US3304987A - Apparatus for heating with natural gas - Google Patents

Apparatus for heating with natural gas Download PDF

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US3304987A
US3304987A US337614A US33761464A US3304987A US 3304987 A US3304987 A US 3304987A US 337614 A US337614 A US 337614A US 33761464 A US33761464 A US 33761464A US 3304987 A US3304987 A US 3304987A
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conduit
natural gas
main
main conduit
burner
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US337614A
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Leveque Maurice
Coutaud Marcel
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S C A T SOC POUR LA CONSTRUCTI
S C A T-Societe Pour La Construction D'appareils Thermiques Anciennes Maisons Digard Et Arrighi Reunies
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S C A T SOC POUR LA CONSTRUCTI
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/36—Forming the light into pulses
    • G01D5/38—Forming the light into pulses by diffraction gratings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
    • B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/34—Burners specially adapted for use with means for pressurising the gaseous fuel or the combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/66—Preheating the combustion air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D91/00—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for
    • F23D91/02—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for for use in particular heating operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/342—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells the sensed object being the obturating part
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2206/00—Burners for specific applications
    • F23D2206/0094—Gas burners adapted for use in illumination and heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the flame of a natural gas normally comprises carbonio gas and steam whose radiation factors are l-ow. Further, the proportion of dry sm-oke per unit volume of natural gas is very distinctly greater than that of town gas. Consequently, owing to these factors, the substitution of natural gas for townA gas in gas heating units results in a marked drop in the eciency of these units.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved process of putting natural gas in combustion which increases the radiation power of the flame and consequently affords an improved transmission of the heat to the cold source.
  • One of the objects of the invention is in particular to obtain, by the application of this improved process, an improved total energetic eticiency of a heated enclosure in permitting substitution of natural gas for town gas or fuel oil for the heating of this enclosure without need to modify the geometric characteristics of this enclosure.
  • the invention concerns imparting the necessary luminosity to the flame and obtaining a flame having the dimensional characteristics appropriate to the enclosure in whi-ch the flame must be developed.
  • hydrocarbons such as methane
  • thermal cracking with formation of particles of carbon and soot which, when they are in suspension in a flame, impart high luminosity to the latter.
  • This high temperature is of the order of at least 900 C. and is obtained by the heating of a hollow refractory body through which the jet of natural gas travels, said heating being obtained by means of an auxiliary jet formed by drawing off a small proportion of natural lgas which is mixed prior to its ignition with a comburent gas or mixture (which is not necessarily oxygen and can be for example air) in accordance with the necessary theoretical proportion for the combustion of this auxiliary jet bearing in mind the composition of said natural gas.
  • a comburent gas or mixture which is not necessarily oxygen and can be for example air
  • the amount of natural gas drawn off can be of the order of 3% of the main jet ow.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved burner adapted for the use of natural combustible gas, said burner comprising in combination a main axial 43,304,987 Patented Feb. 2l, 1967 I CC conduit adapted to be connected to a natural :gas supply conduit, the main conduit communicating with a refractory jet in the form of a cylindrical sleeve coaxial with the main conduit, an annular auxiliary conduit coaxial with the main conduit and communicating with the sleeve in an annular zone which is contiguous with the inner face of the sleeve and with the end of the main conduit, the auxiliary cond-uit being adapted to be connected to a supply conduit supplying a mixture of natural gas and comburent gas (for example air), said burner being adapted to be mounted axially in the entrance of a radiating opening with which communicate the conduits supplying air and preferably hot air.
  • a mixture of natural gas and comburent gas for example air
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a heating unit for a furnace or like enclosure said unit comprising an air injenction opening, a burner of the type dened hereinbefore mounted axially in the entrance of said opening, a natural gas supply conduit connected to the main conduit of the burner and to a source of natural gas, a mixer of air and natural gas connected, on the one hand, to sources of air ⁇ and natural gas and, on the other hand, to the annular conduit of the burner, and a device supplying air to said opening, said device preferably comprising an apparatus heating air by direct heating or by recuperation which preheats said air supply.
  • FIG. l is an axial sectional view of a burner according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an elevational view of said burner taken at to FIG. l, and
  • FIG. 3 is a view, partly in perspective Iand partly in section, of a heating unit for a furnace which employs the process according to the invention.
  • a natural gas burner according to the invention comprises a generally annular shaped metal collar 2 which has fixing holes 2a and in which is disposed a jet 3 composed of a refractory material and constituting a sleeve having two cylindrical portions 3a, 3b separated by a shoulder 3c, the portion 3a which is of smaller diameter extending forwardly of the mounting face 2b of the collar.
  • This sleeve is held in position by a cylindrical case 4 secured to the collar 2 by a screwthreaded engagement, welding or other means.
