US3309631A - High frequency tube coaxial transmission line - Google Patents

High frequency tube coaxial transmission line Download PDF

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Publication number
US3309631A
US3309631A US203374A US20337462A US3309631A US 3309631 A US3309631 A US 3309631A US 203374 A US203374 A US 203374A US 20337462 A US20337462 A US 20337462A US 3309631 A US3309631 A US 3309631A
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United States
Prior art keywords
high frequency
output
transmission line
cavity
coaxial transmission
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Expired - Lifetime
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US203374A
Inventor
Joseph K Mann
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Varian Medical Systems Inc
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Varian Associates Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US859964A external-priority patent/US3058026A/en
Priority to FR845295A priority Critical patent/FR1275258A/en
Priority to GB41606/60A priority patent/GB969488A/en
Priority to GB13950/63A priority patent/GB969489A/en
Priority to GB13951/63A priority patent/GB969490A/en
Priority to DEV20961A priority patent/DE1281042B/en
Priority to CH1407260A priority patent/CH391901A/en
Application filed by Varian Associates Inc filed Critical Varian Associates Inc
Priority to US203374A priority patent/US3309631A/en
Priority to US597085A priority patent/US3394283A/en
Publication of US3309631A publication Critical patent/US3309631A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/08—Dielectric windows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/18—Resonators
    • H01J23/20—Cavity resonators; Adjustment or tuning thereof
    • H01J23/207—Tuning of single resonator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
    • H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
    • H01J23/46—Loop coupling devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to high frequency tube apparatus, and, more specifically, to a novel high frequency, high power velocity modulation tube which is extremely useful for providing a continuous wave output high average powers and which is easily tunable over a wide frequency range.
  • Such tubes are especially useful as output tubes in tropospheric forward scatter communication link, and for transmitting tubes covering the UHF-TV band.
  • the present invention provides a compact, rugged permanent magnet, air cooled, high power, multicavity klys tron amplifier capable of delivering average output powers in the order of one or more lrw. and at the same time have the greatly enhanced tuning range of approximately 40 percent and a gain of 50 db.
  • the wide tuning range is obtained by the use of an improved tuning apparatus first disclosed in the co-pending application, Ser. No. 749,225, now US. Patent No. 2,994,009, invented by Robert C. Schmidt et al. and wherein both the inductive and the capacitive parameters are varied in a desired manner to tune the cavity.
  • a feature of the present invention is the provision of a novel coaxial output Window and coupling means providing both the vacuum seal and a frequency sensitive impedance transformer for obtaining optimum coupling over a wide band of frequencies.
  • PEG. 1 is a partly cut away side elevational view of a novel high power klystron amplifier of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged detailed view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 1 delineated by line 2-2.
  • FIG. 1 the external, partially cut away configuration of the novel tube apparatus of the present invention. More specifically, a segmented tubular cathode assembly 11 provides a source of electrons which are formed into a pencil-like beam and projected longitudinally of the tube apparatus.
  • a plurality of substantially rectangular cavity resonators, including an input cavity 12, second and third cavi.les l3 and i4, and an output cavity are centrally apertured to allow the passage of the pencil-like beam of electrons therethrough.
  • the individual cavity resonators 1245 are tunable over a wide range via a plurality of novel tuner assemblies 16 which will be more fully described below.
  • the beam after passing through the output cavity resonator i5, is collected in a collector assembly 17.
  • the thermal energy generated by the impinging electrons within the collector assembly 17 is carried away by an air stream circulated about the collector assembly 17.
  • RF. signal energy which it is desired to amplify, is fed to the input cavity 12 by a vacuum sealed coaxial connector 13.
  • the signal energy velocity modulates the beam as it passes through the input cavity 1.2.
  • Velocity modulation of the beam is transformed into current density modulation in drift spaces between the input cavity 12 and the first buncher cavity 13.
  • the buncher cavities 13 and 14 further velocity modulate the beam to produce greater current density modulation of the beam at the output cavity 15.
  • the output cavity extracts RF. energy from the current density modulated beam.
  • the output R.F. energy is coupled outwardly of the output resonator 15 via a vacuum sealed RF. coaxial line 19 described in detail below and is fed to a suitable load, not shown, such as, for example, an antenna.
