US3315647A - Marine steam generator having fluid cooled furnace - Google Patents

Marine steam generator having fluid cooled furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3315647A
US3315647A US467908A US46790865A US3315647A US 3315647 A US3315647 A US 3315647A US 467908 A US467908 A US 467908A US 46790865 A US46790865 A US 46790865A US 3315647 A US3315647 A US 3315647A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tubes
panels
furnace
furnace chamber
drum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US467908A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leonard E Triggs
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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Combustion Engineering Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Combustion Engineering Inc filed Critical Combustion Engineering Inc
Priority to US467908A priority Critical patent/US3315647A/en
Priority to NO162958A priority patent/NO117243B/no
Priority to GB23731/66A priority patent/GB1135590A/en
Priority to ES0327906A priority patent/ES327906A1/es
Priority to NL6608286A priority patent/NL6608286A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3315647A publication Critical patent/US3315647A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/02—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially-straight water tubes
    • F22B21/04—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially-straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely
    • F22B21/08—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially-straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely the water tubes being arranged sectionally in groups or in banks, e.g. bent over at their ends
    • F22B21/081—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially-straight water tubes involving a single upper drum and a single lower drum, e.g. the drums being arranged transversely the water tubes being arranged sectionally in groups or in banks, e.g. bent over at their ends involving a combustion chamber, placed at the side and built-up from water tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the construction and operation of marine-type vapor generating and superheating units. More particularly, the invention relates to a novel construction of a natural circulation marine vapor generator of the two-drum type wherein the furnace chamber is completely water cooled by tubes that additionally serve as the gas enclosure structure of the chamber. The invention further engenders a marine vapor generator and superheating unit wherein the furnace oor, superheater screen, and superheater roof are formed from a single circuit of vapor generating tubes arranged in welded panels.
  • vapor generators of the marine type it is common to employ vapor generating tubes for fluid cooling the walls and roof of the furnace chamber; however, the furnace floor in such units is normally lined with downcomer tubes connecting the liquid drum with the riser circuit, such as at the lower header of the front or side walls.
  • This practice requires the application of a layer of insulating material upon the floor tubes so as to prevent heat absorption therein which would be sufficient to effect the generation of vapor in these tubes and thereby impede the circulation of fluid within the system.
  • the insulation most commonly employed consists of a layer of thermal insulating material, such as magnesite, covering the tubes, and a layer of furnace refractory applied to the top of this layer.
  • insulation and refractory material within a furnace while being effective for the purpose intended, is undesirable since it adds materially to the cost of the unit in that, in addition to its initial cost, the effects of high temperature require frequent repair and replacement throughout the life of the unit. This repeated need for maintenance gives rise to undesirable shutdown of the unit which could be dangerous to a vessel at sea, as well as increasing the operating costs of the unit due to the labor and material costs required in replacing the spent materials.
  • the present invention provides a vapor generating unit wherein the presence of thermal insulation and refractory material is eliminated from the furnace chamber due to the fact that, in the instant unit, the floor of the furnace chamber as well as the walls and roof thereof are completely fluid cooled. This is accomplished by lining the oor and walls of the chamber with tubes in which vapor is generated whereby the velocity of the fluid flowing through the tubes is sufficiently great such that the flowing fluid absorbs the heat generated in the furnace thereby preventing burnout of the tubes.
  • the invention also provides for the construction of the walls that define the furnace enclosure in the instant unit of preformed, welded tubular panels.
  • the wall-lining tubes are effective to serve as part of thegas-enclosing structure in the area of the furnace chamber thereby eliminating the need for heavy skin casing around the chamber and concomitantly reducing the cost of fabrication of the unit.
  • the walls of the furnace chamber are formed by a plurality of panels each comprising a number of spaced, parallel tubes with the spaces therebetween being lled with a gas-tight metallic membrane.
  • the floor of the chamber is formed by a uid circuit that comprises similar tubular panels extending between the lower front wall header at one end and the vapor and liquid drum at the other end.
