US3318987A - Method of multi-component spinning - Google Patents

Method of multi-component spinning Download PDF

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US3318987A
US3318987A US307532A US30753263A US3318987A US 3318987 A US3318987 A US 3318987A US 307532 A US307532 A US 307532A US 30753263 A US30753263 A US 30753263A US 3318987 A US3318987 A US 3318987A
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Prior art keywords
component
stream
pattern
filaments
orifices
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US307532A
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Warren E Fitzgerald
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Monsanto Co
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Monsanto Co
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/32—Side-by-side structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/26—Composite fibers made of two or more materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y10T428/2931—Fibers or filaments nonconcentric [e.g., side-by-side or eccentric, etc.]

Definitions

  • a self-crimping synthetic filament is one of the prime objectives that may be accomplished by the practice of various multi-component spinning techniques in an attempt to simulate one or more of the attributes of natural fibers, it is to be understood that other objectives may as well be realized.
  • a filament or bundle may be produced which exhibits a color variegation along its length.
  • multi-cornponent filaments wherein one or more components are chosen to impart flame retardance and the remaining component or components chosen for their load bearing capabilities.
  • multi-component spinning particularly in the manner of the present invention, has been found a most advantageous approach in obtainlng filamentary structures exhibiting a concordance of properties not heretofore obtainable in mono-component structures.
  • a variety of methods and apparatus have been proposed to crimp or texturized synthetic filaments, both in the form of continuous filaments and in the form of spun yarns. These methods comprise mechanical treatments of filaments spun in normal fashion, as Well as the use of special spinning conditions 'and/ or after-treatments which bring about differential physical properties over the crosssection of the individual filaments to thereby cause the filaments to crimp, usually in a helical fashion. It has also been proposed to extrude two or more different materials together to form a conjugated or composite filament which contains the components in an eccentric relation over the cross-section of the filaments. When the two components chosen to be so joined are of substantially different shrinkages, a crimp is generated due to the differential shinkage of the spun and drawn component filaments.
  • multi-component shall be taken to denote structures, both in the form of solution or melt streams of spinnable mediums and in the form of filaments obtainable therefrom, composed of a plurality of components wherein each such component appears, in cross-section, as a discrete, unblended mass which may or may not vary in its distribution, either linearly of a given structure or relative to the component distribution of similar structures;
  • conjugate shall denote such multicomponent structures which exhibit a relatively substantial uniformity of component distribution, both longitudinally of a given structure and relative to similar structures;
  • composite shall denote such multi-compo nent structures, each of which exhibits substantial uniformity in component distribution along its length, but may vary in such distribution as between similar structures;
  • variable multi-component, variable conjugate and variable composite shall be taken to denote the structures above defined but which exhibit, either randomly or periodically, a variation in their component distribution ratio along their respective lengths.
  • two or more filamentforming materials having possibly diverse chemical and/or physical properties in a fused or plasticized state, or in the form of solutions thereof, are extruded in separate or only partially intermingled phases through a common orifice or a plurality thereof, at which point they are joined together in an eccentric or side-by-side relation and passed into a setting medium, which may be either gaseous or liquid, functioning either by cooling, precipitating, or evaporating effect, to thereby form unitary filaments, in each of which the different materials form separate, unblended, eccentrically disposed portions of the body of the filament cross-section.
  • a setting medium which may be either gaseous or liquid, functioning either by cooling, precipitating, or evaporating effect
  • any of the filament forming materials or solutions may be utilized, including viscoses, proteins, such as caseins and soybean proteins, cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose acetate and ethyl celluloses, and resins such as nylons, the vinyl resins, especially the copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, and the vinylidine halides.
  • cellulose xanthates or viscoses may differ as to either age, cellulose content, sodium hydroxide content, carbon disulfide content, or as to the type of cellulose from which they are made, such as wood pulp or cotton pulp, or as to any two or more of these factors.
  • cellulose derivatives such as the esters or ethers
  • they or their solutions may differ as to viscosity, cellulose content, or as to the degree of polym erization or substitution of the cellulose chains therein.
  • resin solutions the solutions may differ as to the kind of resin, viscosity, and the degree of polymerization of the resin.
  • Two spinning materials of different classes may be combined, such as a protein with a viscose, a protein with a cellulose acetate, or a cellulose acetate with a vinyl resin. It is only necessary that the materials in the form employed, fused or in solution, do not mutually precipitate each other and that they adhere together in the final filaments.
  • Such filaments shortly after extrusion, are stretched and are either immediately thereafter permitted to relax or, after formation of the filaments, they are softened,- such as by wetting in a relaxed condition, in order to effect shrinkage.
