US331674A - bailey - Google Patents

Description

4 Sheets-Sheety 1.

(No Modell) I R. A. BAILEY.

'ELECTRO MAGNETIC GUT-OEE FOB ENGINES. No. 331,674.Y Patented Dec. 1, 1885..

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R. A. BAILEY.

ELECTRO MAGNETIC GUT-OFP FOR ENGINES.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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R. A. BAILEY. ELECTRO MAGNETIC GUT-OFP FOR ENGINES.

No.3'31,674. Paltented Dec. 1, 1885.

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R. A. BAILEY. ELECTRO MAGNETIC CUT-OIT POR ENGINES.

No. 331,674. PatenteDec. 1, 1885..

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RICHARD A. BAILEY, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC CUT-OFF FOR ENGlNES.

'BPEClI-SICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 331,674, dated December 1,1885.

Application tiled April 17, 1885. Serial No. 162,540. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, R101-IARD A. BAILEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Providence, in the county of Providence and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Electro-Magnetic Out-Offs for Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art'to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to steanrengines or other motors having detachable valve-gear automatically controlled bythe action of the governor; and it consists of one or more electromagnets secured to a loosely-mounted le ver adapted to receive vibratory movement by means of an eccentric or its equivalent, in combination with an armature lever secured to the valve-stem.

My invention also consists, in combination with saidv electro-magnet-carrying lever and armature-lever, of a governor provided with partially electrically insulated rods `or connections which move coincident with the governor-balls, and electrically-connected rods or brushes/7 which also connect with the eccentric or other suitably moving part of the engine, for the purpose of regulating the point of cutoff for the steam, the same being` effected by means of the intermittent flow of the electric current through suitable conductingwires,which unite said levers and governor.

My invention consists, Iinally, of a sliding key or pin mounted in the armaturelever, said pin being adapted to enter an opening formed in the electro-magnetcarrying lever for the purpose of locking the two levers together, when desired, thereby converting the engine into a positive cut-off motor, all as will loe more fully hereinafter set forth and claimed.

The object of my invention is to simplify and render more sensitive in action both the cut-off and regulating mechanism of steam engines or other analogous motors, the same being effected by means of a lever secured to the Valve-rod, and forming the armature for the loosely-mounted lever, which carries one l or more electro-magnets, said latter lever being connected with the wrist-lever, carrier, and eccentric, as usually constructed, the armature-lever in turn being connected with a weight or vacuum-pot, thus forming the wellknown drop cut-off.

My invention also has for its object to so combine said electro-magnetic valve-controlling levers with the regulating mechanism by means of electrical connections embodying a novel device for making and breaking the electric circuit, that the regulator in its fluctuations produces a variable and automatic cntoif for the admission of steam into the cylinder.

A distinctive feature of the invention consists ot' a suitably-mounted lever adapted to receive reciprocating or vibratory movement, and carrying one or more electro-magnets, adapted in turn to magnetically connect with the valve-lever, which also forms the arma ture, the electrical current used in connection therewith being generated by means of a battery or a dynamo-machine. I prefer, however, to employ the latter system, in which case it may be operated direct from the engine, if desired.

Heretofore, so :far as I am aware, in engines or other motors having valves controlled by means of electricity, all or nearly all of the intermediate connections, including eccentrics and rook-levers, have been dispensed with. My device, on the contrary, provides for the retention of the eccentric or other analogous means as common for working the valve-gear, thereby adapting the valves ofthe engine to be both electro-magnetically and mechanically operated as desired.

