US3318370A - Apparatus for casting thin-walled cast iron parts - Google Patents

Apparatus for casting thin-walled cast iron parts Download PDF

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Publication number
US3318370A
US3318370A US379919A US37991964A US3318370A US 3318370 A US3318370 A US 3318370A US 379919 A US379919 A US 379919A US 37991964 A US37991964 A US 37991964A US 3318370 A US3318370 A US 3318370A
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United States
Prior art keywords
furnace
molten metal
mold
female die
snorkel tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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US379919A
Inventor
Daniel E Groteke
James A Stavrolakis
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American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corp
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American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corp
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Application filed by American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corp filed Critical American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corp
Priority to US379919A priority Critical patent/US3318370A/en
Priority to FR19846A priority patent/FR1435698A/en
Priority to GB28019/65A priority patent/GB1063543A/en
Priority to DEA49628A priority patent/DE1280505B/en
Priority to CH927265A priority patent/CH439605A/en
Priority to US604773A priority patent/US3523570A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3318370A publication Critical patent/US3318370A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/08—Controlling, supervising, e.g. for safety reasons

Definitions

  • the main object of this invention is to provide an automated process for formation of light, strong, uniform, thin-walled fixtures which process produces castings requiring a minimum of secondary operations prior to enameling.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a novel hydraulically operated mold which is easily automated and which when operated according to the method of the invention produces gray iron castings of unusually low section thickness with little or no scrap loss.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a method of producing thin-walled castings of metal characterized by pouring a molten gray iron composition into an insulated, coated, preheated female die, rapidly closing the mold by bringing the insulated preheated male die to a point just above the molten iron, slowly advancing the male die during forming and quick opening the mold while the metal is at red heat.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide novel means for conveying molten iron in a furnace through a heated snorkel tube to a female die.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide novel means for extending the life of the snorkel tube by minimizing thermal shock.
  • the novel forming apparatus of the invention comprises a male die 3 (cope) which is so maneuvered for example, by a piston in a cylinder such as shown in FIGS. 2A and 23, that at the start of any given cycle it is in open position 2; and a female die (drag) mounted above a pressurized melting furnace 14 connected therewith by a snorkel tube 6, made of a refractory alloy or compound.
  • Furnace 14 has a gas-tight lid 20.
  • An auxiliary heat source 7 surrounds the upper part of tube 6. This tube can be cooled if needed by passing water which enters a cooling coil at 8 and exits at 10.
  • the diameter of snorkel tube 6 is such as to enable it to receive the core projection 11 on male die 3.
  • inert gas which is non-oxidizing under the ambient conditions is maintained over the molten metal in the furnace.
  • Suitable inert gases for the purposes of this invention include nitrogen, argon, helium, chlorine or carbon dioxide. be used to convey the selected gas to the furnace.