  • the jet 3 and case 4 are separated by an insulating gasket 5.
  • the case 4 comprises a pipe 4a adapted to be connected to a conduit 6.
  • the jet or sleeve 3 has an axial cylindrical chamber 7 Whose wall comprises deep grooves, for example helical grooves 7a.
  • This chamber comprises an upstream portion 7b of larger diameter in which is disposed a ring 8 whose end 8a of smaller diameter extends into the chamber 7.
  • a space 9 constituting an annular conduit coaxial with the chamber 7, 7a.
  • 'Ihe ring 8 has an axial conduit in which is disposed a nozzle 10 composed of a refractory material and secured to the end of a tube 11 which extends through the case 4 through circular coaxial openings 12a, 12b.
  • a space 5a formed between the ring 8 and the case 4 permits the annular conduit to communicate with the opening 12a and consequently with the inner chamber of the case 4.
  • a head 13 Secured to the case 4 by screwing, welding or other means, is a head 13 carrying a base 13a and a pipe 13b adapted to be connected to a conduit 14.
  • the inner passage 13c of this pipe communicates with a chamber 13d which communicates with the inner cavity 11a of the tube 11.
  • the cavities 13C, 13d, 11a and the cavity of the nozzle form a main conduit communicating with the conduit 14 and the axial part of the chamber 7 of the jet 3.
  • the cavity of the pipe 4a, the cavity of the case 4, the opening 12a, the space 5a, and the annular conduit 9 constitute an auxiliary conduit which communicates with the conduit 6 and the peripheral part of the chamber 7, since the outer wall of the annular conduit is constituted by a portion of the wall of the chamber 7 lof the jet 3.
  • the assembly is completed by the following accessories.
  • the size of the end passage ⁇ section of the nozzle 10 is adjusted by a member 15 of oval or like shape,disposed axially in said nozzle and secured to the end of a rod 16 which is screwed at 16a in the head 13 and is provided with a regulating wheel 17.
  • a pipe 18 independent of the conduit 14 communicates with the latter and tangentially at 18a with the cavity 11a of the tube 11.
  • a tap 19 regulates the flow through this pipe.
  • the conduit 14 and pipe 18 have been omitted from FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity.
  • This burner (FIG. 3) is secured through the medium of its collar 2 to the outer face of an element 21 of refractory material closing the opening in a heating furnace F and provided with air inlet conduits 22 which communicate by way of an annular passageway 22a with the mouth of the element 21 at a certain distance inward of the end of the jet 3 of the burner, the conduits 22 communicating with an annular chamber 23 connected to a heat-insulated pipe 24 which is connected to a recuperation device or regenerator R -fed with air by a fan V and with heat by a smoke pipe T.
  • the conduit 14 is connected to a source of natural gas (not shown) which constitutes the heating fuel of the furnace; the conduit 6 is connected to an air and gas mixer M fed with air by a conduit A and with natural gas by a conduit G connected to said source of na-tural gas.
  • a source of natural gas not shown
  • the conduit 6 is connected to an air and gas mixer M fed with air by a conduit A and with natural gas by a conduit G connected to said source of na-tural gas.
  • the apparatus operates in the following manner
  • This mixture is combustible and ignited, but is supplied under such pressure that, firstly, its cir-r culation velocity is higher than the velocity of propagation of the llame in this gaseous mixture and, secondly, the ilarne is stabilized in a position in the vicinity of the end of the auxiliary conduit.
  • This auxiliary combustion peryforms a double function:
  • the regulating device constituted by the control wheel 17 and tap 19, imparts to the flame dimensional characteristics appropriate to those of the enclosure F to be heated.
  • the Isetting of the oval valve member 15 by means of the wheel 17 regulates the length of the flame.
  • the setting of the valve 19 regulates the flow of the tangential jet supplied by the pipe 18 and consequently the magnitude of the rotary component given in this region to the gas jet in the main conduit; consequently the ilame can be made more or less turbulent or soft.
  • a burner intended to be mounted axially in the entrance of a radiating opening which is provided in an enclosure to be heated and communicates with air supply conduits, the burner comprising means defining a body in which are provided, a main axial conduit means for supplying raw natural gas to said main conduit, said conduit means having an outlet end and inlet end, a jet composed of refractory material and in the form of a sleeve which is coaxial with and communicates with the main conduit, an annular auxiliary conduit coaxial with the main conduit and communicating with the sleeve in an annular zone which is contiguous with the inner face of the sleeve and with said outlet end of the main conduit, means for supplying a ⁇ mixture of natural gas and an oxidant to said auxiliary conduit, the burner further comprising a main pipe having -one end for connection to a source of natural gas and another end communicating with said inlet end of the main conduit, a secondary pipe having one end connected to the main pipe and another end communicating with the interior of and being connected to said
  • a burner intended to be mounted axially in the entrance of a radiating opening which is provided in an enclosure Ito be heated and communicates with air supply conduits, the burner comprising means defining a body in which are provided, a main axial conduit, means for supplying natural gas to the main conduit, said means having an outlet end and an inlet end, a jet composed of refractory material and in the form of a sleeve which is coaxial with and communicates with the main conduit, an annular auxiliary conduit coaxial with the main conduit and communicating with the sleeve in an annular zone which is contiguous with the inner face of the sleeve and with said outlet end of the main conduit, means for supplying a mixture of natural gas and an oxidant to the auxiliary conduit; the burner further comprising a main pipe having one end for connection to a source of natural gas and another end communicating with said inlet end of the main conduit, a secondary pipe having one end connected to the main pipe and another end communicating with the interior of and being connected to said inlet end of

