US3302141A - Alternating current sensitive relay - Google Patents

Alternating current sensitive relay Download PDF

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Publication number
US3302141A
US3302141A US322603A US32260363A US3302141A US 3302141 A US3302141 A US 3302141A US 322603 A US322603 A US 322603A US 32260363 A US32260363 A US 32260363A US 3302141 A US3302141 A US 3302141A
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Prior art keywords
magnetic circuit
blade
relay
vibrating element
flux
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Expired - Lifetime
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US322603A
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English (en)
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Mayer Ferdy
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
    • H01H50/42—Auxiliary magnetic circuits, e.g. for maintaining armature in, or returning armature to, position of rest, for damping or accelerating movement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/02—Fuel elements
    • G21C3/04—Constructional details
    • G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/30—Electromagnetic relays specially adapted for actuation by ac
    • H01H51/32—Frequency relays; Mechanically-tuned relays
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the present invention has for its object an alternating current relay adapted to effect an accumulation of the available power in order to achieve, after this integration, a discharge for producing a forceful mechanical triggering.
  • One relay according to this invention comprises a magnetic circuit equipped with an electrical excitation circuit adapted to conduct an alternating detector current, a resonator coupled to the magnetic circuit and tuned to the frequency of the current, capturing means responsive to a predetermined minimum input signal, or threshold, level and adapted to capture the energy accumulated in the resonator when the amplitude of its vibrations exceeds the predetermined signal level, and a trigger adapted to be activated by the energy thus captured.
  • the resonator begins to vibrate at it resonant frequency with a constantly increasing amplitude.
  • an abrupt discharge occurs through the capturing means, which discharge then causes the trigger to come into action and to produce a triggering action at the required energy level when supplied by an appropriate source.
  • FIGURE 1 is a partly pictorial, cross-sectional View of a sensitive relay of the polarized type according to the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a circuit diagram of a sensing relay according to the present invention using an electronic resonator
  • FIGURE 3 indicates the growth of the amplitudes of the electrical and mechanical vibrations in the devices of FIGURES 1 and 2, respectively;
  • FIGURE 4 is a partly pictorial, cross-sectional view of a sensing relay according to the present invention of the magnetostrictive bi-rnetallic blade type;
  • FIGURE 5 is a partly schematic, cross-sectional view of a differential current relay according to the present invention.
  • FIGURE 6 is a partly schematic, cross-sectional view of an over-voltage relay according to the present invention.
  • FIGURE 7 is a partly schematic, cross-sectional view of a frequency sensing relay according to the present invention.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a permanently polarized relay in which a vibrating blade 1, which is made of a magnetic metal and which is tuned to the frequency of the detector current to which its is to respond, has one end rigidly fastened in a heavy base 2 which also constitutes the magnetic circuit of the unit.
  • This circuit is polarized by the permanent magnet 3, which can be arranged in numerous ways (e.g., on the sides of base 2, in two halves, etc.), according to the standard techniques for constructing polarized relays or direct current torque motors.
  • This magnet produces a permanent flux from the left-hand half to the right-hand half of the magnetic circuit, through both the upper and lower cross-members thereof.
  • a detector current applied to the winding 4 causes an alternating flux to pass through the blade and to cause the blade to begin vibrating in synchronism with the current alternations.
  • F the polarization flux delivered by magnet 3 in maxwells
  • F the alternating flux induced by winding 4 in maxwells
  • S the surface of the pole-pieces in cm.
  • the blade When a certain vibration amplitude has been reached (for example 1 to 3 mm.) the blade will enter into the field of influence of a small magnet 5 producing a field The blade is then attracted sharply by this small magnet with a force which may reach, at the end of the deflection travel of the blade, several hundred grams. As it approaches magnet 5, the blade 1 actuates a mechanical triggering system 6 which can be of any well-known type and which is armed to trigger the opening or closing of several power control contacts 7 through the action of the force produced by the release of the tensed spring 8.
  • a mechanical triggering system 6 which can be of any well-known type and which is armed to trigger the opening or closing of several power control contacts 7 through the action of the force produced by the release of the tensed spring 8.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a diagram of one form of analogous electrical device made according to the present invention.
  • the power delivered by an electrical voltage which corresponds to the control signal applied across terminals 9 excites an oscillating tank circuit 10 through an inductive coupling provided by an autotransformer.
  • Tank circuit 10 is designed to resonate at the frequency of the voltage applied across terminals 9.
  • a second circuit, connected across the output of oscillator 10, comprises a threshold detector and energy capturing device 11 comprising, for example an npnp diode, and the coil 12 of an ordinary triggering relay.
  • a threshold detector and energy capturing device 11 comprising, for example an npnp diode, and the coil 12 of an ordinary triggering relay.
  • the power available at the output of circuit 10 may become as much as 100 to 1000 times greater than the instantaneous power available across terminals 9.
  • the threshold level of the element 11 When the Voltage across circuit 10 reaches the threshold level of the element 11, the latter becomes conductive and permits a powerful aperiodic discharge of the energy stored in circuit 10 through the triggering relay coil 12.
  • FIGURE 3(a) indicates the growth of the mechanical oscillations of the relay blade 1 of FIGURE 1
  • FIG- URE 3(1) indicates the growth of the electrical voltage in the circuit 10 of FIGURE 2.
  • blade 1 starts vibrating at a constantly increasing amplitude.