  • the male die When the metal level has returned to the level indicated by 12, the male die is quickly retracted to position 2.
  • the press-formed casting will then either remain in the female die or will adhere to the male die.
  • This position can be controlled by regulating the die temperatures, the surface finish of the dies and the cycle timing. Die temperature is controlled by adjusting cycle time. For example, lengthening the time a mold remains closed lowers the temperature of the press formed part and increases its shrinkage.
  • the cast section then locks onto the cope side of the die assembly.
  • the preferred method is to open the mold when the casting is between 1750 and 1500 F. The casting remains in the drag side of the mold and is easily removed without any danger of cracking. Cycle Any means well known in the art can the four-way valve.
  • time is a function of metal volume poured, cooling used, etc.
  • the finished casting can be removed by ejection off the male die with ejection pins or by picking up the casting from the female mold with a conventional vacuum holder.
  • the casting should be retracted from the mold before it has cooled below black heat.
  • All the die surfaces which are wet by the molten metal should be coated with either lampblack, or, preferably by a multilayer coating disclosed and claimed in co-pending Ser. No. 380,047 filed this day, now Patent No. 3,266,- 107.
  • the coating described in said application consists of a base coating of a high conductivity, high ductility material usedin the base layer, an inert refractory metal oxide and a plasma-sprayed overlayer of refractory oxide.
  • a limit switch LS-l shown in FIG. 2A closes to complete the hold circuit, allowing the start switch to be released.
  • limit switch 'LS-2 energizing solenoid 3 which stops the direct exhaust of water from the bottom of the cylinder to the drain. Instead, the exhaust water is channeled through the variable flow control valve.
  • Limit switch LS'2 also energizes a timer motor and clutch, connected as shown in FIG. 2B. 7
  • the timer switch TM-l closes, energizing solenoid 2, which changes This provides free, fiow of water through the check valve into the bottom cylinder. Water exhausting from the top is directed to the drain.
  • LS2 As the piston starts to retract, LS2 is opened. 'Atthe topv of .the return stroke, the normally closed 0 limit switch; LS.1 -opens, the hold relay, timer clutch,
  • solenoid 1 is deenergized and all motion ceases.
  • the dies of the machine shown in FIG. 1 were maintained at a temperature of 700 to 800 F. and the "metal pouring temperature between 2400 and 2750 F.
  • said male mold having a central core projection positionso as to project through said opening in said female die and below the level to which molten metal solidifies, and heating means to heat the molten metal within said snorkel tube and maintain the upper level of the'molten iron above the bottom of the said central core projection during the molding operation, whereby decreasing the pressure in said holding furnace after solidification of the metal in said mold cavity causes the level of the molten metal to drop from a point above the bottom of said core projection to a point below the bottom of said core projection.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a cylinder connected to said male die and adapted to move the same in relation to said female die, a hydraulic circuit for actuating said cylinder, electric means for controlling said hydraulic circuit, said means including means for energizing said hydraulic system, means for holding said system stationary, and means for de-energizing the same.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Description

