US3320154A - Method for cracking hydrocarbon products - Google Patents

Method for cracking hydrocarbon products Download PDF

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Publication number
US3320154A
US3320154A US368654A US36865464A US3320154A US 3320154 A US3320154 A US 3320154A US 368654 A US368654 A US 368654A US 36865464 A US36865464 A US 36865464A US 3320154 A US3320154 A US 3320154A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
combustion
naphtha
turbine
cracking
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Expired - Lifetime
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US368654A
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English (en)
Inventor
Tokuhisa Hiroshi
Ishihara Eitaro
Kinoshita Toshisada
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MICHIKAZU TAKEYOSHI
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MICHIKAZU TAKEYOSHI
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
    • C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/919—Apparatus considerations
    • Y10S585/921—Apparatus considerations using recited apparatus structure

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus and associated methods for obtaining cracked products of a hydrocarbon substance by subjecting the substance to the combustion product of a hydrocarbon fuel to form a gaseous mixture, and thereafter carrying out quenching of the mixture in an adiabatic expansion without heat exchange.
  • the petrochemical raw materials such as ethylene, propylene, acetylene or the like
  • the hydrocarbon fuel is burned in the presence of oxygen or air in a cracking furnace.
  • the raw material hydrocarbon is injected into a high temperature zone to carry out the cracking reaction, and the cracked gas and the combustion gas thus gener ated are cooled by heat-exchanging means employing a liquid coolant such as water.
  • the plant for carrying out the thermal cracking of raw materials for petrochemical industries is extremely expensive and also from an economical viewpoint, the gas cost becomes higher due to high depreciation cost of the plant, and, therefore, large size plants have been required. If a cooling system can be utilized instead of heat exchange in order to simplify the enormous plant, and the heat content of the gas mixture consisting of the combustion gas and the cracked gas can be utilized to a maximum degree, the costs of producing petrochemical raw materials will be remarkably reduced.
  • the cooling of the cracked gas generated by the cracking of the said hydrocarbon is effected not by heat exchange, such as water cooling and the like, but by carrying out adiabatic expansion of the gas, resulting in an increase in the cooling effect, while simultaneously the power generated by the said adiabatic expansion can be utilized if desired.
  • the present invention provides a method wherein both the cracking of hydrocarbon and recovering of useful power effected by the adiabatic expansion unit are combined, and the hydrocarbon fuel undergoes combustion by use of compressed and preheated air, oxygen, or the like, wherein the raw material hydrocarbon product to be cracked undergoes thermal cracking as a result of the high temperature and pressure combustion gas formed,
  • the energy released by the adiabatic expansion of the high temperature gas mixture of thermally cracked hydrocarbon raw material can be effectively recovered, for example, by a gas turbine, and the overall efliciency can be kept at a high degree, for example, by utilizing the turbine for the compression of air or oxygen for the combustion of the hydrocarbon material.
  • the thermal cracking reaction of hydrocarbon in the present invention a large volume of gas having a high temperature and high value of average molecular weight can be generated, and therefore, the energy recovered efiiciency can be increased in the adiabatic expansion.
  • the raw material is hydrocarbon liquid, the power required for pressure increase carried out prior to heating can be greatly saved, and consequently, the output of the adiabatic expansion unit can be increased.
  • An embodiment of the present invention is diagrammatically illustrated in the attached drawing with regard to a naphtha cracking process, wherein a gas-turbine power generating unit is employed simultaneously.
  • compressed air is increased in pressure up to about 5 atmospheres by a compressor and charged into a combustion chamber, wherein fuel is injected in an amount corresponding to that of the charged air.
  • the temperature of the fuel is kept at about 1500 C. by subjecting it to a complete combustion.
  • a large amount of air is mixed with the high temperature combustion gas to decrease the temperature thereof to about 750 C.
  • the gas turbine is driven by the gas at the reduced temperature of 750 C.
  • the above said problems can be solved by causing the raw material naphtha to be thermally cracked by the high temperature and pressure combustion gas obtained by the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel with compressed and preheated air, oxygen or the like, the high temperature and pressure gas mixture formed by the cracking being supplied to a gas turbine.