To fully illustrate the improvements clai med herewith, I have prepared the four accompanying sheets of drawings, in which- Figure l represents a side view of an engine embodying my improvements, the engine shown being the well-known Oorliss type, having four valves connected with the wristlever and worked by means of the eccentric. Fig. 2is aplan view ofthe same, the fly-wheel and outboard bearing, however, not shown. Eig. 8, Sheet 2, is an enlarged and detached view of the lever secured to the valve-stem, and also of a loosely-mounted lever having two wings or arms, one of which carries the electro-magnets, the other being connected with the wrist-lever link, both of said levers being represented as magnetically united and moving in an upward direction for the purpose of uncovering the port to admit steam into the cylinder. Fig. 4 is a similar view,the electro-magnetic current, however, having been broken, thereby adapting the steam to be cut off by means of a weight or vacuum-pot connected to the valve-stem lever or armature. Fig. 4t is a partial transverse sectional view through t-he steam valve and port, corresponding to the position shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 5is a plan view of said levers and connections, a portion thereof being represented in horizontal central section. Fig. 6 is a partial vertical longitudinal section through the levers on line :t x of Fig. 3, showing the locking device as disconnected, the same serving, when locked to cause the levers to travel in unison. Fig. 7 is a partial plan view of the same. Fig. 8, Sheet 3, is an enlarged view in elevation, of the regulating mechanism, showing the vibrating brushes or commutator engaging the partially-insulated rods of the regulator. Fig. 9 is an enlarged partial sectional view ofthe partially-insulated rod,having a metallic strip or surface adapted to connect with the circuit-wires. Fig. I0, Sheet 4, is a view of the regulator and its connections, (both electrical and mechanicah) showingthe balls revolving in a contracted circular path, in which position the electric circuit remains unbroken throughout the stroke of the engine, during which time, also, the valve-levers are both electro-magnetically connected, as shown in Fig. 3, thereby adapting the steam to be cut off by means ofthe eccentric and its connections, the engine thereby developing its maximum of power. Fig. 11 represents a similar view,the balls, however, revolving in an enlarged circular path, by means of which the electric current is alternately broken, caused by the riding of the commutator-brushes onto the insulated surface of the regulator-rods, thus adapting the valve to out off the steam early in the stroke. (See Figs. 1 and 4.) Fig. 12 represents the position of the regulator-balls in case the engine runs over speed or races from any cause, the electric connection then serving as a sal'ety attachment in preventing the steam-valves from opening, as neither of the brushes engage the conducting-surface of the regulator-rods, thereby demagnetizing the electro-magnets and destroying their attractive force; and Figs. 13 and 14 represent, finally, a modification of the regulator-rods, thereby adapting them, in connection wit-h said positively-moving brushes, to serve as a safety device to prevent the valvelevcr from hooking on77 or connecting with the electro-magnets, while the regulator sleeve and balls arein their extreme positions, down and up, corresponding to the parts shown in Figs. 13 and 14, respectively.

The following is a detailed description of the invention, including the manner of its operation. I would state, in passing, however, that for the purposes of illustration, I have selected the Gorliss type of horizontal engine in which to represent my electro-magnetic cutoff, although practically I do not restrict myself to such engines, as the device is equally adapted for use in any style of engine having detachable valve'gear.

A, again referring to the drawings, designates the steam-cylinder, the same being connected to the main bearing A2 by means of the frame or bed A, all constructed as usual.

s indicates the main shaft, carrying the eccentric c, which in turn connects with an arm or carrier, c, loosely mounted upon the stud 7c, from which a rod, p, connects it with a wrist-lever, a, all as commonly constructed.

H designates the regulator adapted to be driven by a belt, t', leading from a pulley, g2, secured upon the main shaft.

The cylinder A is provided with ports and valves for admitting and exhausting the steam, also as usual in engines of the type, a detailed description thereof not being deemed essential to this specification. In Fig. 45, however, I have represented the steam-valve m4 of the back end ofthe cylinder in the act of cutting oft' the steam flowing through thc port m, and corresponding to the position o1" the levers shown in Fig. 4. The main moving parts of the engine, such as the piston and its rod, the cross-head, and connecting-rod, as well as the crank, Sie., are all also constructed to operate as usual.

o* designates the valve bonnets, secured to the rear of each of the steam-valve chests, the outer end of each bonnet being turned oil' to receive the magnet-carrying lever B.

m is the stem or rod upon which the valve m4 is mounted, the rod being supported in the outer end of the bonnet and extending beyond the same for the purpose of being` secured to the arm or lever D, the latter having apin, c,

projecting horizontally therefrom, upon which is loosely mounted the rod c, provided at its lower end with a vacuum-pot, w, Fig. l, or its equivalent. Said lever D also serves as the armature for the electro-magnets.

B indicates a two-arm lever loosely mounted upon said bonnet at m2, the inner end, Z22, or arm of the lever being connected by means of a link, b, to the wrist-lever a, all as fully shown in Fig. 1. The outer portion, b, of said lever has one or more electro-magnets, C, secured thereto and depending therefrom. (See Sheet 2.)

d is a soft-iron bar, which, by means of the bolts, firmly unites the lever and its magnets.

at is a hole or recess, Figs. 4 to 6, formed in the lever B, the same being adapted to receive a locking plug or pin. The valve-lever D also has a piece of soft iron, d, secured thereto at its outer end, which serves as the armature for the said magnets C. The lever D is further provided with a short angular arm, a2, terminating in the recessed or cham- IOO bered hub, Fig. 6, Within which is mounted a pin or plug, n, having a stem, n, extending through the hub and provided with a handle or enlargement.

r is a pin secured to the plug, and r is an elongated and notched slot (see Fig. 7) formed in the hub to receive said pin. Vhen the pin 1" rests against the notched portion of the slot, as shown, then the plug is retained wholly within the lever D, but when the pin engages the inner end of the slot, the plug then enters the said hole at of the lever B,thereby locking both the said levers together and adapting them to vibrate in unison, the tension or pressure of the spring s2servingft0 retain the plug` in position, both locked and unlocked.