  • completely set filaments whether stretched or not during formation, may be subsequently stretched, softened and relaxed to effect shrinkage and crimping.
  • Various forms of apparatus may be used for stretching the filaments, such as a pair of positively driven rollers succeeded by rollers being driven at higher speeds.
  • a thread-storing, thread advancing device about which the filaments continuously travel in a helical path, the individual convolutions of which become progressively larger, may be used.
  • the stretching procedure orients the molecules of the several component materials making up the filament to different degrees and, where it is performed as an afterstretching procedure, it is carried to such an extent that at least one, and preferably all components of the filament, are stretched beyond the elastic limit so that the filament is in an unbalanced condition whereby, upon relaxation during a shrinking process, the several components of the filament will shrink or contact to different degrees, with the result that the filament will have an appreciable crimp which is generally such that the filament takes the form of a regular or irregular helical coil which may reverse itself in direction at more or less frequent intervals of regular or irregular occurrence.
  • the component material undergoing the greater shrinkage during the crimp formation forms the inner portions of the filament at the bends of the crimp therein.
  • the individual crimped filaments so produced are characterized in their state of normalcy by a stabilized condition having an inherent distortion which makes the crimp one of a permanent or permanently recoverable character.
  • the filaments, whether crimped or not have a unitary structure having a cross-section at all points of the filament length, which cross-section comprises two or more substantially distinct zones, each of which is of a different composition than that of one or more of the remaining zones and at least one of which is eccentrically disposed, with respect to the filament cross-section.
  • At least two of the component zones are composed of materials having distinct differences in properties, especially in those properties which given rise to differential shrinkage or differential elastic recovery from a stretched condition.
  • Conjugate spinnerets as conventionally known are delicate, easily damaged and quite difficult to repair.
  • the knife-edge septum variety are particularly susceptible to damage, misalignment, etc.
  • conventional conjugate spinning techniques employing the use of such complicated spinneret assemblies suffer an inherent lacking in the' desired degree of controlled flexibility to operate in varying modes to obtain a controlled variation in the component distribution ratio along and between the individual filaments.
  • a further limitation encountered in the spinning of heavy denier tows by such a process is that of an uncontrolled variation in the alignment of a given bi-component interface with a given set of orifices which, in aggravated instances, may result in a tow having, for example, non-uniform self-crimpability.
  • Such a nonuniformity is magnified when such a heavy denier tow is reduced to the staple form preparatory to processing into a spun yarn. This is because staple lengths of certain numbers of the filaments comprising such a tow may exhibit an adverse component distribution, insofar as optimum self-crimpability is desired.
  • a bi-component interface of the patterned dope stream may drift, though ever so slowly, in an uncontrolled fashion across the mouth of a plurality of orifices to extrude a multi-filament tow along the length of which the average ratio of component distribution may be such as to produce an undesired degree of variation in crimpability.
  • the need therefore, becomes apparent for some provision by which it may be assured that the average ratio of component distribution across a multi-filament tow will exhibit a high degree of uniformity along successive lengths.
  • a further object of this invention is a variable multicomponent spinning process susceptible to simplified implementation, increased flexibility of execution and high production rates without undue sacrifice to uniformity of quality.
  • a still further object is a simplified variable multi-component spinning process, by the practice of which there is eliminated a need for complicated multi-component spinnerets of conventional construction, which process may be carried out by the use of conventional mono-component-type spinnerets in combination with a patterned stream generating device.
  • Another object is a novel process of variable multicomponent spinning which circumvents the necessity of maintaining separate the component spinnable mediums until a point at or immediately prior to their simultaneous extrusion through a common orifice.
  • Yet another object is to produce a rnuilti-filamentary tow exhibiting a high degree of uniformity in the average ratio of component distribution along its length.
  • Still another object is the production of a multi-filament tow, the individual filaments of which exhibit a controlled variation, either periodically or randomly, in the ratio of component distribution along their lengths.
  • the foregoing and other objects are attained in the practice of a novel and simplified variable multi-component spinning process wherein there is generated a patterned, multi-component stream of spinnable mediums having a predetermined and controlled cross-sectional geometry, the pattern of which is subjected to cont-rolled, random or periodic fluctuations in size and/ or configuration.
  • a stream is then conveyed as a laminar How to a remote spinneret or spinnerets, wherein the spinning orifices are arranged in a pattern complementing, to a predetermined degree, that of the stream.
  • a given interface between two adjacent component zones of the patterned stream may be caused to hunt or play in a controlled fashion across each of a plurality of spinning orifices in a manner to produce multi-component filaments which exhibit the desired degree of random or periodic variation in component distribution along their respective lengths.
