US3307120A - Ultrasonic wave device - Google Patents

Ultrasonic wave device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3307120A
US3307120A US226381A US22638162A US3307120A US 3307120 A US3307120 A US 3307120A US 226381 A US226381 A US 226381A US 22638162 A US22638162 A US 22638162A US 3307120 A US3307120 A US 3307120A
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United States
Prior art keywords
magnetic
nonmagnetic
crystal lattice
ultrasonic
transducer
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US226381A
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English (en)
Inventor
Richard T Denton
Edward G Spencer
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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Publication date
Priority to NL297704D priority Critical patent/NL297704A/xx
Priority to BE637828D priority patent/BE637828A/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US226381A priority patent/US3307120A/en
Priority to FR947672A priority patent/FR1377422A/fr
Priority to GB36877/63A priority patent/GB1062187A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3307120A publication Critical patent/US3307120A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/02—Details
    • H03H9/125—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/0302—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity characterised by unspecified or heterogeneous hardness or specially adapted for magnetic hardness transitions
    • H01F1/0311—Compounds
    • H01F1/0313—Oxidic compounds
    • H01F1/0315—Ferrites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/02—Details
    • H03H9/125—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils
    • H03H9/13—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils for networks consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials
    • H03H9/133—Driving means, e.g. electrodes, coils for networks consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive materials for electromechanical delay lines or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/30—Time-delay networks
    • H03H9/36—Time-delay networks with non-adjustable delay time