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Description

Feb- 21, 1967 M. LEvEQuE: ETAL APPARATUS FOR HEATING WITH NATURAL GAS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 14, 1964 F l'qj /N VENToRSZ MAURscE LEVEQUC- d MARCH L Cour/*uv rheir Horny Feb. 2l, 1967 M. LEVEQUE ET AL 3,304,987
APPARATUS FOR HEATING WITH NATURAL GAS Filed Jan. 14, 1964 z sheets-sheet 2 )NVENTORS MAURICE LEVEQUE md MARCEL coa/TAM) United States Patent F 3,304,987 APPARATUS FOR HEATING WITH NATURAL GAS Maurice Leveque, Issy-les-Moulineaux, and Marcel Cou- The present invention relates in a general Way to the heating of industrial furnaces, ovens and like enclosures by means of natural gas and more particularly gas having a high content of methane or other hydrocarbons.
The flame of a natural gas normally comprises carbonio gas and steam whose radiation factors are l-ow. Further, the proportion of dry sm-oke per unit volume of natural gas is very distinctly greater than that of town gas. Consequently, owing to these factors, the substitution of natural gas for townA gas in gas heating units results in a marked drop in the eciency of these units.
The object of the invention is to provide an improved process of putting natural gas in combustion which increases the radiation power of the flame and consequently affords an improved transmission of the heat to the cold source. One of the objects of the invention is in particular to obtain, by the application of this improved process, an improved total energetic eticiency of a heated enclosure in permitting substitution of natural gas for town gas or fuel oil for the heating of this enclosure without need to modify the geometric characteristics of this enclosure.
For this purpose, the invention concerns imparting the necessary luminosity to the flame and obtaining a flame having the dimensional characteristics appropriate to the enclosure in whi-ch the flame must be developed.A
It is known that hydrocarbons, such as methane, can be disassociated by thermal cracking with formation of particles of carbon and soot which, when they are in suspension in a flame, impart high luminosity to the latter.
The process for improving the characteristics of a natural ygas llame which is one of the objects of the present invention comprises producing a jet of natural gas and subjecting said jet of natural gas on the upstream side of the mixing `point of said jet with a jet of comburent gas, to the action of a high temperature resulting in at least a partial cracking of the peripheral Zone of said jet of natural gas.
This high temperature is of the order of at least 900 C. and is obtained by the heating of a hollow refractory body through which the jet of natural gas travels, said heating being obtained by means of an auxiliary jet formed by drawing off a small proportion of natural lgas which is mixed prior to its ignition with a comburent gas or mixture (which is not necessarily oxygen and can be for example air) in accordance with the necessary theoretical proportion for the combustion of this auxiliary jet bearing in mind the composition of said natural gas.
The amount of natural gas drawn off can be of the order of 3% of the main jet ow.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved burner adapted for the use of natural combustible gas, said burner comprising in combination a main axial 43,304,987 Patented Feb. 2l, 1967 I CC conduit adapted to be connected to a natural :gas supply conduit, the main conduit communicating with a refractory jet in the form of a cylindrical sleeve coaxial with the main conduit, an annular auxiliary conduit coaxial with the main conduit and communicating with the sleeve in an annular zone which is contiguous with the inner face of the sleeve and with the end of the main conduit, the auxiliary cond-uit being adapted to be connected to a supply conduit supplying a mixture of natural gas and comburent gas (for example air), said burner being adapted to be mounted axially in the entrance of a radiating opening with which communicate the conduits supplying air and preferably hot air.