May 9, 1967 D E. GROTEKE ETAL 3,318,370
APPARATUS FOR CASTING THIN-WALLED CAST IRON PARTS 1964 2 SheetsSheet 1 INVENTORS Daniel E. Groteke James A. Stovrolukis BY (11 MM ATTORN EY y 9, 1967 D. E. GROTEKE ETAL APPARATUS FOR CASTING THIN-WALLED CAST IRON PARTS 2 SheetsSheet 2 Filed July 1964 s z w INVENTORS Daniel E. Grofeke James A. Sfovrolokis BY (MM ATTORN EY United States Patent 3,318,370 APPARATUS FOR (IASTING THIN-WALLED CAST IRON PARTS Daniel E. Groteke and James A. Stavrolakis, Louisville,
Ky., assignors to American Radiator & Standard Sanitary Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Delaware Filed July 2, 1964, Ser. No. 379,919 3 Claims. (Cl. 164-306) This invention relates to a permanent casting apparatus suitable for carrying out the claimed process.
It is already known in the art in which this invention is classified that the difiiculty of obtaining acceptable castings increases as the cross sectional area of the casting decreases. In particular, the occurrence of holes, as caused by misruns, slag, and sand, in thin-walled castings is far more frequent and far more serious, since such castings as sinks and bathtubs are to be enameled.
Various techniques have been suggested and tried in order to obtain satisfactory thin-walled castings. Each of these suggestions have singly suffered from one or more serious disadvantage. Thus, using regular permanent mold practices, non-uniform temperature gradients in the solidifying casting cause warping and distortion. Use of a thick coating of mold wash in the female mold, as performed in the art, results often in a roughened casting surface. Similarly, the use of pressure alone on the metal during or after its entry in the mold frequently has been found to produce unduly porous castings owing to the air or other gases being entrapped in the molten metal.
The main object of this invention is to provide an automated process for formation of light, strong, uniform, thin-walled fixtures which process produces castings requiring a minimum of secondary operations prior to enameling.
Another object of the invention is to provide a novel hydraulically operated mold which is easily automated and which when operated according to the method of the invention produces gray iron castings of unusually low section thickness with little or no scrap loss.
A further object of this invention is to provide a method of producing thin-walled castings of metal characterized by pouring a molten gray iron composition into an insulated, coated, preheated female die, rapidly closing the mold by bringing the insulated preheated male die to a point just above the molten iron, slowly advancing the male die during forming and quick opening the mold while the metal is at red heat.
Another object of the invention is to provide novel means for conveying molten iron in a furnace through a heated snorkel tube to a female die.
A further object of the invention is to provide novel means for extending the life of the snorkel tube by minimizing thermal shock.
These and other related objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more fully understood as the description of the invention proceeds, particularly when taken together with the accompanying drawing in which FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional elevation of the novel forming apparatus of the invention. FIG. 2A is a circuit diagram of a hydraulic circuit for operating said apparatus. FIG. 2B is a circuit diagram for said apparatus.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention there has been selected apparatus suitable for the casting of bathtubs or sinks. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is in no way limited to the casting of such shapes.
Referring now to the drawing, the novel forming apparatus of the invention comprises a male die 3 (cope) which is so maneuvered for example, by a piston in a cylinder such as shown in FIGS. 2A and 23, that at the start of any given cycle it is in open position 2; and a female die (drag) mounted above a pressurized melting furnace 14 connected therewith by a snorkel tube 6, made of a refractory alloy or compound. Furnace 14 has a gas-tight lid 20. An auxiliary heat source 7 surrounds the upper part of tube 6. This tube can be cooled if needed by passing water which enters a cooling coil at 8 and exits at 10. The diameter of snorkel tube 6 is such as to enable it to receive the core projection 11 on male die 3.
Provision is made to cool both the male and female dies by passing air, steam, or water through passages 13.
An inert gas which is non-oxidizing under the ambient conditions is maintained over the molten metal in the furnace. Suitable inert gases for the purposes of this invention include nitrogen, argon, helium, chlorine or carbon dioxide. be used to convey the selected gas to the furnace.
