US3302951A - Method for sealing a turbine or compressor shaft - Google Patents

Method for sealing a turbine or compressor shaft Download PDF

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Publication number
US3302951A
US3302951A US428165A US42816565A US3302951A US 3302951 A US3302951 A US 3302951A US 428165 A US428165 A US 428165A US 42816565 A US42816565 A US 42816565A US 3302951 A US3302951 A US 3302951A
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Prior art keywords
chamber
air
pressure
sealing
shaft
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Expired - Lifetime
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US428165A
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Olesen Carsten Balslev
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ABB Stal AB
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Stal Laval Turbin AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/40—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F01D11/04—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam

Definitions

  • a means and method for sealing a turbine or compressor shaft by means of an arrangement located between a chamber containing vapour of, for example heavy water (D 0) and a bearing, and it comprises a series of sealing glands, separated from each other by chambers.
  • the described arrangement is such that air at atmospheric pressure is admitted to one of the chambers, and air mixed with oil, formed by oil leaking from the bearing to another of the chambers in one direction along the shaft, and by atmospheric air leaking from the first chamber in the other direction, is withdrawn by a fan, thereby maintaining a pressure lower than atmospheric in the secondmentioned chamber.
  • the present invention is characterized by the fact that in a line extending to one of the chambers, the air pressure from a fan in said line is kept constant due to the fact that a part of the air is returned to the suction side of the fan through a return line provided with a pressure-controlled regulating valve, and in addition, the pressure on the suction side is kept constant by supplying atmospheric air through a line provided with a regulating valve which is controlled by the pressure on the suction side.
  • This provides a system of control which can maintain a constant pressure in several of the chambers with different flow rates through seals arranged around the shaft, that is, a very stable control is provided which makes it possible to supply the shaft seal with the quantities of sealing air required by the leakage variations due to changes in the clearance at the edges of the seal, at constant line pressure before and after the fan.
  • a shaft 1 for a turbine which, for example, operates on D 0 steam.
  • a steam chamber in the turbine is designated at 2.
  • the shaft 1 is carried in a bearing shown at 3.
  • a shaft seal which surrounds the shaft 1 with a plurality of sealing points designated respectively at 4, 5, 6 and 7, the same being separated or spaced apart by means of the chambers I, II, III and IV.
  • Oil from the bearing 3 is sprayed into the chamber I, wherein a vacuum is maintained by means of a suction or evacuation fan 8 and from the opposite side of which air leaks in along the shaft 1 from the chamber II, which chamber is supplied with atmospheric air entering through the line shown at 9. This assures a stream of air toward the bearing through the edges of the seal at sealing point 4 which prevents oil from leaking past at this point.
  • Dry sealing air under above-atmospheric pressure is "ice supplied to the chamber III through a line 10. Part of this air flows into chamber II at atmospheric pressure and part flows into the chamber IV from which air and steam from chamber 2 are withdrawn through a line 11 leading to a leakage condenser 12. From here the D 0 steam is led away through a line 13 while air saturated with D 0 steam is led to a pre-dryer 14 from which D 0 is carried away through a line 15. From here the medium is led through a final dryer 16 which, in the arrangement shown in the drawing, can be a rotary air dryer of the absorption type. Dry air is sucked from the dryer 16 by a fan 17 through the line 10 and delivered into the chamber III.
  • air from line 10 is returned to the suction side of the fan through a return line 18, provided with a valve 19, controlled by the pressure in line 10.
  • the pressure in line 10 beyond the fan can thus be kept constant.
  • the pressure on the suction side of the fan in line 10 can also be kept constant due to the fact that air evacuated by the fan 8 through sealing points 4 and 5 is replaced with air supplied to the line 10 through line 20 which is provided with a dryer 21.
  • the pressure on the suction side of the fan 17 in line 10 is kept constant by means of a regulating valve 22 which is controlled by the pressure in the leakage condenser 12.
  • the return air may be heated, or at least a part of it can be heated, by means of a heater connected into the line 18 from which it is led through the dryer 16.
  • a heater is shown at 23 and it serves to absorb the moisture given off in the dryer by the medium in the line 10. From the dryer the medium is returned to the line 10 by way of the predryer 14.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Description