  • the cross-sectional size and configuration of the patterned stream may be varied by one or more of several modes to accomplish such a lengthwise variation in the component distribution of each of the filaments.
  • the present process and product resulting therefrom are to be distinguished from that disclosed in United States Patent No. 2,805,465 to Miller, wherein a multicomponeut stream of spinnable mediums is sheer-mixed to generate a marbled or blended mass which is presented to a conventional spinneret with the result that filaments extruded therefrom are said to exhibit a haphazard variation in their cross-sectional composition, which variation takes place over random lengths of each individual filament.
  • the present invention is addressed to the concept of generating a patterned, multicomponent stream of spinnable mediums having a predetermined and controlled cross-sectional geometry which is designed to complement, to a predetermined and controllably varying degree, the geometric pattern of a spinning orifice arrangement, whereby the interface between adjacent components is cause-d to play across the mouth of each orifice in a controlled periodic or random fashion to thereby form a multi-component filament exhibiting a varying component distribution along its length.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic of a pipe-in-pipe type patterned stream generator which may be employed in the practice of the present invention where it is desired to generate a multi-componen-t stream having a concentric ring pattern;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on line 22 of FIG. 1 and shows one possible configuration of the multicomponent stream;
  • FIG. 3 is a full-face view of the spinneret shown edgewise in FIG. 1 and depicts one possible component distribution within the individual filaments at a given point in time;
  • FIG. 4 is a length-wise view of a filamentary structure produced by the method of the present invention and exhibits a random variation in component distribution along the length thereof;
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to that of FIG. 4 wherein the component distribution has been caused to vary periodically
  • FIGS. 6a, b, c are views of filament cross-sections taken at spaced points along the lengths of three filaments produced by the practice of and embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of a pipe-in-pipe-type patterned stream generator 10 comprising a plurality of merging stages or elements 12 arranged in tandem relationship, there being two stages illustrated. Each stage or element 12 comprises two inlets 14, 16 communicating with a common outlet 18, which outlet constitutes one of the two inlets of the next succeeding stage.
  • a solution or melt A is supplied to inlet 14 by means of a positive displacement type, variable speed driven pump 17 and a solution or melt B is supplied through inlet 16 by means of a similar pump into chamber 20 under conditions assuring a laminar flow.
  • the streams, A and B are caused to merge in a streamline fashion at a merger zone preferably located downstream of the inlet '16.
  • This mode of merging two independent streams of spinnable mediums is such as to produce a portion of the concentricring pattern illustrated in FIG. 2, wherein stream A defines a circular core and stream B defines a co-axially surrounding annulus.
  • the outlet flow of the first stage in the form of a single ring B co-axially enclosing a core A, becomes the inlet flow for the next succeeding stage, which single ring and core flow are similarly merged with a third stream of solution or melt by way of pump 19, which third stream may or may not have the same composition as that of the core material A.
  • the discharge from this second stage will have the cross-sectional pattern illustrated in FIG. 2, wherein the core A is surrounded by two concentric rings, adjacent layers differing in chosen physical and/ or chemical properties, depending upon the effect it is desired to obtain in the final filament.
  • conduit 18 is interrupted :y a flexible segment 24, which may be in the form of a :ylindrical sleeve completely interrupting two spaced segments of conduit 18, or may as well take the form of a :ylindrical element occupying a slot formed in the wall of :he conduit.
  • conduit 18 be rendered deformable to thereby vary the multi-component stream pattern in the desired manner.
  • a reciprocating differential m-otor, symbolically indicated at 26, is arranged to reciprocate a shoe 28 in a random or periodic fashion, to cooperate with sole member 30 to selectively compress the flexible member 24 to thereby pulse a fluid stream passing therethrough.
  • the means employed to compress the flexible member is susceptible to many innovations other than that shown, such as a constricting ring or even by hand. Also, the details of the particular mechanism employed to actuate the constricting means may take many forms and may be operated through a variety of programs.
  • the distance between the patterned stream generator and the spinneret assembly 22 is not critical and may vary up to five feet, or more, so long as laminar flow is maintained. It has also been found possible to effect a controlled distortion of the multi-component stream pattern by forming bends of the desired curvature in the conduit 18 interconnecting the generator 10 and the spinneret assembly.
  • the stream may be conducted through other than linear paths between the generator and the spinneret assembly with zero net distortion to the extent that such curvatures in the conduit, taken in summation, are of such sense and magnitude as to result in no net change in the direction of flow.
  • the conduit 18 is straightlined and the concentric-ring pattern undistorted from the time it leaves the generator until the point of its presentation to the spinneret assembly 22, assuming, of course, that the mechanism, either in the form of the variable speed pumps 17, 19, 21 or the flexible conduit 24, employed to effect a controlled variation in the stream pattern is not operated. It will further be appreciated from a study of FIG.