Definitions

  • FIG. 2 ULTRASONIC WAVE DEVICE Filed Sept. 26, 1962 VTTR/UM ALUM/A/UM GAR/V5 (NO/V- MAGNET/C) VTTR/UM mo/v l6 GARNET (MA G/VE TIC)
  • FIG. 2 VTTR/UM ALUM/A/UM GAR/V5 (NO/V- MAGNET/C) VTTR/UM mo/v l6 GARNET (MA G/VE TIC)
  • This invention relates to ultrasonic delay line devices and more particularly to the construction of efficient magnetic transducers for these delay lines.
  • the gyromagnetic element which preferably takes the form of a thin disc, be bonded to a delay medium constructed by conventional delay line material. These bonds can be made to transmit ultrasonic energy efficiently at low frequencies but at frequencies roughly above 100 megacycles per second these bonds introduce large insertion losses between the transducers and the delay medium with a consequent inefficiency.
  • the delay line is composed of a nonmagnetic material having a crystal structure and unit cell size similar to that of the magnetic transducer material, with the transducer material grown epitaxially upon the delay line material.
  • the delay line together with its transducer constitutes a single extended crystalline lattice, a portion of which is magnetic and the remainder of which is nonmagnetic.
  • Specific examples to be described include magnetic yttrium iron garnet grown upon a delay line of nonmagnetic yttrium aluminum garnet or yttrium of gallium garnet, or magnetic magnesium iron oxide grown upon magnesium aluminate.
  • a feature of the invention resides in the particular coupling circuit employed to support and apply the radio frequency magnetic field to the magnetic transducer portion.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partly in cross-section of a delay line interconnected between a pair of transducers in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the application of the invention to a multiple reflection form of relay device.
  • an illustrative embodiment of the invention comprising a delay line in the form of a cylindrical rod 12 formed from a single crystal of nonmagnetic material and transducer layers 13 and 14 formed upon each of its ends as a continuation of the same crystal lattice from a nonconduc tive, magnetic material of the type having substantial gyro magnetic properties.
  • the nature of both the magnetic and nonmagnetic materials will be described in more detail hereinafter.
  • the dimensions and crystalline orientation of rod 12 are selected to produce the desired ultrasonic delay and mode of propagation at the frequency of interest. Radio frequency energy at microwave frequencies is coupled into and out of layers 13 and 14 by a novel coaxial coupling.
  • an input coaxial line 15 located adjacent to layer 13 with the outer conductor electrically and mechanically connected to conductive ring 16 which surrounds the end of rod 12 and layer 13.
  • the center conductor 17 of coax 15 passes across the face of layer 13 and electrically terminates on the opposite side of ring 16.
  • Ring 16 serves the dual function of providing a rigid support for coax 15 and rod 12 and also serves as the ground plane for the radio frequency fields supported between conductor 17 and ring 16 by means of which a circularly polarized component of radio frequency magnetic field is excited in the plane of layer 13.
  • a direct-current biasing field is applied by means not illustrated in detail in a direction normal to the plane of layers 13 and 14.
  • This field is represented schematically by the vector H and has a strength that biases the gyro-margnetic material of layers 13 and 14 into the neighborhood of ferromagnetic resonance.
  • This field is represented schematically by the vector H and has a strength that biases the gyro-margnetic material of layers 13 and 14 into the neighborhood of ferromagnetic resonance.
  • a principal feature of the present invention resides in the nature of the material comprising the transducer layers 13 and 14, the material of rod 12 and the juncture therebetween.
  • the material of each layer is preferably one of the known nonconducting magnetic materials which exhibits gyromagnetic properties at microwave frequencies and which, in addition, has reasonably low magnetic losses, large magnetoe-lastic coupling constant, high acoustical Q and may be grown in single crystal form.
  • One of the most suitable materials for this purpose is yttrium iron garnet. Having thus selectedthe gyromagnetic material which is to constitute the transducer, the material to form rod 12 is then particularly chosen in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the material for rod 12 is one that has a similarity in 'both crystalline structure and unit cell size to that of the gyromagnetic material so that the gyromagnetic material may be epitaxially grown upon the cylindrical end of the rod as a continuation of the crystal lattice thereof.
  • a single crystal of nonmagnetic yttrium aluminum garnet is preferred for rod 12.
  • Other combin 3 ations of magnetic and nonmagnetic materials will be set forth hereinafter.
  • the process is similar to the seeded flux growths heretofore employed to grow single crystal magnetic materials.
  • the primary diiference resides in the fact that for the present process the seed comprises the substrate member of nonmagnetic material constituting the delay media.
  • the process includes the steps of combining the reactants of the magnetic material to be grown in the proper proportions with a flux comprising lead oxide, lead borate, lead fluoride, boron oxide or combinations thereof, heating the mixture to form a homogeneous solution of the reactants, inserting the seed crystal, and cooling the mixture very slowly to room temperature.
  • Cooling is continued until the growth is sufficient to produce a layer thickness that is on the order of at least one-half a wavelength of the intended ultrasonic frequency. Typically, this occurs after a temperature reduction of several hundred degrees.
  • the rod 12 is then removed, cooled to room temperature whereupon the layer is shaped and polished to the precise thickness desired.
  • Another structural class of magnetic and nonmagnetic materials that may be used to practice the present invention comprise those of spinel crystalline structure' Of this class, magnesium iron oxide has pronounced gyromagnetic properties and has been successfully grown upon a substrate of magnesium aluminate. This class appears to be particularly attractive from an economical standpoint because of the Well known lower cost of the material and processing for the spinels as compared to the .garnets. It is also possible by processes well known for the spinels to produce a gradual single crystal transition from nonmagnetic to magnetic composition.