Another object of the invention is to provide a heating unit for a furnace or like enclosure said unit comprising an air injenction opening, a burner of the type dened hereinbefore mounted axially in the entrance of said opening, a natural gas supply conduit connected to the main conduit of the burner and to a source of natural gas, a mixer of air and natural gas connected, on the one hand, to sources of air `and natural gas and, on the other hand, to the annular conduit of the burner, and a device supplying air to said opening, said device preferably comprising an apparatus heating air by direct heating or by recuperation which preheats said air supply.
Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the ensuing description, with reference to the accompanying drawings to which the invention is in no way limited.
In the drawings:
FIG. l is an axial sectional view of a burner according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is an elevational view of said burner taken at to FIG. l, and
FIG. 3 is a view, partly in perspective Iand partly in section, of a heating unit for a furnace which employs the process according to the invention.
In the, embodiment shown in FIGS. l and 2, a natural gas burner according to the invention, generally designated by the reference character 1, comprises a generally annular shaped metal collar 2 which has fixing holes 2a and in which is disposed a jet 3 composed of a refractory material and constituting a sleeve having two cylindrical portions 3a, 3b separated by a shoulder 3c, the portion 3a which is of smaller diameter extending forwardly of the mounting face 2b of the collar. This sleeve is held in position by a cylindrical case 4 secured to the collar 2 by a screwthreaded engagement, welding or other means. The jet 3 and case 4 are separated by an insulating gasket 5. The case 4 comprises a pipe 4a adapted to be connected to a conduit 6.
The jet or sleeve 3 has an axial cylindrical chamber 7 Whose wall comprises deep grooves, for example helical grooves 7a. This chamber comprises an upstream portion 7b of larger diameter in which is disposed a ring 8 whose end 8a of smaller diameter extends into the chamber 7. Formed between the outer face of this ring and the wall of the chamber 7, 7a, is a space 9 constituting an annular conduit coaxial with the chamber 7, 7a. 'Ihe ring 8 has an axial conduit in which is disposed a nozzle 10 composed of a refractory material and secured to the end of a tube 11 which extends through the case 4 through circular coaxial openings 12a, 12b.
A space 5a formed between the ring 8 and the case 4 permits the annular conduit to communicate with the opening 12a and consequently with the inner chamber of the case 4.
Secured to the case 4 by screwing, welding or other means, is a head 13 carrying a base 13a and a pipe 13b adapted to be connected to a conduit 14. The inner passage 13c of this pipe communicates with a chamber 13d which communicates with the inner cavity 11a of the tube 11. The cavities 13C, 13d, 11a and the cavity of the nozzle form a main conduit communicating with the conduit 14 and the axial part of the chamber 7 of the jet 3. The cavity of the pipe 4a, the cavity of the case 4, the opening 12a, the space 5a, and the annular conduit 9 constitute an auxiliary conduit which communicates with the conduit 6 and the peripheral part of the chamber 7, since the outer wall of the annular conduit is constituted by a portion of the wall of the chamber 7 lof the jet 3.
The assembly is completed by the following accessories. The size of the end passage `section of the nozzle 10 is adjusted by a member 15 of oval or like shape,disposed axially in said nozzle and secured to the end of a rod 16 which is screwed at 16a in the head 13 and is provided with a regulating wheel 17. A pipe 18 independent of the conduit 14 communicates with the latter and tangentially at 18a with the cavity 11a of the tube 11. A tap 19 regulates the flow through this pipe. The conduit 14 and pipe 18 have been omitted from FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity.