  • a certain threshold amplitude A is reached at time t there is obtained, as indicated at 13, an attraction of the blade by the pulling or capturing magnet 5 to pull the blade to a position M situated at a distance d from the rest position of the blade.
  • the triggering of the diode 11 is obtained when a certain voltage level is reached, producing an aperiodic discharge through the relay 12, as indicated at 14 on FIGURE 3(b). It may thus been seen that the operation of the electromechanical device is completely analogous to that of the purely electrical device.
  • FIGURE 4 shows one embodiment of a sensitive relay according to the invention of the type employing a bimetallic magnetostrict-ive blade, which embodiment constitutes one possible modification of the embodiment of FIGURE 1.
  • This device contains elements which are similar to those shown in FIGURE 1, with the exception that the blade 1a is a magnetostrictive bimetal which is mechanically tuned to resonate at the frequency of the excitation signal applied to winding 4a.
  • the alternation of the direction of the alternating flux through the blade produces a variation in length (through magnetostricti-on) which has a different value for each of the two different metals, so that a deflexion is produced.
  • FIGURE 5 shows one embodiment of a differential sensitive relay, constituting one type of application for the devices previously described.
  • the terminals 15 feed a utilization device 16 through a differential toroid 1-7, the toroid feeding a relay 18 which controls a circuit breaker 19.
  • a differential flux appears which actuates the relay 18, causing the relay to then disconnect the installation 16 through the opening of circuit breaker 19.
  • The-re is thus easily obtained with a relay-triggerin g system which is both robust and insensible to shocks, a differential current sensitivity of 10 ma.
  • the toroid '17 is of very simple construction, being for-med of only a few turns. It would even be possible to achieve a further simplification by placing all of the differential input windings directly on the coil of the relay 18.
  • FIGURE 6 shows one embodiment of an over-current relay.
  • the electrical excitation is produced by a voltage transformer 26 the secondary of which is connected to two diodes 27, of silicon for example, in series with the exciting winding. Excitation is only initiated when there is a peak voltage of 0.5 or 0.6 volt because this level must be attained before diodes 27 will conduct.
  • the device thus provides an extremely good stability with respect to the current level at which the installation will be disconnected.
  • Such an embodiment is, contrary to the situation with thermal bi-metallic blades, practically insensitive to temperature variation (below C.)
  • the relay '18 operates on the principle of energy accumulation, a relatively long triggering time passes before triggering when the desired current level is exceeded by a small amount. In other words, this arrangement combines the desirable characteristics of both thermal and magnetic circuit breakers.
  • over-voltage relays can be produced by utilising Zener diodes and by placing the excitation input in parallel across the power supply. Any other non-linear element or element with abrupt voltage characteristic (such as a saturated magnetic circuit, a tunneldiode, etc.) can also be used.
  • FIGURE 7 shows one form of highly sensitive relay having an extremely good frequency selectivity.
  • the example chosen corresponds to a remote control signalling or command device placed across the power supply 15, which device may be used for example, in a private home.
  • a signal having a very low power level and having a predetermined audio frequency (200 to 2000 cycles/sec.) is applied across terminals 15 and is subjected to a first frequency selection by a series resonant circuit 28.
  • the signal is then subjected to a second frequency selection by the tuning of the vibrating blade 1, all frequencies outside of the resonant frequency range of this blade being ineffective for producing a triggering action.
  • One is able to thus trigger, for example, a civilian air raid warning signal in a home, or even to alter the connections of a water heater for night rates.
  • a telemeter Utilizing several frequencies, with one such device being provided for each frequency, a telemeter can be created. By making interconnections (not shown) between the output contacts 7, and by using several devices tuned to different frequencies, one can produce true paging systems to call selected stations or to make multiple remote control commands.
  • FIGURES 5 to 7 can, naturally, be made, on the other hand, by suitable adaptations of the electrical embodiment of FIGURE 2.
  • the device of FIGURE 2 is shown as being excited by the control signal 9 through the intermediary of a magnetic coupling, one can also use direct or capacitive coupling to the inductance in circuit 10. The voltage produced across circuit 10, and consequently the final power amplification, is directly proportional to the circuit Q factor.
  • An alternating current sensitive relay comprising:
  • a resonator constituted by a mechanical vibrating element electromagnetically coupled to said magnetic circuit and tuned to resonate at a predetermined frequency under the influence of flux variations produced in said magnetic circuit by the excitation current for storing a portion of the energy supplied to said magnetic circuit by said excitation means, said storage being in the form of continuously increasing mechanical oscillations and said vibrating element being made of a magnetic material and forming a flux path with said magnetic circuit;
  • (1) capturing means including a permanent magnet disposed in the path of travel of said vibrating element and having a dimensionally small field which is substantially independent of the flux path defined by said magnetic circuit for attracting and holding said vibrating element when the amplitude of its oscillations has passed a predetermined minimum level; and (e) a mechanical trigger unit associated with said resonator to be activated by said vibrating element when said latter element has been thus attracted by said capturing means.
  • a relay as recited in claim 1 wherein said input for said excitation means comprises a tuned electronic filter which is tuned to pass signals having a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of said resonator.
  • a device as recited in claim 1 further comprising means for causing a permanent magnetic flux to circulate in said magnetic circuit.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
US322603A 1962-11-12 1963-11-12 Alternating current sensitive relay Expired - Lifetime US3302141A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR915058A FR1347117A (fr) 1962-11-12 1962-11-12 Relais sensible à courant alternatif