  • the present invention contemplates a member having a single crystalline lattice structure, a portion of which is magnetic and includes a magnetic constituent such as iron and the remainder of which is 4- nonmagnetic and includes instead nonmagnetic constituents such as aluminum.
  • epitaxial should be understood in its broadest sense as designating a process by which one material is grown or deposited upon a base material that is somewhat different, either in terms of composition, impurity content, or other property, and in which the grown material is deposited in a crystal structure, the orientation of which is determined by the crystal orientation of the base material to form with a base a continuous crystal lattice. It includes, in addition to the flux growth process described above, those processes referred to in the art as hydrothermal synthesis, flame fusion and equivalent processes. In addition, a diffusion process may be employed by which sufiicient quantities of magnetic material are added into the crystal structure of the nonmagnetic base to produce a magnetic layer therein.
  • the present invention represents an improvement over either a magnetic transducer bonded to conventional nonmagnetic delay line or a homogeneous magnetic structure in which both transducer and delay line are formed from the same magnetic crystal.
  • the epitaxiaily formed junction according to the present invention provides a rigid, unitary connection without the mechanical problems of the bond. Further, since the interface between the transducer material and the delay line material is a continuation of the same crystal lattice, ultrasonic energy can be efficiently transferred across it even at microwave frequencies.
  • the second prior art form the difiiculty and expense of growing single crystals of magnetic material are reduced by the use of more easily grown nonmagnetic materials as the delay line.
  • a magnetic delay medium particularly in the presence of the residual biasing field which extends into it from the transducer and may bias it in the vicinity of gyromagnetic resonance, has substantially greater acoustical propagation losses than nonmagnetic materials.
  • FIG. 2 shows a polygonal body 39 in one of the preferred forms as described in Patent 2,839,731 granted June 17, 1958, to H. I. McSkimin.
  • Ultrasonic wave energy launched within body 30 is multiply reflected as represented by path 39 until it returns to the output transducer.
  • body 30 is formed from a crystal of nonmagnetic material of the type described above and is shaped according to the teachings of the above-mentioned McSkimin patent. A1 ternative shapes may be found in the teachings of D. L. Arenberg, 20 Journal of Acoustical Society 1, 1948.
  • the input and output transducers comprise layers 31 and 32 of gyromagnetic material which are epitaxially formed upon the selected faces of body 30.
  • the radio frequency input and output are illustrated schematically by coaxial conductors 35 and 36 ending in loops 37 and 38, respectively, with the plane of the loops oriented normal to the facesof the respective layers 31 and 32.
  • Steady biasing fields represented by vectors 33 and 34 are applied respectively to layers 31 and 32 in a direction normal to the plane of each layer.
  • An ultrasonic delay device comprising a member having a transducer portion formed of magnetic material and a delay line portion formed of nonmagnetic material, means including means for applying a radio frequency magnetic field to said magnetic portion for generating ultrasonic wave energy and means for utilizing ultrasonic wave energy connected to said nonmagnetic portion, said magnetic and nonmagnetic materials both being single crystal materials of given crystal lattice structure,
  • the junction between said portions being formed as a continuous crystal lattice structure extending from and including the crystal lattice of said magnetic portion to and including the crystal lattice structure of said nonmagnetic portion so that no acoustical discontinuity is presented to said wave energy traversing said junction.
  • An ultrasonic device comprising a member of nonmagnetic material having a crystal structure and unit cell size for receiving and transmitting ultrasonic wave energy
  • a layer of magnetic material having a crystal structure and unit cell size similar to that of said member formed epitaxially upon a surface of said member, means for applying a steady magnetic field to said layer and means for applying a high frequency radio magnetic field to said layer in a direction normal to said steady field for converting said high frequency field into an ultarsonic wave for transmission into said nonmagnetic member.
  • said means for applying said high frequency field comprises a ring of conductive material surrounding said layer and a two-conductor transmission line for said energy having one conductor thereof connected to said ring on one side of said layer, the other conductor thereof extending across said layer and being connected to said ring on the other side of said layer.
  • An ultrasonic delay device comprising a member having at least an end portion which is of magnetic material of the type which exhibits gyromagnetic properties at high frequencies, means utilizing said gyromagnetic properties for generatng ultrasonic wave energy at said high frequencies comprising a ring of conductive material surrounding said end portion, a two conductor transmission line for high frequency radio energy having one conductor thereof connected to said ring on one side of said portion, the other conductor thereof extending across said portion and being connected to said ring on the other side of said portion, means for applying high frequency radio energy between said conductors, and means for applying a steady magnetic field to said portion in a direction normal to said other conductor, and means for conveying said generated elastic wave energy away from said portion.
  • HERMAN KARL SAALBACH Primary Examiner.
  • C. BARAFF Assistant Examiner.
US226381A 1962-09-26 1962-09-26 Ultrasonic wave device Expired - Lifetime US3307120A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL297704D NL297704A (xx) 1962-09-26
BE637828D BE637828A (xx) 1962-09-26
US226381A US3307120A (en) 1962-09-26 1962-09-26 Ultrasonic wave device
FR947672A FR1377422A (fr) 1962-09-26 1963-09-16 Dispositif à ultrasons
GB36877/63A GB1062187A (en) 1962-09-26 1963-09-19 Ultrasonic devices and apparatus