  • the streams will reflect an adjustment in their flow patterns to accommodate the particular orifice pattern which, in the case of an excessive discordance, may result in a normally undesired blending or mixing of the components in the vicinity immediately adjacent the upstream side of the spinneret, although it is conceived that certain end-product requirements may dictate the extrusion of such a random-blended, multi-component stream.
  • Another structurally simplified mode of causing a bicomponent interface of a patterned, multi-component stream to hunt across a chosen group of orifices in a random or periodic fashion is accomplished by effecting a complementary variation in the relative pump speeds of the component mediums.
  • variable speed, positive displacement type pumps 17, 19, 21 the rate of delivery of each component medium may readily be varied with respect to time to accomplish a controlled fluctuation in the multi-component stream pattern, with consequent bi-component interface fluctuation about each orifice, resulting in the extrusion of filaments exhibiting a variation in component distribution along their respective lengths.
  • any drifting of a given bi-component interface across a given orifice is normally very gradual and, of course, uncontrolled with the result that filamentary lengths sometimes on the order of several feet may be extruded which exhibit an undesirable component distribution, insofar as optimum self-crimpability is concerned.
  • Such adverse distribution occurring over uncontrolled lengths of time may be further aggravated by an inter-filament variation in component distribution to result in a filamentary tow exhibiting an undesirable level of non-uniformity of crimp or other phenomena attributable to the diversity of properties of the component mediums.
  • Modes other than those employing a periodically distorted flexible segment or a complementary variation in the flow rates of the component mediums are as well visualized, the common denominator of all such modes being the inducement of a random or periodic fluctuation of the position of a given bi-component interface relative to the group of orifices supplied thereby.
  • the same result might as Well be accomplished by arranging the spinneret assembly to be periodically or randomly shifted transversely of a steady-state stream of unvarying pattern. Such a transverse shifting or vibration of the spinneret assembly will effect the same relative displacement between the orifices and the bi-com-ponent interfaces.
  • the same result may as Well be accomplished by mounting the spinneret assembly to rotate or oscillate eccentrically with respect to a multi-component stream having a concentric ring pattern, a given group of orifices being thereby caused to shift relative to its associated interface.
  • Still another mode of causing a bi-component interface to play across a group of orifices may be practiced where there is employed a concentric ring, laminated plate generator operative to generate a multi-component stream having a concentric ring pattern, such a generator being the subject matter of co-pending applications Ser. No. 7, filed June 25, 1962 and Ser. No. 307,386, filed Sept. 9, 1963, now US. Patent No. 3,217,734.
  • the generator disclosed in application Ser. No. 204,707 may be operated to generate a pattern of parallel layers, while that of Ser. No. 307,386 is operable to provide a concentric ring pattern, or variations thereon.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a filamentary structure resulting from a randomly induced fluctuation of the bi-component interface over the orifice through which the filament was extruded
  • FIG. 5 shows the component distribution resulting from a periodic fluctuation of an interface, either mode of fluctuation being obtained by one or more of the above referred to procedures, or equivalents thereof.
  • the fre quency and amplitude of the variation may take place over wide ranges according to the characteristic it is desired to obtain in the end product.
  • FIGS. 6a, b, and c show three typical cross-sections taken at spaced points along the lengths of three filaments issuing from a common spinneret station. It is seen that in FIG. 6a, A is the predominant component with very minor portions of component B appearing in, possibly, two of the three filaments. At a later position along the length of these same three filaments, the component distribution is seen to have changed to approximately 1:1 and, in FIG. 60, the distribution has again changed to one of predominantly compo-nent B. As previously discussed, this variation in distribution may be caused to take place over filamentary lengths ranging from fractions of an inch up to several feet, according to the dictates of ultimate usage. Itis also to be noted that the typical cross-sections of FIG.
  • An improved process for producing multi-component filamentary structures which exhibit a controlled variation in component distribution ratio along their respective lengths comprising the steps of successively merging in a laminar fashion two or more diverse spinnable components in alternating sequence to thereby generate a multi-component stream composed of at least three unblended components arranged in a pre-determined pattern and having sharp lines of demarcation between adjacent components, conveying said pattern stream to a remotely positioned spinneret having an orifice pattern of a predetermined degree of correspondence with the pattern of said stream, whereby each line of demarcation is caused to intersect a chosen group of said orifices, inducing a timed fluctuation in the position of at least one of said lines of demarcation relative to its associated group of orifices to thereby effect a timed variation in the ratio of component mediums issuing from a given orifice.
  • a process as defined in claim 1 wherein the step of inducing a fluctuation in the position of a line of demarcation relative to its associated group of orifices is characterized by a timed rotation of the spinneret about an axis perpendicular to the plane thereof.