  • the fluid circuit panels are so constructed as to additionally permit the tubes thereof to define a screen protecting the superheater tubes against slag and the radiant effects of the llame generated in the furnace chamber. These panels also form a cover overlying the superheater chamber thereby protecting the furnace roof in this area against the high temperatures existing in the superheater chamber.
  • the invention engenders the arrangement of the panels that define the side walls of the unit such that some comprise extended tubes that are offset and overlie the top of the furnace chamber thus forming the roof thereof.
  • the roof By forming the roof in this manner, there is provided a convenient means for adequately distributing the liquid supply to all of the furnace-lining tubes such that none of the tubes receive an inadequate supply of liquid that would render the tubes subject to excessive thermal stresses.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a marine-type vapor generating and superheating unit wherein the need for the application of thermal insulating and furnace refractory material to the oor of the furnace chamber is eliminated.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a marine-type vapor generating and superheating unit wherein the furnace floor, superheater screen, and superheater roof are formed of a single tubular circuit comprising a plurality of parallelly arranged vapor generating tubes.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a marine-type vapor generating and superheating unit wherein the furnace chamber is formed by welded tubular panels that serve as part of the gas-enclosing structure of the unit.
  • FIGURE 1 is a side elevation of a marine-type steam generating and superheating unit embodying the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a section taken along line 2 2 of FIG- URE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a plan view taken along line 3-3 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 4 is a section taken along line 4 4 of FIG- URE 1;
  • FIGURE 5 is a section taken along line 5-5 of FIG- URE 1;
  • FIGURE 6 is a detailed view of a typical corner indicated as area 6 of FIGURE 1.
  • a marime-type vapor generating unit 10 comprising a furnace section 12, a boiler bank section 14, and a superheating section 16.
  • the furnace section 12 comprises a pair of spaced side Walls 18, a front wall 20 and a roof 22 formed of closely spaced fluid-bearing tubular members arranged to form a chamber into which a plurality of fuel burners 24, mounted in the roof 22, is adapted to fire.
  • the boiler bank section 14 is located in rearward alignment with the furnace section 12 and comprises an upper vapor and liquid drum 26, a lower liquid drum 28 and a plurality of substantially upright vapor generating tubes 30 connecting the two.
  • the superheater section 16 occupies a position intermediate the furnace section 12 and the boiler :bank section 14.
  • a vertical superheater 32 formed of a plurality of vertically oriented, laterally aligned, inverted U-shaped tubes 34 arranged in a bundle that extends across substantially the full Width of the unit and connected at their terminal ends by elongated headers 36 which are arranged to connect the superheater tubes in parallel.
  • the furnace, superheater and boiler bank sections 12, 14 and 16 are arranged for the straight through flow of combustion gases which exit the unit through a rear gas pass 17 that is adapted to house a vaporizable liquid preheater or economizer 15.
  • the disclosed vapor generator embodies a generally box-like construction so as to permit unimpeded cubical expansion during operation.
  • the base of the unit includes horizontally disposed liquid drum 28 extending transversely of the sides of the vapor generator structure.
  • a lower front Wall header 40 In spaced parallel relation thereto is a lower front Wall header 40.
  • Lower side wall headers 38 extend between and uidly connect header 40 with the liquid drum 28.
  • header 40 is located at a lower elevation than the liquid drum 28 such that lower side wall headers 38 are inclinedat a slight angle with respect to the horizontal.
  • the periphery of the upper portion of the unit is dened by the vapor and liquid drum 26 parallelly arranged with respect to the liquid drum 28, upper side wall headers 42 and upper -front wall header 44.
  • the upperside wall headers 42 and front wall header are constructed of a continuous U-shaped header as shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the vapor and liquid drum 26 4 is supported in an elevated position above liquid drum 28 by external downcomer conduits 46 that extend between the two drums to supply the drum 28 with operating liquid and the tubes 3 0 which form the boiler bank.
  • the forward ends of upper side wall headers 42 and the front wall header 44 are vertically supported by upright vertical buckstays 48 which extend between and connect with the headers 42, 44 and lower front wall header 40.
  • the headers 42 are downwardly inclined parallel with lower side wall headers 38 -with their rear ends terminating short of the vapor drum 26.
  • Vapor relief conduits 58 unite the vapor drum 26 and the headers 42 and 44 in lluid circulation.
  • This arrangement presents a framing construction for the steam generator that is structurally sturdy and that will permit the pressure parts of the unit to thermally expand in an unimpeded manner.
  • Augmenting the support of the structure are diagonal external downcomer conduits 52 which connect the water space in vapor and liquid drum 26 with lower front wall header 4t) and also serve as diagonal bracing members tying the lower front wall header 40 to the drum 26.