The method of the invention can be illustrated by referring to the operation of the above described apparatus.
At the start of any given forming cycle, the gas pressure P over the metal in the furnace is higher than the outside atmospheric pressure. This value is suflicient to keep a column of molten metal in the snorkel tube 6 above the heat source. The pressure then is increased to a value high enough to force metal up into the female die in an amount sufiicient to give a full casting with .minimal excess. This amount is denoted in the drawing by fill line 1 while the necessary pressure may be denoted by P The level of the fill metal and the volume of the overflow trap are balanced to insure that all overflow metal, after forming, is still connected to the casting by a parting line flash which is sheared from the finished casting in a secondary trimming operation. The level of the metal in the mold is controlled by the duration and value of the fill pressure. The desired height of the metal is a function of the volume of the overflow trap which is controlled by the design and size of the part being press formed.
While this prefill operation takes place by increasing the gas pressure, the male die may either be in position 2, which it has reached upon completion of the previous cycle; or at a point just above the metal fill line or in position 4. However, if position 4 is used, the insulating value of the coating on the dies must be high enough to permit filling the casting before solidification occurs. To form the casting, the male die (cope) is slowly brought into the female mold (drag) to the extent that the central core projection penetrates the central opening 16 in the female mold and displaces the molten metal to the shape defined by the dies when closed. As soon as solidification is complete, the pressure is restored to P to permit the level of the molten metal to fall to the level denoted by reference character 12 before opening the mold. The life of the snorkel tube is thus extended by minimizing ther-- mal shock.
When the metal level has returned to the level indicated by 12, the male die is quickly retracted to position 2. The press-formed casting will then either remain in the female die or will adhere to the male die. This position can be controlled by regulating the die temperatures, the surface finish of the dies and the cycle timing. Die temperature is controlled by adjusting cycle time. For example, lengthening the time a mold remains closed lowers the temperature of the press formed part and increases its shrinkage. The cast section then locks onto the cope side of the die assembly. The preferred method is to open the mold when the casting is between 1750 and 1500 F. The casting remains in the drag side of the mold and is easily removed without any danger of cracking. Cycle Any means well known in the art can the four-way valve.
time is a function of metal volume poured, cooling used, etc.
The finished casting can be removed by ejection off the male die with ejection pins or by picking up the casting from the female mold with a conventional vacuum holder. Preferably the casting should be retracted from the mold before it has cooled below black heat.
All the die surfaces which are wet by the molten metal should be coated with either lampblack, or, preferably by a multilayer coating disclosed and claimed in co-pending Ser. No. 380,047 filed this day, now Patent No. 3,266,- 107. The coating described in said application consists of a base coating of a high conductivity, high ductility material usedin the base layer, an inert refractory metal oxide and a plasma-sprayed overlayer of refractory oxide.
The apparatus of the invention may be automated by the .use of a hydraulic system controlled by an electrical circuit such asshown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, as will appear hereinafter.
In order to begin a cycle on the machine of the invention, a start switch shown in FIG..2B is closed to pull in a hold relay, CR-l. Solenoid 1 is also energized, thereby permitting water flow through the four-way valve into the top 40.0f the cylinder, the rod 41 is operatively connected to male die 3.
When the cylinder starts its stroke downward, a limit switch LS-l shown in FIG. 2A, closes to complete the hold circuit, allowing the start switch to be released.
At a point above the molten metal, the descending upper die closes limit switch 'LS-2, energizing solenoid 3, which stops the direct exhaust of water from the bottom of the cylinder to the drain. Instead, the exhaust water is channeled through the variable flow control valve. Limit switch LS'2 also energizes a timer motor and clutch, connected as shown in FIG. 2B. 7 After the desired time interval is completed, the timer switch TM-l closes, energizing solenoid 2, which changes This provides free, fiow of water through the check valve into the bottom cylinder. Water exhausting from the top is directed to the drain.