Referring again to the electro-magnets C, it is obvious that if a current of electricity of sufficient force be maintained through the magnet-coils, the armature cZ and the lever will then be adapted to vibrate simultaneously throughout the stroke and continuously; but if the electric current be interrupted or broken then the armature-lever will instantly drop by means of the vacuum pot or weight, and cut off the steam from that end of the cylinder, the plug n ofcourse being withdrawn into the recess of the hub of the arm n2, as represented in Fig. 6.

The ratio of leverage between the magnets and rod e may be such that a comparatively weak current of electricity will overcome the resistance of the vacuum pot or weight, the proportions shown in the drawings being about three to one-that is to say, an electric currentlifting twenty pounds at the armature will raise sixty pounds applied at the point e2.

The regulating mechanism may be described as follows:

k, as before stated, is a stud or journal mounted in the frame A, upon which is mounted in turn a pulley, g2, which, by means of gearing, as common, imparts rotary motion to the vert-ical rod and balls h2 of the regulator H. A belt, t', runs from a pulley, g2, of the main shaft to the pulley g3, causing the latter to revolve.

7c is a carrier or rock lever,also mounted on the stud k. Said carrier is operated by means of the eccentric c and its connection p, a rod or link, p, uniting the carrier and wrist-lever a, as common. The carrier la is provided with oppositely -located lateral arms Z2, Sheet 4, each having a stud or pin, upon which is mounted a rod, o, carrying at its upper end the metallic brush Z, the latter being suit-ably guided in brackets Z3.

H2 designates the removable sleeve of the regulator H, adapted, by means ofthe eXtensions h, to carry the two vertical and adj usiable rods h,which are guided in the bearings Z3 lsecured to the regulator-column t', all as fully shown. The rods h, as diavn, are made of insulated material, such as hard rubber, wood, Src.

h represents a strip of metal secured to each of said rods, and forming a contact or conducting surface for the electric current. It is plain that the action of the eccentric imparts a vibratory movement to the carrier-arm k', and a positive alternating up-and-down motion to the brushes Z, while the regulator in revolving imparts, by means of its ductuations an irregular up-and-down motion to the rods h.

E designates adynamo-machine of ordinary construction, adapted to be operated by means of a belt, t2, running from a pulley, t, secured to the driving-shaft s. The dynamo may be driven by other means, if desired. Leading from the dynamo E are the ordinary conductors or wires, 12 22, which connect. with the two said brushes Z. Also leading from the dynamo or other source for generating the electric current are the two conducting-wires ll 2, which connect, respectively, with the electro-magnets C C ofthe levers B ofthe back and front ends of the cylinder A. Conductingwires 1 and 2 in turn lead from the respective magnets to the sleeve H2, or other suitable part of the regulator, and connect permanently with the metallic or conducting surfaces h', all as fully shown in the various figures. In Figs. l and 8 said wires l 2 are secured to the sleeve H2 and travel therewith, the ends of the wires being in contact with the surfaces ZL. Figs. 10, l1, and l2, however, represent said wires as secured to the guides Z4 of the regulator-column, in which case the wires, being stationary, bear against the sliding rods at lz.

Now, it being assumed that the action of a cut-off engine having detachable valve-gear is understood, the operation of my improvements in connection therewith may be substantially described as follows: The stop-valve s2 is lirst opened to admit steam into the valvechests o. The locking-plug n of each valve- IOO rod D is neXt inserted within the holes n. of