  • a permanent magnet comprising two shell-shaped magnet sections 21 bolted together by bolts 21a and clamped onto a pole piece at each end of the tube apparatus, containing the cavity resonators, surrounds the central part of the tube apparatus on two sides and provides a strong axial'magnetic field longitudinally of the tube for confining the pencil-like beam of electrons.
  • Each of the magnet sections 21 is provided with a handle 21b for lifting the tube assembly with the magnet attached thereto.
  • An output coupling loop is formed by a strap 52 as of copper vacuum sealing the end of the hollow center conductor 53 of the output coaxial line 19 and connecting this center conductor 53 to the outer conductor 5 3-.
  • a strap 52 as of copper vacuum sealing the end of the hollow center conductor 53 of the output coaxial line 19 and connecting this center conductor 53 to the outer conductor 5 3-.
  • the outer surface of the outer conductor 54 is provided with a shoulder which engages a cooperating shoulder on a hollow cylindrical member 55 as of copper which surrounds the outer conductor and is vacuum sealed within an output port St: in the output cavity 15.
  • the external ends of the outer conductor 54 and the cylindrical member 55 are vacuum sealed together as by brazing.
  • An annular wave permeable Window member 57' of ceramic as, for example, alumina is coaxially disposed with respect to the inner and outer conductors 53 and 5d and vacuum sealing the space therebetween as by brazing.
  • the thickness and position of the window 57 are selected to present a predetermined discontinuity in the transmission line and the desired discontinuity can easily be achieved by the use of alumina ceramic which has low loss and a higher dielectric constant on the order of 9 as compared with a dielectric constant of about 3 to 6 for glass previously used for wave permeable windows.
  • the ceramic window 57 serves to form the vacuum seal for the RF. output as well as a frequency sensitive impedance transformer which transforms the load impedance to the optimum impedance for the tube at all frequencies of operation.
  • This novel window requires no adjustment over the range of the tube, as frequently required in the past, or the necessity for a matched window as previously used in combination with a loading member.
  • a hollow cylindrical output coupling flange 59 for bolting the coaxial line 19 to a standard 1%" coaxial line 553 by means of a bullet type adaptor assembly 5% surrounds the cylindrical member 55 and is fixedly secured thereto by Cap screws on a split ring member which fits within an annular recess in the outside surface of the cylindrical member 55.
  • An outer conductor extension 62 slidably fits within the external end of the outer conductor 54, seats against a shoulder on the inside surface of the outer conductor 55 and bears against the outer conductor of the coaxial line 59. In this manner nothing bears against the vacuum sealed joint between the outer conductor 54 and the cylindrical member 55 so that the force of shocking blows is not directed against this seal.
  • the collector assembly 17 serves to collect the electron beam after it passes through the output cavity 15.
  • a collector pole piece 63 as of steel is secured to the end wall of the output cavity 15 in a vacuum tight manner by means of annular flanges 63a secured together by means of a heliarc Weld.
  • a hollow cylindrical collector 64 as of steel is secured at one end thereof to the pole piece 63 and near the other end to a circular plug member 65 as of copper provided with a circular groove on either side thereof, these grooves being radially spaced from one another to allow for differential expansion between the collector 64 and the plug member 65.
  • a circular plate 66 as of steel covers the end of the collector 64.
  • the steel collector minimizes the magnetic field Within the collector to prevent focusing of secondary electrons back into the resonator section of the tube apparatus.
  • a plurality of radially extending fins 64a fixedly secured to the collector 64 substantially over the length thereof provide means for dissipating the collector heat by means of an air stream.
  • a high frequency coaxial transmission line apparatus for coupling wave energy between resonant cavity means of a high frequency electron discharge device and load means comprising; coaxially disposed inner and outer conductors; a strap member connecting said inner and outer conductors and vacuum sealing the end of said inner conductor, thereby forming an inductive coupling loop, and an annular ceramic Wave permeable window member coaxially disposed with respect to said inner and outer conductors and forming an electromagnetic wave permeable vacuum seal between said inner and outer conductors, said window member having a net predetermined lumped capacitance value in the transmission line and spaced from said strap member such that the combination forms an impedance transformer over a range of frequencies for transforming the load means impedance to the optimum impedance for the device over a range of frequencies.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Waveguides (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Description