Feb. 7, 1967 c. B. OLESEN 3,302,951
METHOD FOR SEALING A TURBINE OR COMPRESSOR SHAFT Filed Jan. 26, 1965 23 x1) 70 muuuu l 2\ i w /4 /5 E I i #43 J INVENTOR. UarsZeroBaZsZev 02am ERlC Y. MUNSON dizorlg United States Patent 3,302,951 METHOD FOR SEALING A TURBINE OR COMPRESSOR SHAFT Carsten llalslev Olesen, Finspang, Sweden, asslgnor to Stal-Laval Turbin AB, Finspang, Sweden, :1 corporation of Sweden Filed Jan. 26, 1965, Ser. No. 428,165 Claims priority, application Sweden, Mar. 31, 1964, 3,953/64 2 Claims. (Cl. 2771) This invention relates to a method for sealing a turbine or compressor shaft, an example of which is disclosed in my co-pending application for patent Serial No. 282; 781, filed May 23, 1962, now Patent No. 3,235,269.
In said application is disclosed a means and method for sealing a turbine or compressor shaft by means of an arrangement located between a chamber containing vapour of, for example heavy water (D 0) and a bearing, and it comprises a series of sealing glands, separated from each other by chambers. The described arrangement is such that air at atmospheric pressure is admitted to one of the chambers, and air mixed with oil, formed by oil leaking from the bearing to another of the chambers in one direction along the shaft, and by atmospheric air leaking from the first chamber in the other direction, is withdrawn by a fan, thereby maintaining a pressure lower than atmospheric in the secondmentioned chamber.
The present invention is characterized by the fact that in a line extending to one of the chambers, the air pressure from a fan in said line is kept constant due to the fact that a part of the air is returned to the suction side of the fan through a return line provided with a pressure-controlled regulating valve, and in addition, the pressure on the suction side is kept constant by supplying atmospheric air through a line provided with a regulating valve which is controlled by the pressure on the suction side. This provides a system of control which can maintain a constant pressure in several of the chambers with different flow rates through seals arranged around the shaft, that is, a very stable control is provided which makes it possible to supply the shaft seal with the quantities of sealing air required by the leakage variations due to changes in the clearance at the edges of the seal, at constant line pressure before and after the fan.
The view shown in the accompanying drawing diagrammatically illustrates a shaft-sealing means for sealing a shaft in accordance with the present invention.
Referring to the drawing, there is therein shown a shaft 1 for a turbine which, for example, operates on D 0 steam. A steam chamber in the turbine is designated at 2. The shaft 1 is carried in a bearing shown at 3. Between the chamber 2 and the bearing 3 is a shaft seal which surrounds the shaft 1 with a plurality of sealing points designated respectively at 4, 5, 6 and 7, the same being separated or spaced apart by means of the chambers I, II, III and IV.
Oil from the bearing 3 is sprayed into the chamber I, wherein a vacuum is maintained by means of a suction or evacuation fan 8 and from the opposite side of which air leaks in along the shaft 1 from the chamber II, which chamber is supplied with atmospheric air entering through the line shown at 9. This assures a stream of air toward the bearing through the edges of the seal at sealing point 4 which prevents oil from leaking past at this point.
Dry sealing air under above-atmospheric pressure is "ice supplied to the chamber III through a line 10. Part of this air flows into chamber II at atmospheric pressure and part flows into the chamber IV from which air and steam from chamber 2 are withdrawn through a line 11 leading to a leakage condenser 12. From here the D 0 steam is led away through a line 13 while air saturated with D 0 steam is led to a pre-dryer 14 from which D 0 is carried away through a line 15. From here the medium is led through a final dryer 16 which, in the arrangement shown in the drawing, can be a rotary air dryer of the absorption type. Dry air is sucked from the dryer 16 by a fan 17 through the line 10 and delivered into the chamber III.
After passing from the fan 17, air from line 10 is returned to the suction side of the fan through a return line 18, provided with a valve 19, controlled by the pressure in line 10. The pressure in line 10 beyond the fan can thus be kept constant. The pressure on the suction side of the fan in line 10 can also be kept constant due to the fact that air evacuated by the fan 8 through sealing points 4 and 5 is replaced with air supplied to the line 10 through line 20 which is provided with a dryer 21. The pressure on the suction side of the fan 17 in line 10 is kept constant by means of a regulating valve 22 which is controlled by the pressure in the leakage condenser 12.
If the leakage in the seal 5 increases due to wear at the edges of the seal, the air flow in the line 10 to chamber III will increase. This acts to throttle the valve 19 and the pressure in the leakage condenser 12 drops, which in turn means that the valve 22 opens to admit atmospheric air. If the leakage through seal 6 to chamber IV increases, the air flow in line 10 to chamber III increases. This acts to throttle the valve 19. The pressure in the leakage condenser 12 rises as more air is supplied through the line 11, but less air flow through line 18 results in an unchanged flow through the valve 22.
As shown on the drawing, the return air may be heated, or at least a part of it can be heated, by means of a heater connected into the line 18 from which it is led through the dryer 16. Such a heater is shown at 23 and it serves to absorb the moisture given off in the dryer by the medium in the line 10. From the dryer the medium is returned to the line 10 by way of the predryer 14.
Having thus described an embodiment of the invention, it is obvious that the same is not be restricted thereto, but is broad enough to cover all structures coming within the scope of the annexed claims.
What I claim is:
1. The method of sealing a turbine or compressor shaft by means of a sealing arrangement located between a chamber containing vapour and a bearing, and comprising the use of a series of sealing glands, which sealing glands are separated from one another by chambers I, II, III and IV in sequence from the bearing and located around the shaft, characterized in that air at atmospheric pressure is admitted to the chamber II and that air mixed with oil formed by oil leaking into the chamber I in one direction along the shaft from the bearing, and by atmospheric air leaking from the chamber II in the opposite direction, is withdrawn by a fan, maintaining a pressure lower than atmospheric in the chamber I, admitting dry blocking air into the chamber III at a pressure higher than atmospheric and which air leaks along the shaft partly to the chamber II and partly to the chamber IV, the pressure in the line leading to chamber III being kept constant due to the fact that a part of the air is returned to the suction side of a sec- "2 a and fan through a return line provided with a pressurecontrolled regulating valve, and in addition the pressure on the suction side is kept constant by supplying atmospheric air through a line provided with a regulating valve which is controlled by pressure on the suction side. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the return air or at least a part of it is heated and passes through an air dryer such as a rotary air dryer of the absorption type which absorbs moisture given off by air flowing through the air dryer to the fan.
References Cited by the Exarm'ner UNITED STATES PATENTS Van RijsWijk 27712 XR Cuny 277-3 Cuny 277--15 Warth 277-12 XR Olesen 2771 SAMUEL ROTHB'ERG, Primary Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF SEALING A TURBINE OR COMPRESSOR SHAFT BY MEANS OF A SEALING ARRANGEMENT LOCATED BETWEEN A CHAMBER CONTAINING VAPOUR AND A BEARING, AND COMPRISING THE USE OF A SERIES OF SEALING GLANDS, WHICH SEALING GLANDS ARE SEPARATED FROM ONE ANOTHER BY CHAMBERS I, II, III AND IV IN SEQUENCE FROM THE BEARING AND LOCATED AROUND THE SHAFT, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT AIR AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS ADMITTED TO THE CHAMBER II AND THAT AIR MIXED WITH OIL FORMED BY OIL LEAKING INTO THE CHAMBER I IN ONE DIRECTION ALONG THE SHAFT FROM THE BEARING, AND BY ATMOSPHERIC AIR LEAKING FROM THE CHAMBER II IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION, IS WITHDRAWN BY A FAN, MAINTAINING A PRESSURE LOWER THAN ATMOSPHERIC IN THE CHAMBER I, ADMITTING DRY BLOCKING AIR INTO THE CHAMBER III AT A PRESSURE HIGHER THAN ATMOSPHERIC AND WHICH AIR LEAKS ALONG THE SHAFT PARTLY TO THE CHAMBER II AND PARTLY TO THE CHAMBER IV, THE PRESSURE IN THE LINE LEADING TO CHAMBER III BEING KEPT CONSTANT DUE TO THE FACT THAT A PART OF THE AIR IS RETURNED TO THE SUCTION SIDE OF A SECOND FAN THROUGH A RETURN LINE PROVIDED WITH A PRESSURECONTROLLED REGULATING VALVE, AND IN ADDITION THE PRESSURE ON THE SUCTION SIDE IS KEPT CONSTANT BY SUPPLYING ATMOSPHERIC AIR THROUGH A LINE PROVIDED WITH A REGULATING VALVE WHICH IS CONTROLLED BY PRESSURE ON THE SUCTION SIDE.
US428165A 1964-03-31 1965-01-26 Method for sealing a turbine or compressor shaft Expired - Lifetime US3302951A (en)