  • the combustion gas of the fuel hydrocarbon is cooled and power is generated by the adiabatic expansion at the same time.
  • the temperatures and pressures of the compressed air (or oxygen), combustion gas, cracked gas and the like in this case should be preferably similar to those of the gas for driving conventional Well known gas turbines.
  • the combustion gas temperature is preferably between 1300 to 1500 C.
  • the cracked gas temperature is preferably between 700 to 800 C.
  • the pressure is preferably between 4 and 10 atmospheres.
  • the advantage of the present invention as observed in the example is such that, from the viewpoint of the hydrocarbon cracking process, the cooling effect for the cracked gas can be increased by adiabatic expansion, whereby the thermal cracking efficiency is increased.
  • the heat content retained in the gas mixture can be effectively recovered as power and, on the other hand from the viewpoint of generation of power, such heat content of combustion gas as subjected to reduction in temperature from about 1500 to 750 C. without any utility can be utilized significantly.
  • numeral 1 represents an air compressor, wherein the air (or oxygen) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure is subjected to an adiabatic compression to produce compressed and heated air at a pressure of about 6 to 7 atmospheres and a temperature of approximately 250 C.
  • the compressed and heated air is supplied to a heat exchanger 2, wherein it undergoes heat exchange with the exhaust gas from a turbine 5, and the temperature of the air is raised to about 350 C., and delivered to a combustion chamber 3.
  • Preheated hydrocarbon fuel is continuously injected into the combustion furnace in an amount corresponding to that of the compressed air for complete combustion of the fuel. Combustion is effected at a temperature of about -1500 C. in chamber 3.
  • the high temperature and pressure combustion gas thus formed in combustion chamber 3 is led to a cracking furnace 4.
  • 'Superheated steam and naphtha are introduced in furnace 4 in prescribed amounts to cause thermal cracking of the naphtha which has been preheated to about 200 C. and which is injected into the furnace.
  • the quantity of naphtha introduced into furnace 4 is such that the temperature of the gas mixture is regulated to about 700 to 800 C.
  • the gas mixture is delivered to gas turbine 5, wherein energy of the gas is delivered to the turbine to drive the same while the gas experiences a reduction in pressure and cooling and is discharged at atmospheric pressure at a temperature of 400 to 450 C.
  • the gas after being cooled by heat exchange in the heat exchanger 2 is subjected to further utilization of the waste heat (not shown) and is then transferred to well known gas purification and separation means 6.
  • energy balance for a 23,600 kg./hr. naphtha cracking plant requires that the output of the turbine be about 7600 kw., the required power for compression of the air being about 2300 kw.
  • the gas turbine generator terminal efficiency is 15.6% and the overall thermal efiiciency of plant is about 79%.
  • the present invention is of course applicable and practicable not only to the use of a gas turbine and naphtha, but also to combinations of any apparatus for generating power through adiabatic expansion as well as any kind of hydrocarbon product.
  • Apparatus suitable for adiabat ic expansion may be gas turbines, reciprocating engines, screw-type gas expansion apparatus, gear-type gas expansion apparatus, Roots-type gas expansion apparatus and the like.
  • Such apparatus which injects the high temperature and pressure gas by means of nozzles, are widely applicable and practicable without giving introducing serious difiiculty.
  • a method of driving a gas turbine while cracking naphtha comprising compressing an oxygen containing gas in a compressor, mixing the compressed gas and a hydrocarbon fuel in a combustion chamber and effecting complete combustion of the fuel in said chamber to produce a combustion gas at a temperature of between 1300 and 1500 C., mixing said combustion gas with a mixture of naphtha and superheated steam in a cracking furnace to crack the naphtha, the naphtha and superheated steam being added to the combustion gas in a quantity and a pressure such that the temperature of the thus obtained gas mixture is between 700 and 800 C., adiabatically expanding the latter gas mixture in a turbine to drive the same while rapidly cooling the gas mixture to prevent polymerization thereof, cooling and thereafter separating the cracked constituents of the naphtha from the gas mixture after the latter has been discharged from the turbine, and driving said compressor by said turbine.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US368654A 1963-05-29 1964-05-19 Method for cracking hydrocarbon products Expired - Lifetime US3320154A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP38027936A JPS5113122B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1963-05-29 1963-05-29