March 14, 1967 J. K. MANN 3,309,631
HIGH FREQUENCY TUBE COAXIAL TRANSMISSION LINE Original Filed Dec. 16, 1959 U3 INVENTOR Joseph K. Mann Lg A Homey Flee 9, Ser. No. 859,964, new t Oct. 9, i962. Divided this June 18, 1962, Ser. No. 293,374
1 Clain {'Cl. 33333) This application is a divisional application f co-p United otates patent application, Scr. No. 859,954, fied Dec. 16, 1959, for improvements in high frequency tube apparatus, now US. Patent No. 3,958, Q6 issued Oct. 9, 1962.
The present invention relates in general to high frequency tube apparatus, and, more specifically, to a novel high frequency, high power velocity modulation tube which is extremely useful for providing a continuous wave output high average powers and which is easily tunable over a wide frequency range. Such tubes are especially useful as output tubes in tropospheric forward scatter communication link, and for transmitting tubes covering the UHF-TV band.
Heretofore multicavity li ystron amplifiers have been built which would provide relatively high output powers on the order of one kw. average at S frequency hand. These tubes suffered from short life and complexity.
The present invention provides a compact, rugged permanent magnet, air cooled, high power, multicavity klys tron amplifier capable of delivering average output powers in the order of one or more lrw. and at the same time have the greatly enhanced tuning range of approximately 40 percent and a gain of 50 db. The wide tuning range is obtained by the use of an improved tuning apparatus first disclosed in the co-pending application, Ser. No. 749,225, now US. Patent No. 2,994,009, invented by Robert C. Schmidt et al. and wherein both the inductive and the capacitive parameters are varied in a desired manner to tune the cavity.
A feature of the present invention is the provision of a novel coaxial output Window and coupling means providing both the vacuum seal and a frequency sensitive impedance transformer for obtaining optimum coupling over a wide band of frequencies.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon a perusal of the following specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein,
PEG. 1 is a partly cut away side elevational view of a novel high power klystron amplifier of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is an enlarged detailed view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 1 delineated by line 2-2.
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown in FIG. 1 the external, partially cut away configuration of the novel tube apparatus of the present invention. More specifically, a segmented tubular cathode assembly 11 provides a source of electrons which are formed into a pencil-like beam and projected longitudinally of the tube apparatus. A plurality of substantially rectangular cavity resonators, including an input cavity 12, second and third cavi.les l3 and i4, and an output cavity are centrally apertured to allow the passage of the pencil-like beam of electrons therethrough.
The individual cavity resonators 1245 are tunable over a wide range via a plurality of novel tuner assemblies 16 which will be more fully described below. The beam, after passing through the output cavity resonator i5, is collected in a collector assembly 17. The thermal energy generated by the impinging electrons within the collector assembly 17 is carried away by an air stream circulated about the collector assembly 17.
RF. signal energy, which it is desired to amplify, is fed to the input cavity 12 by a vacuum sealed coaxial connector 13. The signal energy velocity modulates the beam as it passes through the input cavity 1.2. Velocity modulation of the beam is transformed into current density modulation in drift spaces between the input cavity 12 and the first buncher cavity 13. The buncher cavities 13 and 14 further velocity modulate the beam to produce greater current density modulation of the beam at the output cavity 15. The output cavity extracts RF. energy from the current density modulated beam.
The output R.F. energy is coupled outwardly of the output resonator 15 via a vacuum sealed RF. coaxial line 19 described in detail below and is fed to a suitable load, not shown, such as, for example, an antenna. A permanent magnet comprising two shell-shaped magnet sections 21 bolted together by bolts 21a and clamped onto a pole piece at each end of the tube apparatus, containing the cavity resonators, surrounds the central part of the tube apparatus on two sides and provides a strong axial'magnetic field longitudinally of the tube for confining the pencil-like beam of electrons. Each of the magnet sections 21 is provided with a handle 21b for lifting the tube assembly with the magnet attached thereto.
An output coupling loop is formed by a strap 52 as of copper vacuum sealing the end of the hollow center conductor 53 of the output coaxial line 19 and connecting this center conductor 53 to the outer conductor 5 3-. Near its external end the outer surface of the outer conductor 54 is provided with a shoulder which engages a cooperating shoulder on a hollow cylindrical member 55 as of copper which surrounds the outer conductor and is vacuum sealed within an output port St: in the output cavity 15. The external ends of the outer conductor 54 and the cylindrical member 55 are vacuum sealed together as by brazing.