the lever B, thereby, in starting, allowing the steam to follow full-stroke or half-stroke, according to the type of engine used, thus giving a positive movement to the steamvalves. After the engine has attained its speed, the plugs n are withdrawn and slightly rotated, which causes the pins r/ to rest in the notch of the slots r, Figs. 6, 7. Prior to withdrawing the plugs, however, the electric current generated by the dynamo-machine E, or other available source, is passing through the conductors of the system. Now, while the current of electricity passes through the circuit unbroken, bot-hthe levers B and D travel in unison by means of the attraction or force of the electro-magnets C C acting upon the armature (Zof the valve-stemlever D, as shown in Fig. 3, but if the electric current is broken or interrupted, then the magnetic attraction between said levers instantly ceases and allows the valve to immediately cut off the steam from that end of the cylinder, the closing of the port being effected, as hereinbefore stated, by means of the vacuum pot or weight connected with the lever D. (See Fig. 1, die.) The time or relative point of cut-off for the steam (being the instant of demagnetizing the levers B D) is controlled by means of thepartially-insulated rods 7i, connected to and moving with the regulator, and the brushes Z alternately moving up and down along the face of said rods. So long as the brushes bear upon the contact-surfacesltl ofthe rods h the electric circuits are correspondingly maintained unbroken, (see Fig. 10,) thereby causing the steam to be cut off by the action ofthe eccentric only, but as soon as one or both brushes touch the insulated portion of the rod the corresponding circuit, Figs. l, 8, and l1, or both, as the case may be, is broken, thereby causing` the steam to be automatically cut oli' at any point in the stroke. Vhen the regulatorsleeve H2 is near its lowestpoint, Fig. l0, neither brush will travel entirely oi'f the contact -surfaces h; consequently both electric circuits will be maintained; but as the sleeve is raised (due to the increased speed of the regulator, &c.,) the brushes alternately leave or fall short of the said contact-surfaces, thus alternately making and breaking the electric circuit, as in Fig. ll, Src.

My device also provides against injury or damage to the engine, when caused by an eX- cess of speed or racing, as then the regulatorballs would be fully extended, with the consequent `raising of the sleeve H2 and its rods h. the surfaces h thereof then being wholly above or beyond the reach of the brushes Z, as shown in Figs. l2 and 14. Vhile in this position both the steam-ports remain closed, owing to the absence of the electric current from the magnets C, which then render the levers B D incapable of being magnetically connected, as the brushes bear wholly against the insulated portion of the rods h. By means of the temporary non-opening ofthe valves the increased speed of the engine is soon reduced to its normal requirements. In case of the breakage oi' the regulatorbelt t the balls, together with the sleeve H?, &c., Will drop to their lowest position, the rods 7i and brushes Z then assuming the position shown in Fig. 13, wherein the brushes travel above the short yconductingsnrfaces h', thus causing a break in the current flowing through the electric circuit, and

preventing the lever B from hooking on or magnetically engaging with the armature-lever D to open the valve, the full and dotted lines representing the extreme movement of the brushes. By means of this arrangement the device fully serves as a safety-stop motion.7 Steam is released from the cylinder by means of suitably-operated exhatst-valve having positive movement, as usual in stationary engines. Should the electric current accidentally cease at any time during the travel of the levers B, then at the same instant will the levers D drop and close the steam-valves to stop the engine. v

It is obvious that the arrangement of the magnets O may be reversed, if desiredc., the armature d being then secured to the arm b3 of the lever B, while the magnets are se` cured to the valve-operating lever D.

My improvements are equally as well adapted to be used in other types of engines having detachable or adjustable valve-gear.

I am aware that the valves of an engine have been operated through the agency of electricity before my invention; therefore I do not claim, broadly, such combination; but

Vhat l do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States, is-

1. rlhe combination, in an engine or other analogous motor having mechanically-operated inlet and exhaust valves, oi' one or more vibrating loosely-mounted levers having one or more electro-magnets secured thereto, a generator and regulator for the electric cnrrent, with an armature-lever secured to the valve-stem, andan inlet-valve mounted thereon, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

2. In a detachable valve-gear engine, the combination,with inlet-valves, each having an arm secured thereto,and means for closing the valve, one or more electro-magnets secured to a loosely-mounted lever, and a wrist-lever adapted to impart a vibrator-y or reciprocating movement to said electro-magnet-carrying lever, oi' an electrically-conncctcd regulator, whereby the latter in its l'luctuations determines the point ot' cut-off or movement of the inlet-valve, substantially as hereinbefore set i'orth.

3. The inlet-valves of an engine, each secured to an armature-lever, electro-magnets mounted upon vibrating levers, substantially as shown, and generator for the electric cnrrent, in combination with the engine-regulator having partially insulated rods connected and moving therewith, electrically-connected brushes alternately moving on said rods, and an eccentric or other equivalent means for vibrating the brushes.