  • the radiantly heated walls, 18 and 2t), and roof 22 of the furnace section 12 are formed lby substantially vertically oriented parallel vapor generating tubes.
  • Those tubes emanating from lower front wall header 40 are substantially straight tubes that connect directly to upper front wall header 44 while those which emanate from the lower side wall headers 38 do so in a manner which etfects formation of the roof 22 of the furnace section 12 as well as the side walls 18 thereof as described in greater detail hereinafter.
  • the outer end rows 30 of the boiler bank tubes 30 contain tubes that are nned and covered by skin casing 31, while those tubes 30 that form the rear row of the boiler bank 14 are spaced to permit the ow of combustion gas to the gas pass 17.
  • the walls 18 and 20 that enclose the furnace chamber 12 and superheater chamber 16 are arranged as preformed, welded tubulous panels.
  • Each panel comprises a row of parallel vapor generating tubes 19 that are fusion welded in sideby-side relation thereby presenting a gas-tight, metallic filler 21 between adjacent tubes as shown best in FIG- URE 6.
  • the endmost tubes 19 in each panel are provided with an elongated fin 23 that permits welding, indcated as 25, of adjacent panels upon their erection.
  • the panels 28a, 2Gb, 28e and 29d that form the front wall 20 comprise substantially straight tubes that extend between the lower and upper front wall headers 40 and 44, being slightly offset at their ends for attachment to the headers.
  • the side walls 18 and roof 22 are formed of alternating L-shaped and straight tubulous panels 18a, 181), 18C and 18d, that are arranged to close the furnace 12 and superheater chamber 16.
  • the panels 18a and 18C comprise L-shaped tubes 19 that extend from the lower side wall header 38 of one wall to the top of the furnace chamber 12 where they are laterally offset, as shown in FIGURE 5, and extend across the top of the furnace to the upper header 42 on the opposite wall thereby serving to form the roof 22.
  • the panels 18b and 18d comprise substantially straight tubes that extend between headers 38 and 42 in the same wall.
  • the panels are erected with each side Wall 18 being formed by alternating L-shaped and straight panels 18a, 18b, 18C and 18d.
  • the Lashaped panels 18a and 18C that form one wall are opposed by straight panels 18b and 18d in the opposite wall, thus the roof 22 is formed by the tubes of four panels, 18a and 18e of one side wall and 18a and 18C of the other side wall.
  • some of the tubes, indicated as 27, are vertically and laterally offset, as shown in FIGURE 4, to provide space 29 within which the burners 24 can be mounted for directing the products of combustion that issue therefrom onto the furnace chamber 12.
  • a generally Z-shaped fluid circuit 54 formed of panels 54a, 54h, 54e and 54d including fusion welded vapor generating tubes 56 which connect at one end to lower front wall header 40 and at the other end to the vapor and liquid drum 26.
  • the tubular panels 54a, 54b, 54C and 54d are welded in side-by-side relation across the width of the furnace section 12 with the lower leg 58 forming the floor of the furnace, the upper leg 60 forming a roof over the superheater 32 and the generally upstanding connection portion ⁇ 62 forming ⁇ a superheater screen.
  • fusion welding is applied to the tubes only along that portion that forms the lower leg 58 portion of the panels. Adjacent the end of the weld the tubes 56 are offset substantially normally out of the plane of the oor thereby forming the upstanding or screen portion 62 of the circuit. Alternate tubes in this portion .are both longitudinally and laterally oifset from the plane of the circuit so as to provide spaces 63 through which gases from the furnace are permitted to pass to the superheater section 16 and boiler bank section 14. The tubes 56 are generally normally offset again to overlie the top of the superheater 32 and are returned to substantially coplanar relation and connect with the vapor and liquid drum 26.
  • the operation of the disclosed steam generating and superheating unit is as follows:
  • feedwater is admitted to the vapor drum 26 where it mixes with the downcomer fluid or water separated from kthe vapor deposited in the drum.
  • This mixture flows downwardly to the liquid drum 28 through the external downcomer conduits 46 and through downcomer tubes located within the boiler bank section 14.
  • a portion of the liquid mixture in drum 26 flows from the drum to the lower front wall header 40 through the diagonal downcomer conduits 52.
  • From the liquid drum 28 the mixture flows into the lower side wall headers 38 Which supply the tubes forming the side walls 18 and root ⁇ 22 as well as the front wall header 49.
  • Lower front -wall header 40 supplies the tubes forming the front Wall 20 and those forming the fluid circuit 54 with fluid.
  • Heat transfer occurs within the vapor generating tubes and thereby fluid circulation is established from the water drum 28 and front Wall header 40 to the vapor drum 26. Due to the thermal siphonic action existing within the tubes fluid is caused to flow upwardly through the side walls 18, front wall 20 and the fluid circuit 54, the tendency to flow being enhanced by the upward inclination of the unit from front to rear. Fluid flow through these tubes serves to cool the furnace chamber 12.
  • the lluid flowing through the tubes 56 yforming the fluid circuit 54 provides the superheater 32 with both a screen to protect the tubes thereof from the radiant effects of the furnace and a roof or cover to protect the roof lining elements against overheating.