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3420434A (en) * 1966-12-30 1969-01-07 Judson S Swearingen Rotary compressors and systems employing same using compressor gas as seal gas
US3734580A (en) * 1971-06-22 1973-05-22 Gen Electric Split sleeve bearing with integral seals
US3919854A (en) * 1973-03-14 1975-11-18 Technip Cie Gas sealing assembly
US3959973A (en) * 1974-05-22 1976-06-01 Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited Apparatus for controlling steam blocking at stuffing boxes for steam turbine shafting
US4189156A (en) * 1978-06-08 1980-02-19 Carrier Corporation Seal system for a turbomachine employing working fluid in its liquid phase as the sealing fluid
US4362463A (en) * 1980-02-06 1982-12-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Movable blade pump
US4522136A (en) * 1983-12-01 1985-06-11 Union Special Corporation Method and apparatus for retarding oil leakage in a sewing machine
DE4041965A1 (en) * 1990-12-24 1992-07-02 Siegfried Stargard Packing fluid seal between high and low pressure zone in relatively moving components - has annular grooves and pressure reducing pipes
US6318958B1 (en) 1998-08-21 2001-11-20 Alliedsignal, Inc. Air turbine starter with seal assembly
US6330790B1 (en) 1999-10-27 2001-12-18 Alliedsignal, Inc. Oil sump buffer seal
US6623238B2 (en) 1998-08-21 2003-09-23 Honeywell International, Inc. Air turbine starter with seal assembly
EP1619355A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-01-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bearing and seal arrangement in a steam turbine
US20070021752A1 (en) * 2005-07-25 2007-01-25 Rogers William G Motorized surgical handpiece
US7544039B1 (en) 2006-06-14 2009-06-09 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Dual spool shaft with intershaft seal
US20130081373A1 (en) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-04 General Electric Company Power plant
US9803639B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2017-10-31 Ghh-Rand Schraubenkompressoren Gmbh Sectional sealing system for rotary screw compressor