4,. In an engine having a regulator and detachable valve-gear, one or more electro-magnets secured to each ot' the loosely-mounted vibrating levers, which connect with the wristlever, an armature-lever connected with a weight or vacuum pot, and also carrying the inlet-valve. agenerator for the electric current, and conductors for electrically connecting said magnets, in combinationwith one or more mechanicallymoving commutator brushes, one or more partially-insulated rods connected with the regulator sleeve, and conductors which electrically connect said brushes and rods, substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

5. rllhe combination, in an electric circuit for controlling the action ot' the inlet-valves ot'an engine having detachable valve gear, of a dynamo-machine or other generator for producing an electric current, commutatorbrushcs having an invariable movement, a regulator having partially-insulated rods frictionally connected with said brushes, one or more electro-magnets secured to each looselymounted vibrating valve-lever, armature-levers adapted to magnetically connect with said IOO vibrating levers, a valve and vacuum-pot or I weight connected to and moving with each armature-lever, mechanism,.substantially as shown, for operating said moving parts, and conductors for electrically connecting said brushes, regulator, and magnets with each other and with the generator, the whole combined and arranged substantially as shown, and for the purpose herein set forth.

6. In a detachable or drop cut otf engine, the loosely-mounted lever B, connected with the wrist-lever a, electro-magnets C, secured to said lever B, an electric circuit embodying a generator and a regulator electrically connected, in combination with the arm D, secured to the valve-stem m, said arm being provided with a vacuum pot or weight and the soft-iron armature d,whereby the said lever B and arm D are magnetically connected, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. Ina drop cut-off engine, the combination, with the lever B, having electro-magnets C, secured thereto, of the inlet-valve connected with the lever D, the latter having a vacuumpot and armature d, secured thereto, substantially as shown and set forth.

8. In a drop cut-oft' engine, the inlet-valve lever having the armature, vacuum-pot, and valve secured thereto, and, further, having a locking-pin mounted in said lever, the combination therewith of the loosely-mounted electro-magnet-carrying lever having an opening or pocket therein adapted to receive said locking-pin, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

9. The loosely-mounted electro-magnet-carrying lever B, having an opening or pocket, at, therein, in combination with the inletvalve lever D, having the locking pin or plug n', mounted in the slotted and recessed arm n2 of said lever D, the plug havingapin, i", therein guided by means of the slotted arm, and a spring, s2, adapted to restrain the locking-pin from rearward movement, substantially as shown, and for the purpose set forth.

10. In a detachable valve-gear or automatic cut-off engine having its inlet-valves electromagnetically controlled, the combination, with the regulator having one or more partiallyinsulated and electrically-connected rods connected to and moving with the regulatorsleeve, of electrically connected brushes engaging the rods, said brushes connected with the eccentric or other suitably-moving parts of the engine having positive motion, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

Il. In a detachable valve-gear or automatic cut-oftl engine having its inlet-valves electromagnetically controlled, the regulator H, having rods h 71 adjustably connected with its sleeve H2, strips h', secured to said rods, and wires I 2, connected with the strips, in combination with the brushes Z, mechanism, substantially as shown, for alternately movingthe brushes, and wires l2 22, connected with said brushes, the whole arranged whereby an electric currentin passing through the said wires, rods, and brushes, and the magnets connected with the inlet-valve levers causes said valves to cut off the steam at a point in the stroke corresponding to the (then) position of the regulator.

l2. In a cut-off engine having inlet-valves electro-magnetically controlled by the action of the regulator, the combination, with rods having both conducting and non-conducting surfaces adjustably connected to and moving with the regulator-sleeve, and wires I 2, electrically connected with the rods, electro-magnets and generator, of suitably-guided brushes carrying wires 12 22, also electrically connected with the electro-magnets and generator, and means, substantially as shown, for reci procally moving the brushes, said rods and brushes being so adj usted and connected with each other that an unbroken, intermittently broken, and broken electric circuit is adapted to be maintained corresponding to the iiuctuations of the regulator, substantially as and for the purpose described.

8. In acut-offenginehaving its inlet-valves electro-magnetically controlled, the combination, with the non-conducting rods h, having electrically-connected conducting surfaces h secured thereto, and means, substantially as shown, for connecting said rods with the regulator, of suitably mounted and guided electrically-connected brushes Z, and means, substantially as shown, for imparting reciprocating motion tothe brushes, the whole combined and arranged whereby the conducting portions h of the rods are adapted to move wholly above and partially below the contact-surface of the brushes Z, and corresponding with the extreme up and down positions of the regulator-balls and sleeve, substantially asshown, and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.

In testimony whereof I have afiiXed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

RICHARD A. BAILEY.

Vv'itnesses:

Gno. H. REMINGTON, CHARLES HANNIGAN.

IOO

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