This burner (FIG. 3) is secured through the medium of its collar 2 to the outer face of an element 21 of refractory material closing the opening in a heating furnace F and provided with air inlet conduits 22 which communicate by way of an annular passageway 22a with the mouth of the element 21 at a certain distance inward of the end of the jet 3 of the burner, the conduits 22 communicating with an annular chamber 23 connected to a heat-insulated pipe 24 which is connected to a recuperation device or regenerator R -fed with air by a fan V and with heat by a smoke pipe T.
Fur-ther, the conduit 14 is connected to a source of natural gas (not shown) which constitutes the heating fuel of the furnace; the conduit 6 is connected to an air and gas mixer M fed with air by a conduit A and with natural gas by a conduit G connected to said source of na-tural gas.
The apparatus operates in the following manner;
Whereas the major part of the natural gas to be burnt is supplied by the conduit 14 to the main conduit and reaches the nozzle 10, a small proportion of this gas (for example 3% of the total supply) is supplied to the mixer M where it is mixed with air in proportions corresponding to the theoretical combustion, bearing in mind the cornposition of the `gas. This mixture is supplied through the conduit 6 and the auxiliary annular conduitl 9 to a region in the vicinity of the end of the nozzle 10 of the main conduit. This mixture is combustible and ignited, but is supplied under such pressure that, firstly, its cir-r culation velocity is higher than the velocity of propagation of the llame in this gaseous mixture and, secondly, the ilarne is stabilized in a position in the vicinity of the end of the auxiliary conduit. This auxiliary combustion peryforms a double function:
(l) This auxiliary combustion heats at high temperature-of the order of at least 900 C-the peripheral zone of the gas jet which issues from the nozzle and thus results in a partial cracking of this gas; consequently, there are created in the llame in the opening of the element 21 when the gas is mixed with the air issuing from the passageway 22a, particles 'of carbon and soot which impart intense luminosity to the flame and thus increase the transmission of heat by radiation.
(2) Said auxiliary combustion insures a preheating of, for example, 300 C. of the whole of the gas jet before its ignition.
It will be observed that:
(a) In the course of its ,passage through the jet 3 the annular flame is driven in a helical direction by the rubbing of its peripheral zone against the helically ribbed wall of the chamber 7.
(b) The regulating device, constituted by the control wheel 17 and tap 19, imparts to the flame dimensional characteristics appropriate to those of the enclosure F to be heated. The Isetting of the oval valve member 15 by means of the wheel 17 regulates the length of the flame. The setting of the valve 19 regulates the flow of the tangential jet supplied by the pipe 18 and consequently the magnitude of the rotary component given in this region to the gas jet in the main conduit; consequently the ilame can be made more or less turbulent or soft.
It will be understood that it is also possible to adjust by means (not shown) the supply of the gas-air mixture to the auxiliary .annular conduit, the velocity of this mixture in the supply conduit and thus the stabilized position of the auxiliary darne. Consequently it is possible to adjust the degree of the localized high cracking temperature and the degree of preheating of the llame; this degree depends also on this adjustment of the temperature of the hot air supplied by the pipe 24.
Although specic embodiments of the invention have been described, many modifications and changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Having now described our invention what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A burner intended to be mounted axially in the entrance of a radiating opening which is provided in an enclosure to be heated and communicates with air supply conduits, the burner comprising means defining a body in which are provided, a main axial conduit means for supplying raw natural gas to said main conduit, said conduit means having an outlet end and inlet end, a jet composed of refractory material and