As the piston starts to retract, LS2 is opened. 'Atthe topv of .the return stroke, the normally closed 0 limit switch; LS.1 -opens, the hold relay, timer clutch,
and motor drop out, solenoid 1 is deenergized and all motion ceases.
In successful demonstrations of the practice of the ini vention, the dies of the machine shown in FIG. 1 were maintained at a temperature of 700 to 800 F. and the "metal pouring temperature between 2400 and 2750 F.
7 I shapes was excellent.
Having thus described and explained this invention and its mode of operation it will be understood that numerous variations in the form and arrangement of parts shown and described may be made without departing from the nature and scope of the invention, except as defined in the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. In an apparatus for press-forming thin walled cast iron parts, and having;
(a) a gas tight, pressurized holding furnace, having an opening in the top portion thereof;
(b) a snorkel tube mounted on said holding furnace, and extending into molten metal in said furnace;
(c) a female die mounted above said snorkel tube and having an opening in operative communication with said snorkel tube;
(d) a male mold mounted proximate said female die, said female die and said male mold being spaced apart so as to provide a mold cavity; I
(e) means. to selectively increase and decrease the gas pressure within said hold furnace and thereby force,
molten metal from said furnace, upward-1y through said snorkel tube and into said mold cavity;
(f) means to cause molten metal in said mold cavity to cool and solidify, the improvement comprising:
said male mold having a central core projection positionso as to project through said opening in said female die and below the level to which molten metal solidifies, and heating means to heat the molten metal within said snorkel tube and maintain the upper level of the'molten iron above the bottom of the said central core projection during the molding operation, whereby decreasing the pressure in said holding furnace after solidification of the metal in said mold cavity causes the level of the molten metal to drop from a point above the bottom of said core projection to a point below the bottom of said core projection.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein cooling means are provided for maintaining said core projection within desired operating limits.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a cylinder connected to said male die and adapted to move the same in relation to said female die, a hydraulic circuit for actuating said cylinder, electric means for controlling said hydraulic circuit, said means including means for energizing said hydraulic system, means for holding said system stationary, and means for de-energizing the same.
References Cited by the Examiner J. SPENCER OVERHOLSER, Primary Examiner.
R. SPENCER ANNEAR, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. IN AN APPARATUS FOR PRESS-FORMING THIN WALLED CAST IRON PARTS, AND HAVING; (A) A GAS TIGHT, PRESSURIZED HOLDING FURNACE, HAVING AN OPENING IN THE TOP PORTION THEREOF; (B) A SNORKEL TUBE MOUNTED ON SAID HOLDING FURNACE, AND EXTENDING INTO MOLTEN METAL IN SAID FURNACE; (C) A FEMALE DIE MOUNTED ABOVE SAID SNORKEL TUBE AND HAVING AN OPENING IN OPERATIVE COMMUNICATION WITH SAID SNORKEL TUBE; (D) A MALE MOLD MOUNTED PROXIMATE SAID FEMALE DIE, SAID FEMALE DIE AND SAID MALE MOLD BEING SPACED APART SO AS TO PROVIDE A MOLD CAVITY; (E) MEANS TO SELECTIVELY INCREASE AND DECREASE THE GAS PRESSURE WITHIN SAID HOLD FURNACE AND THEREBY FORCE MOLTEN METAL FROM SAID FURNACE, UPWARDLY THROUGH SAID SNORKEL TUBE AND INTO SAID MOLD CAVITY; (F) MEANS TO CAUSE MOLTEN METAL IN SAID MOLD CAVITY TO COOL AND SOLIDIFY, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING: SAID MALE MOLD HAVING A CENTRAL CORE PROJECTION POSITION SO AS TO PROJECT THROUGH SAID OPENING IN SAID FEMALE DIE AND BELOW THE LEVEL TO WHICH MOLTEN METAL SOLIDIFIES, AND HEATING MEANS TO
US379919A 1964-07-02 1964-07-02 Apparatus for casting thin-walled cast iron parts Expired - Lifetime US3318370A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US379919A US3318370A (en) 1964-07-02 1964-07-02 Apparatus for casting thin-walled cast iron parts
FR19846A FR1435698A (en) 1964-07-02 1965-06-08 Process for obtaining thin-walled cast iron parts
GB28019/65A GB1063543A (en) 1964-07-02 1965-07-01 Method of forming thin-walled cast iron parts
DEA49628A DE1280505B (en) 1964-07-02 1965-07-01 Process for die casting thin-walled metal parts
CH927265A CH439605A (en) 1964-07-02 1965-07-02 Method for casting metallic castings, device for carrying out the method and application of the method
US604773A US3523570A (en) 1964-07-02 1966-12-27 Method of press forming thin-walled cast iron parts