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NL (1) NL297704A (xx)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3400340A (en) * 1964-08-04 1968-09-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultrasonic wave transmission devices
US3428144A (en) * 1966-07-07 1969-02-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Elastic wave elements
US3475704A (en) * 1965-04-17 1969-10-28 Philips Corp Ultrasonic delay devices
US3504307A (en) * 1966-07-06 1970-03-31 Kennecott Copper Corp Thin sample ultrasonic delay line
US3526856A (en) * 1968-09-24 1970-09-01 Hazeltine Research Inc Electromagnetic coupling apparatus
US3530409A (en) * 1968-09-24 1970-09-22 Hazeltine Research Inc Two-port magnetoelastic delay line
US3611200A (en) * 1968-11-09 1971-10-05 Philips Corp Ultrasonic delay line
US3618134A (en) * 1970-01-12 1971-11-02 Sperry Rand Corp High-frequency ferrimagnetic delay device
US3707689A (en) * 1970-03-26 1972-12-26 Chu Associates Electrical signal processing method and apparatus

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2571019A (en) * 1948-04-30 1951-10-09 Rca Corp Electrical coupling system for magnetostrictive elements
US2712638A (en) * 1951-09-18 1955-07-05 David L Arenberg Single-crystal ultrasonic solid delay lines using multiple reflections
US2718637A (en) * 1951-07-27 1955-09-20 Rca Corp Radar moving target indication system
US3037174A (en) * 1958-12-31 1962-05-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave ultrasonic delay line
US3098204A (en) * 1961-04-24 1963-07-16 Joseph B Brauer Microwave delay line and method of fabrication

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2571019A (en) * 1948-04-30 1951-10-09 Rca Corp Electrical coupling system for magnetostrictive elements
US2718637A (en) * 1951-07-27 1955-09-20 Rca Corp Radar moving target indication system
US2712638A (en) * 1951-09-18 1955-07-05 David L Arenberg Single-crystal ultrasonic solid delay lines using multiple reflections
US3037174A (en) * 1958-12-31 1962-05-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave ultrasonic delay line
US3098204A (en) * 1961-04-24 1963-07-16 Joseph B Brauer Microwave delay line and method of fabrication

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3400340A (en) * 1964-08-04 1968-09-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultrasonic wave transmission devices
US3475704A (en) * 1965-04-17 1969-10-28 Philips Corp Ultrasonic delay devices
US3504307A (en) * 1966-07-06 1970-03-31 Kennecott Copper Corp Thin sample ultrasonic delay line
US3428144A (en) * 1966-07-07 1969-02-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Elastic wave elements
US3526856A (en) * 1968-09-24 1970-09-01 Hazeltine Research Inc Electromagnetic coupling apparatus
US3530409A (en) * 1968-09-24 1970-09-22 Hazeltine Research Inc Two-port magnetoelastic delay line
US3611200A (en) * 1968-11-09 1971-10-05 Philips Corp Ultrasonic delay line
US3618134A (en) * 1970-01-12 1971-11-02 Sperry Rand Corp High-frequency ferrimagnetic delay device
US3707689A (en) * 1970-03-26 1972-12-26 Chu Associates Electrical signal processing method and apparatus

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GB1062187A (en) 1967-03-15
NL297704A (xx)
BE637828A (xx)

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