in the form of a sleeve which is coaxial with and communicates with the main conduit, an annular auxiliary conduit coaxial with the main conduit and communicating with the sleeve in an annular zone which is contiguous with the inner face of the sleeve and with said outlet end of the main conduit, means for supplying a `mixture of natural gas and an oxidant to said auxiliary conduit, the burner further comprising a main pipe having -one end for connection to a source of natural gas and another end communicating with said inlet end of the main conduit, a secondary pipe having one end connected to the main pipe and another end communicating with the interior of and being connected to said inlet end of the main conduit in such manner as to be tangent with the main conduit, whereby a portion of said natural gas is supplied tangentially in the inlet end of the main conduit.
2. A burner intended to be mounted axially in the entrance of a radiating opening which is provided in an enclosure Ito be heated and communicates with air supply conduits, the burner comprising means defining a body in which are provided, a main axial conduit, means for supplying natural gas to the main conduit, said means having an outlet end and an inlet end, a jet composed of refractory material and in the form of a sleeve which is coaxial with and communicates with the main conduit, an annular auxiliary conduit coaxial with the main conduit and communicating with the sleeve in an annular zone which is contiguous with the inner face of the sleeve and with said outlet end of the main conduit, means for supplying a mixture of natural gas and an oxidant to the auxiliary conduit; the burner further comprising a main pipe having one end for connection to a source of natural gas and another end communicating with said inlet end of the main conduit, a secondary pipe having one end connected to the main pipe and another end communicating with the interior of and being connected to said inlet end of the main conduit, whereby a portion of said 5 natural gas is supplied tangentially in the inlet end of 2,167,183 the main conduit, and means inserted in the secondary 2,188,133 pipe for adjusting the gas ow therethrough. 2,836,481 2,873,174 References Cited by the Examiner 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS 180,350 936,781 10/1909` Kemp. 1106 351 1,430,327 9/1922 Sauer. 1,686,711 10/1928 Schrader 158-990 2,047,471 7/1936 Hepburn et al. 15S-99X 10 2,117,968 5/1938 Lutherer 158-99 6 7/ 1939 Naab et =a1. 1/ 1940 Hepburn 126-91 5/ 1958 Hof-stede. 2/ 1959 Capuder et al. 158-7X FOREIGN PATENTS 11/1954 Austria. 7/1955 France.
FREDERICK L. MATTESON, I R., Primary Examiner.
H. B. RAMEY, C. R. REMKE, Assistant Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. A BURNER INTENDED TO BE MOUNTED AXIALLY IN THE ENTRANCE OF A RADIATING OPENING WHICH IS PROVIDED IN AN ENCLOSURE TO BE HEATED AND COMMUNICATES WITH AIR SUPPLY CONDUITS, THE BURNER COMPRISING MEANS DEFINING A BODY IN WHICH ARE PROVIDED, A MAIN AXIAL CONDUIT MEANS FOR SUPPLYING RAW NATURAL GAS TO SAID MAIN CONDUIT, SAID CONDUIT MEANS HAVING AN OUTLET END AND INLET END, A JET COMPOSED OF REFRACTORY MATERIAL AND IN THE FORM OF A SLEEVE WHICH IS COAXIAL WITH AND COMMUNICATES WITH THE MAIN CONDUIT, AN ANNULAR AUXILIARY CONDUIT COAXIAL WITH THE MAIN CONDUIT AND COMMUNICATING WITH THE SLEEVE IN AN ANNULAR ZONE WHICH IS CONTIGUOUS WITH THE INNER FACE OF THE SLEEVE AND WITH SAID OUTLET END OF THE MAIN CONDUIT, MEANS FOR SUPPLYING A MIXTURE OF NATURAL GAS AND AN OXIDANT TO SAID AUXILIARY CONDUIT, THE BURNER FURTHER COMPRISING A MAIN PIPE HAVING ONE END FOR CONNECTION TO A SOURCE OF NATURAL GAS AND ANOTHER END COMMUNICATING WITH SAID INLET END OF THE MAIN CONDUIT, A SECONDARY PIPE HAVING ONE END CONNECTED TO THE MAIN PIPE AND ANOTHER END COMMUNICATING WITH THE INTERIOR OF AND BEING CONNECTED TO SAID INLET END OF THE MAIN CONDUIT IN SUCH MANNER AS TO BE TANGENT WITH THE MAIN CONDUIT, WHEREBY A PORTION OF SAID NATURAL GAS IS SUPPLIED TANGENTIALLY IN THE INLET END OF THE MAIN CONDUIT.
US337614A 1963-01-17 1964-01-14 Apparatus for heating with natural gas Expired - Lifetime US3304987A (en)