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US3320154A true US3320154A (en) 1967-05-16

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US (1) US3320154A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5113122B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1060407A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3463612A (en) * 1965-07-07 1969-08-26 Ashland Oil Inc Adaption of gas turbine and free piston engines to the manufacture of carbon black
US3738103A (en) * 1969-09-01 1973-06-12 Metallgesellschaft Ag Power plant process
US3765167A (en) * 1972-03-06 1973-10-16 Metallgesellschaft Ag Power plant process
US4778586A (en) * 1985-08-30 1988-10-18 Resource Technology Associates Viscosity reduction processing at elevated pressure
US4818371A (en) * 1987-06-05 1989-04-04 Resource Technology Associates Viscosity reduction by direct oxidative heating
US9346721B2 (en) 2013-06-25 2016-05-24 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Hydrocarbon conversion

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5198131A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-02-27 1976-08-28
JPH0567699U (ja) * 1991-12-09 1993-09-07 旭電化工業株式会社 セグメント目地の止水材

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2727932A (en) * 1949-10-04 1955-12-20 Nat Res Dev Method for controlling reactions in hot gaseous reaction mixtures
US2904502A (en) * 1954-02-19 1959-09-15 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Method of cracking hydrocarbons
US2937140A (en) * 1956-07-19 1960-05-17 Phillips Petroleum Co Treatment of petroleum well effluents
US2970107A (en) * 1955-05-20 1961-01-31 Phillips Petroleum Co Stabilization of oil well fluid
DE1102112B (de) * 1958-07-26 1961-03-16 Basf Ag Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Erzeugung von Synthesegas und von Sauerstoff und Stickstoff
US3124424A (en) * 1964-03-10 high temperature thermal cracking
US3241933A (en) * 1961-08-17 1966-03-22 Conch Int Methane Ltd Process for the reforming of natural gas

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3124424A (en) * 1964-03-10 high temperature thermal cracking
US2727932A (en) * 1949-10-04 1955-12-20 Nat Res Dev Method for controlling reactions in hot gaseous reaction mixtures
US2904502A (en) * 1954-02-19 1959-09-15 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Method of cracking hydrocarbons
US2970107A (en) * 1955-05-20 1961-01-31 Phillips Petroleum Co Stabilization of oil well fluid
US2937140A (en) * 1956-07-19 1960-05-17 Phillips Petroleum Co Treatment of petroleum well effluents
DE1102112B (de) * 1958-07-26 1961-03-16 Basf Ag Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Erzeugung von Synthesegas und von Sauerstoff und Stickstoff
US3241933A (en) * 1961-08-17 1966-03-22 Conch Int Methane Ltd Process for the reforming of natural gas

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3463612A (en) * 1965-07-07 1969-08-26 Ashland Oil Inc Adaption of gas turbine and free piston engines to the manufacture of carbon black
US3738103A (en) * 1969-09-01 1973-06-12 Metallgesellschaft Ag Power plant process
US3765167A (en) * 1972-03-06 1973-10-16 Metallgesellschaft Ag Power plant process
US4778586A (en) * 1985-08-30 1988-10-18 Resource Technology Associates Viscosity reduction processing at elevated pressure
US4818371A (en) * 1987-06-05 1989-04-04 Resource Technology Associates Viscosity reduction by direct oxidative heating
US5008085A (en) * 1987-06-05 1991-04-16 Resource Technology Associates Apparatus for thermal treatment of a hydrocarbon stream
US9346721B2 (en) 2013-06-25 2016-05-24 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Hydrocarbon conversion

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Publication number Publication date
GB1060407A (en) 1967-03-01
JPS5113122B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-04-26

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