Publications (1)

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US3302141A true US3302141A (en) 1967-01-31

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US322603A Expired - Lifetime US3302141A (en) 1962-11-12 1963-11-12 Alternating current sensitive relay

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US (1) US3302141A (es)
BE (1) BE639725A (es)
DE (1) DE1248804B (es)
FR (1) FR1347117A (es)
GB (1) GB1070389A (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3506189A (en) * 1966-10-05 1970-04-14 Triumph Werke Nuernberg Ag Control magnet arrangement

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1205731A (en) * 1914-11-25 1916-11-21 Siemens Ag Relay.
US2120985A (en) * 1936-09-19 1938-06-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromagnetic device
DE691080C (de) * 1936-11-04 1940-05-16 Otto Muck Einrichtung zum Schalten eines Wechselstromkreises
US2475148A (en) * 1945-04-16 1949-07-05 Massa Frank Transducer means
US2486394A (en) * 1946-02-25 1949-11-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Selective relay
US2980841A (en) * 1956-12-26 1961-04-18 Honeywell Regulator Co Electrostrictive vibrator
FR1294445A (fr) * 1960-09-08 1962-05-26 Landis & Gyr Sa Transformateur électro-mécanique
FR1323673A (fr) * 1962-02-28 1963-04-12 Electronique Et D Automatique Dispositif de commande d'un relais de protection pour circuit d'alimentation électrique
US3135896A (en) * 1961-06-06 1964-06-02 Us Instr Corp Narrow band sensing circuit
US3187225A (en) * 1960-06-09 1965-06-01 Lab D Electronique & D Automat Control system for a relay protecting a feed circuit

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1205731A (en) * 1914-11-25 1916-11-21 Siemens Ag Relay.
US2120985A (en) * 1936-09-19 1938-06-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromagnetic device
DE691080C (de) * 1936-11-04 1940-05-16 Otto Muck Einrichtung zum Schalten eines Wechselstromkreises
US2475148A (en) * 1945-04-16 1949-07-05 Massa Frank Transducer means
US2486394A (en) * 1946-02-25 1949-11-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Selective relay
US2980841A (en) * 1956-12-26 1961-04-18 Honeywell Regulator Co Electrostrictive vibrator
US3187225A (en) * 1960-06-09 1965-06-01 Lab D Electronique & D Automat Control system for a relay protecting a feed circuit
FR1294445A (fr) * 1960-09-08 1962-05-26 Landis & Gyr Sa Transformateur électro-mécanique
US3135896A (en) * 1961-06-06 1964-06-02 Us Instr Corp Narrow band sensing circuit
FR1323673A (fr) * 1962-02-28 1963-04-12 Electronique Et D Automatique Dispositif de commande d'un relais de protection pour circuit d'alimentation électrique

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3506189A (en) * 1966-10-05 1970-04-14 Triumph Werke Nuernberg Ag Control magnet arrangement

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FR1347117A (fr) 1963-12-27
GB1070389A (en) 1967-06-01
DE1248804B (es)
BE639725A (es)

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