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FR921706A FR1353613A (en) 1963-01-17 1963-01-17 Improvement in natural gas heating processes and devices

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DE (1) DE1451474A1 (en)
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US4090666A (en) * 1976-05-19 1978-05-23 Coors Container Company Gun for tribo charging powder

Families Citing this family (1)

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FR2671605A1 (en) * 1991-01-16 1992-07-17 Lorraine Laminage AIR AND COMBUSTION GAS MIXER FOR GAS BURNER OF INDUSTRIAL FURNACES.

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US936781A (en) * 1903-10-03 1909-10-12 Kemp Hydro Carbon Furnace Company Furnace for smelting ores.
US1430327A (en) * 1922-09-26 Device for effecting the combustion of fuel
US1686711A (en) * 1927-05-31 1928-10-09 Harold D Schrader Gas burner
US2047471A (en) * 1934-03-26 1936-07-14 Surface Combustion Corp Gas-fired radiator tube
US2117968A (en) * 1934-04-25 1938-05-17 North American Mfg Gas burner
US2167183A (en) * 1936-11-14 1939-07-25 North American Mfg Gas burner
US2188133A (en) * 1937-11-11 1940-01-23 Surface Combustion Corp Heating apparatus
AT180350B (en) * 1953-07-18 1954-11-25 Johann Dr Dipl Ing Neumann Gas burner
FR1106351A (en) * 1954-08-06 1955-12-19 Renault Gas burners for rapid heating at high temperature
US2836481A (en) * 1951-03-06 1958-05-27 Shell Dev Method and apparatus for the combustion of hydrogen sulfide and the production of sulfur
US2873174A (en) * 1956-11-21 1959-02-10 Fred C Capuder Reactor nozzle assembly

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1430327A (en) * 1922-09-26 Device for effecting the combustion of fuel
US936781A (en) * 1903-10-03 1909-10-12 Kemp Hydro Carbon Furnace Company Furnace for smelting ores.
US1686711A (en) * 1927-05-31 1928-10-09 Harold D Schrader Gas burner
US2047471A (en) * 1934-03-26 1936-07-14 Surface Combustion Corp Gas-fired radiator tube
US2117968A (en) * 1934-04-25 1938-05-17 North American Mfg Gas burner
US2167183A (en) * 1936-11-14 1939-07-25 North American Mfg Gas burner
US2188133A (en) * 1937-11-11 1940-01-23 Surface Combustion Corp Heating apparatus
US2836481A (en) * 1951-03-06 1958-05-27 Shell Dev Method and apparatus for the combustion of hydrogen sulfide and the production of sulfur
AT180350B (en) * 1953-07-18 1954-11-25 Johann Dr Dipl Ing Neumann Gas burner
FR1106351A (en) * 1954-08-06 1955-12-19 Renault Gas burners for rapid heating at high temperature
US2873174A (en) * 1956-11-21 1959-02-10 Fred C Capuder Reactor nozzle assembly

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4090666A (en) * 1976-05-19 1978-05-23 Coors Container Company Gun for tribo charging powder

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LU45150A1 (en) 1964-03-02
FR1353613A (en) 1964-02-28
NL6400141A (en) 1964-07-20
DE1451474A1 (en) 1970-03-26

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