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0577908B1 (en) * 1992-07-10 1995-09-06 Ansaldo Energia S.P.A. A process for sealing the rotor of a turbine which uses wet geothermal steam
US7938874B2 (en) * 2008-12-05 2011-05-10 Dresser-Rand Company Driven separator for gas seal panels

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1867236A (en) * 1926-05-03 1932-07-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gas sealed gland
US2650116A (en) * 1948-02-23 1953-08-25 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Fluid sealing gland
US2903280A (en) * 1956-06-01 1959-09-08 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Device for sealing moving parts of gas-filled machines
US3003321A (en) * 1955-01-31 1961-10-10 English Electric Co Ltd Steam turbines
US3235269A (en) * 1962-09-05 1966-02-15 Stal Laval Turbin Ab Method of sealing a turbine or compressor shaft

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1867236A (en) * 1926-05-03 1932-07-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gas sealed gland
US2650116A (en) * 1948-02-23 1953-08-25 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Fluid sealing gland
US3003321A (en) * 1955-01-31 1961-10-10 English Electric Co Ltd Steam turbines
US2903280A (en) * 1956-06-01 1959-09-08 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Device for sealing moving parts of gas-filled machines
US3235269A (en) * 1962-09-05 1966-02-15 Stal Laval Turbin Ab Method of sealing a turbine or compressor shaft

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3420434A (en) * 1966-12-30 1969-01-07 Judson S Swearingen Rotary compressors and systems employing same using compressor gas as seal gas
US3734580A (en) * 1971-06-22 1973-05-22 Gen Electric Split sleeve bearing with integral seals
US3919854A (en) * 1973-03-14 1975-11-18 Technip Cie Gas sealing assembly
US3959973A (en) * 1974-05-22 1976-06-01 Bbc Brown Boveri & Company Limited Apparatus for controlling steam blocking at stuffing boxes for steam turbine shafting
US4189156A (en) * 1978-06-08 1980-02-19 Carrier Corporation Seal system for a turbomachine employing working fluid in its liquid phase as the sealing fluid
US4362463A (en) * 1980-02-06 1982-12-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Movable blade pump
US4522136A (en) * 1983-12-01 1985-06-11 Union Special Corporation Method and apparatus for retarding oil leakage in a sewing machine
DE4041965A1 (en) * 1990-12-24 1992-07-02 Siegfried Stargard Packing fluid seal between high and low pressure zone in relatively moving components - has annular grooves and pressure reducing pipes
US6318958B1 (en) 1998-08-21 2001-11-20 Alliedsignal, Inc. Air turbine starter with seal assembly
US6623238B2 (en) 1998-08-21 2003-09-23 Honeywell International, Inc. Air turbine starter with seal assembly
US6330790B1 (en) 1999-10-27 2001-12-18 Alliedsignal, Inc. Oil sump buffer seal
EP1619355A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-01-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bearing and seal arrangement in a steam turbine
WO2006008235A1 (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-01-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bearing and sealing arrangement in a steam turbine
US20070021752A1 (en) * 2005-07-25 2007-01-25 Rogers William G Motorized surgical handpiece
US7597699B2 (en) 2005-07-25 2009-10-06 Rogers William G Motorized surgical handpiece
US7544039B1 (en) 2006-06-14 2009-06-09 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Dual spool shaft with intershaft seal
US20130081373A1 (en) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-04 General Electric Company Power plant
US9297277B2 (en) * 2011-09-30 2016-03-29 General Electric Company Power plant
US9803639B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2017-10-31 Ghh-Rand Schraubenkompressoren Gmbh Sectional sealing system for rotary screw compressor

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Publication number Publication date
GB1021410A (en) 1966-03-02
DE1957598U (en) 1967-03-23

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