An annular wave permeable Window member 57' of ceramic as, for example, alumina is coaxially disposed with respect to the inner and outer conductors 53 and 5d and vacuum sealing the space therebetween as by brazing. The thickness and position of the window 57 are selected to present a predetermined discontinuity in the transmission line and the desired discontinuity can easily be achieved by the use of alumina ceramic which has low loss and a higher dielectric constant on the order of 9 as compared with a dielectric constant of about 3 to 6 for glass previously used for wave permeable windows.
Thus, the ceramic window 57 serves to form the vacuum seal for the RF. output as well as a frequency sensitive impedance transformer which transforms the load impedance to the optimum impedance for the tube at all frequencies of operation.
This novel window requires no adjustment over the range of the tube, as frequently required in the past, or the necessity for a matched window as previously used in combination with a loading member.
A hollow cylindrical output coupling flange 59 for bolting the coaxial line 19 to a standard 1%" coaxial line 553 by means of a bullet type adaptor assembly 5% surrounds the cylindrical member 55 and is fixedly secured thereto by Cap screws on a split ring member which fits within an annular recess in the outside surface of the cylindrical member 55. An outer conductor extension 62 slidably fits within the external end of the outer conductor 54, seats against a shoulder on the inside surface of the outer conductor 55 and bears against the outer conductor of the coaxial line 59. In this manner nothing bears against the vacuum sealed joint between the outer conductor 54 and the cylindrical member 55 so that the force of shocking blows is not directed against this seal.
The collector assembly 17 serves to collect the electron beam after it passes through the output cavity 15. In the collector assembly 17, a collector pole piece 63 as of steel is secured to the end wall of the output cavity 15 in a vacuum tight manner by means of annular flanges 63a secured together by means of a heliarc Weld. A hollow cylindrical collector 64 as of steel is secured at one end thereof to the pole piece 63 and near the other end to a circular plug member 65 as of copper provided with a circular groove on either side thereof, these grooves being radially spaced from one another to allow for differential expansion between the collector 64 and the plug member 65. A circular plate 66 as of steel covers the end of the collector 64. The steel collector minimizes the magnetic field Within the collector to prevent focusing of secondary electrons back into the resonator section of the tube apparatus. A plurality of radially extending fins 64a fixedly secured to the collector 64 substantially over the length thereof provide means for dissipating the collector heat by means of an air stream.
Since many changes can be made in the above construction and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be made Without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
What is claimed is:
A high frequency coaxial transmission line apparatus for coupling wave energy between resonant cavity means of a high frequency electron discharge device and load means comprising; coaxially disposed inner and outer conductors; a strap member connecting said inner and outer conductors and vacuum sealing the end of said inner conductor, thereby forming an inductive coupling loop, and an annular ceramic Wave permeable window member coaxially disposed with respect to said inner and outer conductors and forming an electromagnetic wave permeable vacuum seal between said inner and outer conductors, said window member having a net predetermined lumped capacitance value in the transmission line and spaced from said strap member such that the combination forms an impedance transformer over a range of frequencies for transforming the load means impedance to the optimum impedance for the device over a range of frequencies.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,474,137 6/1949 Young 333-33 2,530,171 11/1950 Okress 333-33 2,871,397 1/1959 Priest et a1. 3155.46 2,875,369 2/1959 Chambers 3155.46 2,938,182 5/1960 Dench 33333 2,994,009 7/1961 Schmidt et al 3155.48 3,030,594 4/1962 Stitch et al 33383 3,032,726 5/1962 Fink 333-98 3,036,281 5/1962 Hilliard 333-83 3,039,068 6/1962 Greco 33398 ELI LIEBERMAN, Primary Examiner.
GEORGE WESTBY, HERMAN KARL SAALBACH,
Examiners.
S. CHATMON, C. O. GARDNER, Assistant Examiners.
US203374A 1959-12-16 1962-06-18 High frequency tube coaxial transmission line Expired - Lifetime US3309631A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR845295A FR1275258A (en) 1959-12-16 1960-11-29 High frequency tube
GB13950/63A GB969489A (en) 1959-12-16 1960-12-02 High frequency tube apparatus
GB13951/63A GB969490A (en) 1959-12-16 1960-12-02 High frequency tube apparatus
GB41606/60A GB969488A (en) 1959-12-16 1960-12-02 High frequency tube apparatus
DEV20961A DE1281042B (en) 1959-12-16 1960-12-15 Decoupling device for the output cavity resonator of a transit time tube with speed modulation
CH1407260A CH391901A (en) 1959-12-16 1960-12-16 Klystron
US203374A US3309631A (en) 1959-12-16 1962-06-18 High frequency tube coaxial transmission line
US597085A US3394283A (en) 1959-12-16 1966-11-25 High frequency electron discharge device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US859964A US3058026A (en) 1959-12-16 1959-12-16 High frequency tube apparatus
US203374A US3309631A (en) 1959-12-16 1962-06-18 High frequency tube coaxial transmission line