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US307532A 1963-09-09 1963-09-09 Method of multi-component spinning Expired - Lifetime US3318987A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3403422A (en) * 1964-07-02 1968-10-01 Japan Exlan Co Ltd Apparatus for spinning multicomponent fibers
US3458615A (en) * 1967-04-18 1969-07-29 Du Pont Hydrodynamically centering sheath/core filament spinnerette
US3469279A (en) * 1963-10-19 1969-09-30 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Spinneret for heterofilaments
US3860685A (en) * 1964-06-15 1975-01-14 Japan Exlan Co Ltd Method and apparatus for spinning multicomponent fibers
US4592885A (en) * 1980-05-20 1986-06-03 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Film manufacturing method for improved surface smoothness

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2386173A (en) * 1943-05-13 1945-10-02 American Viscose Corp Apparatus for the production of artificial filaments
US2780833A (en) * 1952-06-11 1957-02-12 American Viscose Corp Apparatus for the production of artificial slubbed filaments
US2866256A (en) * 1956-04-05 1958-12-30 Rohm & Haas Wool-like artificial fibers
US2983282A (en) * 1958-05-12 1961-05-09 American Viscose Corp Apparatus for producing artificial filaments
US3180912A (en) * 1962-06-25 1965-04-27 Monsanto Co Methods and apparatus for spinning multicomponent filaments
US3192295A (en) * 1961-02-22 1965-06-29 Schweizerische Viscose Process for the manufacture of spontaneously crimping composite filaments
US3209402A (en) * 1962-03-07 1965-10-05 Celanese Corp Apparatus for producing multicom-ponent filaments and yarns

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2386173A (en) * 1943-05-13 1945-10-02 American Viscose Corp Apparatus for the production of artificial filaments
US2780833A (en) * 1952-06-11 1957-02-12 American Viscose Corp Apparatus for the production of artificial slubbed filaments
US2866256A (en) * 1956-04-05 1958-12-30 Rohm & Haas Wool-like artificial fibers
US2983282A (en) * 1958-05-12 1961-05-09 American Viscose Corp Apparatus for producing artificial filaments
US3192295A (en) * 1961-02-22 1965-06-29 Schweizerische Viscose Process for the manufacture of spontaneously crimping composite filaments
US3209402A (en) * 1962-03-07 1965-10-05 Celanese Corp Apparatus for producing multicom-ponent filaments and yarns
US3180912A (en) * 1962-06-25 1965-04-27 Monsanto Co Methods and apparatus for spinning multicomponent filaments

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3469279A (en) * 1963-10-19 1969-09-30 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Spinneret for heterofilaments
US3860685A (en) * 1964-06-15 1975-01-14 Japan Exlan Co Ltd Method and apparatus for spinning multicomponent fibers
US3403422A (en) * 1964-07-02 1968-10-01 Japan Exlan Co Ltd Apparatus for spinning multicomponent fibers
US3458615A (en) * 1967-04-18 1969-07-29 Du Pont Hydrodynamically centering sheath/core filament spinnerette
US4592885A (en) * 1980-05-20 1986-06-03 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Film manufacturing method for improved surface smoothness

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