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US379919A US3318370A (en) 1964-07-02 1964-07-02 Apparatus for casting thin-walled cast iron parts

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US604773A Expired - Lifetime US3523570A (en) 1964-07-02 1966-12-27 Method of press forming thin-walled cast iron parts

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CH (1) CH439605A (en)
DE (1) DE1280505B (en)
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GB (1) GB1063543A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3425484A (en) * 1966-02-02 1969-02-04 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for introducing coating metal to a vapor-deposition chamber
US3472308A (en) * 1966-08-29 1969-10-14 Multifastener Corp Method and apparatus for permanent mold casting
US3690367A (en) * 1968-07-05 1972-09-12 Anadite Inc Apparatus for the restructuring of metals
US3858641A (en) * 1971-02-12 1975-01-07 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Metal casting in thin walled molds
US4779790A (en) * 1985-08-08 1988-10-25 Pace Incorporated Job oriented method and apparatus utilizing molten solder for procedures such as soldering and desoldering

Families Citing this family (17)

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US3628598A (en) * 1968-10-23 1971-12-21 Modern Equipment Co Casting molds
US3656539A (en) * 1969-01-29 1972-04-18 Amsted Ind Inc Apparatus for casting molten metal
US3814170A (en) * 1971-06-08 1974-06-04 F Kahn Apparatus for melting and casting material under pressure
US3976118A (en) * 1971-06-08 1976-08-24 Friedhelm Kahn Method for casting material under pressure
FR2210467B1 (en) * 1972-12-15 1975-03-28 Voisin Ets A
US4088177A (en) * 1976-01-07 1978-05-09 General Electric Company Permanent magnet D.C. dynamoelectric machine and method of making same
EP0008858A1 (en) * 1978-08-04 1980-03-19 Gkn Kent Alloys Limited Die casting
DE2950597A1 (en) * 1979-12-15 1981-07-02 Russ-Elektroofen Produktions-Gesellschaft mbH & Co KG, 5000 Köln AUTOMATED LOW-PRESSURE CASTING METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
GB8414129D0 (en) * 1984-06-02 1984-07-04 Cosworth Res & Dev Ltd Casting of metal articles
GB2159445B (en) * 1984-06-02 1988-07-06 Cosworth Res & Dev Ltd Casting of metal articles
IT1268996B1 (en) * 1994-09-05 1997-03-18 Borli Engineering Srl MULTI-STAGE MELTING PLANT
DE10352183A1 (en) * 2003-11-05 2005-06-23 Dihag Deutsche Giesserei- Und Industrie-Holding Ag Casting made with mold and cold-hardening molding material with binder, is formed by preheating mold to given temperature before melt introduction
DE102006008359B4 (en) * 2006-02-21 2008-06-05 Direkt Form Gmbh Temperable tool made of a cast metal material for shaping workpieces
DE102008027682B4 (en) * 2008-06-10 2011-03-17 Eduard Heidt Method for producing thin-walled and high-strength components
DE102018128605B4 (en) 2018-11-14 2020-07-30 Meissner Ag Modell- Und Werkzeugfabrik Casting tool, for example core shooting tool or mold, and a corresponding casting process
CN109648061A (en) * 2019-01-08 2019-04-19 哈尔滨工业大学 Type liquid forging forming device and manufacturing process are quickly filled in a kind of air pressure
DE102020103035A1 (en) 2020-02-06 2021-08-12 Meissner Ag Modell- Und Werkzeugfabrik Molding tool with a heat conductor structure and a corresponding process

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US1416261A (en) * 1922-05-16 Feeding device fob die-casting machines
US1952201A (en) * 1931-08-12 1934-03-27 Sterling Corp Apparatus for casting
US2569150A (en) * 1948-05-07 1951-09-25 Joseph B Brennan Casting method and apparatus
US2680883A (en) * 1950-08-04 1954-06-15 Hpm Dev Corp Injection molding machine
US2839802A (en) * 1955-08-19 1958-06-24 Morris Bean & Company Method of casting metal

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3120038A (en) * 1962-08-29 1964-02-04 Cast Forge Corp High pressure permanent molding

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1416261A (en) * 1922-05-16 Feeding device fob die-casting machines
US1952201A (en) * 1931-08-12 1934-03-27 Sterling Corp Apparatus for casting
US2569150A (en) * 1948-05-07 1951-09-25 Joseph B Brennan Casting method and apparatus
US2680883A (en) * 1950-08-04 1954-06-15 Hpm Dev Corp Injection molding machine
US2839802A (en) * 1955-08-19 1958-06-24 Morris Bean & Company Method of casting metal

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3425484A (en) * 1966-02-02 1969-02-04 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for introducing coating metal to a vapor-deposition chamber
US3472308A (en) * 1966-08-29 1969-10-14 Multifastener Corp Method and apparatus for permanent mold casting
US3690367A (en) * 1968-07-05 1972-09-12 Anadite Inc Apparatus for the restructuring of metals
US3858641A (en) * 1971-02-12 1975-01-07 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Metal casting in thin walled molds
US4779790A (en) * 1985-08-08 1988-10-25 Pace Incorporated Job oriented method and apparatus utilizing molten solder for procedures such as soldering and desoldering

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Publication number Publication date
US3523570A (en) 1970-08-11
FR1435698A (en) 1966-04-15
GB1063543A (en) 1967-03-30
DE1280505B (en) 1968-10-17
CH439605A (en) 1967-07-15

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