  • a marine-type steam generating and superheating -unit having a completely liuid-cooled furnace section that requires no insulation and refractory material in this section.
  • the roof along with the walls of the furnace section can be formed of welded, gas-tight panels that eliminate the n-eed for separate skin casing thereby further reducing the overall cost of the unit.
  • Marine-type boilers constructed in accordance with the present invention are simple in design yet eliicient in operation and, because of the fact that the furnace section is completely lluid cooled the units are substantially less expensive to construct and to operate.
  • a vapor generating and superheating unit comprising tubular walls dening a gas enclosure including a furnace chamber7 a superheating chamber and a boiler bank; said boiler bank including a horizontally extending upper drum, a lower drum underlying said upper drum in parallel relation therewith and a bank of upwardly extending tubes connecting said drums; said furnace chamber including rectangularly disposed front and side walls; upper and lower header means delining the terminal ends of said walls; said walls comprising a plurality of panels each including a number of heat exchange tubes extending between said upper and lower header means, said tubes being disposed in spaced, parallel relation and having the spaces therebetween lilled by a gas-tight metallic membrane, said front wall panels comprising substantially straight tubes and said side wall panels including some panels having their upper ends laterally olfset to overlie the top of said furnace chamber and connecting ⁇ with the upper header means of the opposite side wall thereby forming the roof of said furnace chamber; burner means operatively associated with said furnace chamber; superheater means disposed in said
  • a Vapor generating and superheating unit comprising tubular ⁇ walls delining a gas enclosure including a furnace chamber, a superheating chamber and a boiler bank; said boiler bank including a horizontally extending upper drum, a lower drum underlying said upper drum in parallel relation therewith and a bank of upwardly extending tubes connecting said drums; said furnace chamber including rectangularly disposed front and side walls, rectangularly disposed upper and lower headers defining the terminal ends of said front and side walls; said walls comprising a plurality of panels each including a number of heat exchange tubes extending between said headers, said tubes being disposed in spaced, parallel relation and having the spaces therebetween filled by a welded, gas-tight, metallic membrane; said front wall panels comprising substantially straight tubes extending between upper and lower front wall headers; said side wall panels including alternate panels having their upper ends laterally offset to overlie the top of said furnace chamber ⁇ and connecting with the upper header of the opposite side wall thereby forming the roof of said furnace chamber; side wall panels intermediate said alternate panels being substantially straight
  • a vapor generator including a boiler bank operatively associated with a furnace chamber; said furnace chamber comprising rectangularly disposed tubular front and side ⁇ walls and a tubular roof; upper and lower header means connected in the uid system of said vapor generator defining the terminal ends of said walls; each of said walls comprising a plurality of preformed, tubular panels bonded together in side-by-side relation; said panels each comprising a plurality of tubes bonded in parallel relation with the ends thereof adapted to connect between said upper and lower header means; said side walls including rst, substantially vertically straight panels having the tubes therein extending between and connecting substantially vertically aligned upper and lower header means, and second, angularly offset panels having the tubes therein containing a laterally offset portion overlying the top of said furnace chamber to form the roof thereof with the ends of said tubes extending between and connecting diagonally opposed upper and lower header means.
  • said panels each comprise a plurality of tubes disposed in spaced, parallel relation; and the spaces formed between said tubes being filled by a metallic membrane bonded between said tubes.
  • a vapor generator organization including, in cornbination, a boiler bank and a furnace chamber having rectangularly disposed tubular front and side walls and a tubular roof in open gaseous communication with said boiler bank; said boiler bank comprising a horizontally elongated upper drum, a lower drum disposed parallel Q Q with, and spacedly below, said upper drum, and a bank of generally upstanding tubes extending between and connecting said drums; said furnace chamber comprising an upper front wall header spaced forwardly of and parallel with said upper drum, opposed upper side wall headers extending between and ⁇ connecting the ends of said upper front wall header with said upper drum, a lower front wall header spaced forwardly of said lower drum, and in substantial alignment with said upper front wall header, opposed lower side wall headers extending between and connecting the ends of said lower front wall header with said lower drum; each of said walls -comprising a plurality of preformed, tubular panels bonded in side-by-side relation, said panels each comprising a plurality of tubes bonded together in parallel relation with the ends