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US3309631A true US3309631A (en) 1967-03-14

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CH (1) CH391901A (en)
DE (1) DE1281042B (en)
GB (3) GB969490A (en)

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2474137A (en) * 1944-02-15 1949-06-21 Raytheon Mfg Co Coupling system for wave guides
US2530171A (en) * 1944-06-06 1950-11-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetron output terminal
US2871397A (en) * 1955-03-18 1959-01-27 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube of the klystron type
US2875369A (en) * 1956-02-27 1959-02-24 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube apparatus
US2938182A (en) * 1955-11-18 1960-05-24 Raytheon Co Microwave tube output coupling
US2994009A (en) * 1958-07-17 1961-07-25 Varian Associates High frequency tube apparatus
US3030594A (en) * 1955-01-06 1962-04-17 Varian Associates High frequency tunable cavity apparatus
US3032726A (en) * 1960-03-16 1962-05-01 Lltton Ind Of Maryland Inc High frequency coupling
US3036281A (en) * 1959-09-30 1962-05-22 Robert C Hilliard Wave meter drive mechanism
US3039068A (en) * 1960-08-05 1962-06-12 Gen Electric Transmission line windows

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2493046A (en) * 1942-08-03 1950-01-03 Sperry Corp High-frequency electroexpansive tuning apparatus
US2895110A (en) * 1956-08-16 1959-07-14 Varian Associates San Carlos High frequency apparatus

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2474137A (en) * 1944-02-15 1949-06-21 Raytheon Mfg Co Coupling system for wave guides
US2530171A (en) * 1944-06-06 1950-11-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetron output terminal
US3030594A (en) * 1955-01-06 1962-04-17 Varian Associates High frequency tunable cavity apparatus
US2871397A (en) * 1955-03-18 1959-01-27 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube of the klystron type
US2938182A (en) * 1955-11-18 1960-05-24 Raytheon Co Microwave tube output coupling
US2875369A (en) * 1956-02-27 1959-02-24 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube apparatus
US2994009A (en) * 1958-07-17 1961-07-25 Varian Associates High frequency tube apparatus
US3036281A (en) * 1959-09-30 1962-05-22 Robert C Hilliard Wave meter drive mechanism
US3032726A (en) * 1960-03-16 1962-05-01 Lltton Ind Of Maryland Inc High frequency coupling
US3039068A (en) * 1960-08-05 1962-06-12 Gen Electric Transmission line windows

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Publication number Publication date
GB969488A (en) 1964-09-09
CH391901A (en) 1965-05-15
GB969490A (en) 1964-09-09
DE1281042B (en) 1968-10-24
GB969489A (en) 1964-09-09

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