs
US2991763A (en) * 1959-07-27 1961-07-11 Weatherhead Co Actuator

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US848207A (en) * 1905-09-11 1907-03-26 Rodesch Piano And Player Co Automatic piano.
US1005793A (en) * 1910-01-14 1911-10-17 Claude William Atkinson Piano-playing mechanism.
US1003279A (en) * 1910-08-13 1911-09-12 Meyer Louis Pneumatic piano-player.
US1842883A (en) * 1929-07-10 1932-01-26 Selviyor A Swanson Key controlled and power operated machine
US2795668A (en) * 1955-03-03 1957-06-11 Paul Asmussen Actuating means for electric light bulbs
US2991763A (en) * 1959-07-27 1961-07-11 Weatherhead Co Actuator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1173184A (en) 1969-12-03
FR1508673A (fr) 1968-01-05

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