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Induction Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
US467908A 1965-06-29 1965-06-29 Marine steam generator having fluid cooled furnace Expired - Lifetime US3315647A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US467908A US3315647A (en) 1965-06-29 1965-06-29 Marine steam generator having fluid cooled furnace
NO162958A NO117243B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-06-29 1966-05-10
GB23731/66A GB1135590A (en) 1965-06-29 1966-05-26 A water tube vapour generator
ES0327906A ES327906A1 (es) 1965-06-29 1966-06-14 Un generador de vapor.
NL6608286A NL6608286A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-06-29 1966-06-15

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US467908A US3315647A (en) 1965-06-29 1965-06-29 Marine steam generator having fluid cooled furnace

Publications (1)

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US3315647A true US3315647A (en) 1967-04-25

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US467908A Expired - Lifetime US3315647A (en) 1965-06-29 1965-06-29 Marine steam generator having fluid cooled furnace

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US (1) US3315647A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES327906A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1135590A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6608286A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO117243B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3396707A (en) * 1965-08-27 1968-08-13 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Gas passes
US3559624A (en) * 1968-04-26 1971-02-02 Riley Stoker Corp Steam generating unit
US20040045550A1 (en) * 2002-01-01 2004-03-11 Bernd Lang Breathing mask arrangement and a forehead support device for same

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1619447A (en) * 1922-06-28 1927-03-01 Schmidt Sche Heissdampf Steam boiler
US1815086A (en) * 1926-10-09 1931-07-21 Albert C Wood Steam generator
GB474087A (en) * 1936-05-12 1937-10-26 Bauer Gustav Improvements in and relating to marine water tube steam boilers
US2112202A (en) * 1935-10-03 1938-03-22 Babcock & Wilcox Co Steam boiler
FR846340A (fr) * 1938-05-18 1939-09-14 Forges Chantiers Mediterranee Perfectionnement aux chaudières
GB794046A (en) * 1955-07-26 1958-04-30 Bouellat Engineering Ltd Improvements in steam generators and hot water boilers
US3030938A (en) * 1957-06-19 1962-04-24 Vorkauf Heinrich Hot water boiler for a heating system
US3229671A (en) * 1965-04-08 1966-01-18 Leonard E Triggs Marine steam generator having fluid cooled furnace

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1619447A (en) * 1922-06-28 1927-03-01 Schmidt Sche Heissdampf Steam boiler
US1815086A (en) * 1926-10-09 1931-07-21 Albert C Wood Steam generator
US2112202A (en) * 1935-10-03 1938-03-22 Babcock & Wilcox Co Steam boiler
GB474087A (en) * 1936-05-12 1937-10-26 Bauer Gustav Improvements in and relating to marine water tube steam boilers
FR846340A (fr) * 1938-05-18 1939-09-14 Forges Chantiers Mediterranee Perfectionnement aux chaudières
GB794046A (en) * 1955-07-26 1958-04-30 Bouellat Engineering Ltd Improvements in steam generators and hot water boilers
US3030938A (en) * 1957-06-19 1962-04-24 Vorkauf Heinrich Hot water boiler for a heating system
US3229671A (en) * 1965-04-08 1966-01-18 Leonard E Triggs Marine steam generator having fluid cooled furnace

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3396707A (en) * 1965-08-27 1968-08-13 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Gas passes
US3559624A (en) * 1968-04-26 1971-02-02 Riley Stoker Corp Steam generating unit
US20040045550A1 (en) * 2002-01-01 2004-03-11 Bernd Lang Breathing mask arrangement and a forehead support device for same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES327906A1 (es) 1967-08-01
NO117243B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-07-21
GB1135590A (en) 1968-12-04
NL6608286A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1966-12-30

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