US3301740A - Air pervious composite fabric - Google Patents

Air pervious composite fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
US3301740A
US3301740A US28599863A US3301740A US 3301740 A US3301740 A US 3301740A US 28599863 A US28599863 A US 28599863A US 3301740 A US3301740 A US 3301740A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fabric
composite fabric
open
synthetic resin
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
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English (en)
Inventor
Stiehl Karl
Franz Heinrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Degussa GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degussa GmbH filed Critical Degussa GmbH
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Publication of US3301740A publication Critical patent/US3301740A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0092—Non-continuous polymer coating on the fibrous substrate, e.g. plastic dots on fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/12—Permeability or impermeability properties
    • D06N2209/121—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
    • D06N2211/10—Clothing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
    • D06N2211/12—Decorative or sun protection articles
    • D06N2211/14—Furniture, upholstery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/172—Coated or impregnated
    • Y10T442/178—Synthetic polymeric fiber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved composite fabric which is pervious to air or other gases and vapors, and is particularly suitable for upholstery material as well as decorative material and many other uses for which leather substitutes are employed, especially where air permeability or breathability is desired.
  • leather substitutes which do not have an impervious or continuous surface coating are already known.
  • the pliable synthetic resin coating on the fabric is rendered pervious to air with the aid of chemical assistants, such as, for example, swelling agents, blowing agents, or by admixing substances which in themselves are swellable, such as starch, cork and the like, with the coating composition.
  • a fur ther method of producing air permeable leather substitutes uses special coating apparatus which render it possible to produce discontinuous coatings, such as, for example, in the form of stripes or lattice work.
  • Such discontinuous coatings have the disadvantage that the synthetic resin coating upon being subjected to sharp bends, and particularly upon being subjected to repeated bending in use, such as, for example, upholstery material for automobile seats, breaks relatively easily and also may separate from the fabric base.
  • composite air permeable fabric which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above can be produced by joining a textile fabric base with fabric, the threads, strands or filaments of which are completely enveloped by a pliable synthetic resin by application of heat and pressure, the spacing or density of the synthetic resin envelop-ed threads, strands or filaments being such that upon being joined with the fabric base a finished composite fabric is provided having an air permeability, when measured according to German Industrial Standard DIN53334, of at least /2 liter per minute per 100 cm. of surface area at an air pressure differential of a 20 mm. water column.
  • the term thread will be used hereinafter not only to designate twisted or untwisted strands but also fibers and filaments.
  • the fabrics employed for both the base fabric and the resin coated fabric can be in the form of woven, knitted or felled fabrics, fleeces, or so-called weftless fabrics 0r unwoven fabrics which are a type of fleece in which the juxtapositioned threads are only joined together at spaced intervals with a bonding agent such as a synthetic resin.
  • the textile fabrics used as the base for the composite fabrics according to the invention can be those normally employed in the production of leather substitutes, such as cotton or rayon fabrics, as well as fabrics of other synthetic fibers, such as, for example, nylon, polyester (Dacron), polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, cross-linked polyvinyl chloride or polyvinylidene chloride and the like.
  • the threads of the fabrics used as the base will be rather closely associated but still such as to provide sufi'icient porosity that 3,301,740 Patented Jan. 31, 1967 when joined with the relatively open resin coated fabric the resulting composite fabric has the necessary air permeability.
  • the fabrics employed for the relatively open resin coated fabrics preferably at least are partially formed of synthetic fibers or filaments which, for example, are produced from such materials as linear polycarbonamides (nylon, Perlon and the like), polyesters (Dacron and the like), polyacrylonitriles (Acrylon, Dynel, Orlon and the like), uncross-linked or cross-linked polyvinyl chlorides and polyvinylidene chlorides, polyurethanes, polycarbonates and the like.
  • the spacing between the threads of the fabrics employed for the resin coated fabrics preferably is such as to provide a thread density (count) of about 2 to 12 threads per cm., for example, in the warp and weft, with threads of a denier between about 1000 and 100.
  • the thread density can expediently be selected between 2/2 and 7/7.
  • thinner threads of, for example, 250 or 210 denier a higher thread density of up to 12/ 12 can be employed.
  • the ratio of synthetic resin to fabric in the synthetic resin coated fabric can vary depending on the thickness of the fabric threads as well as the spacing therebet-ween and must, of course, be selected in such a way that after being joined with the base fabric a composite fabric is produced in which the resin presented at the surface thereof is sufficiently discontinuous to provide the necessary permeability to air. With very open fabrics the resin envelope can be relatively heavier (thicker) than with fabrics of less open structure.
  • the quantity of synthetic resin employed in eoating'the open fabric amounts to at least 25% by weight of the open fabric and at most about 300% of the weight thereof.
  • the quantity of resin is to 150% of the weight of the fabric coated therewith.
  • the pliable synthetic resins employed for embedment of the threads of the open fabric of the composite fabric preferably are of thermoplastic nature, especially plasticized polyvinyl chloride and copolymers of Vinyl chloride with vinylidene chloride. or vinyl acetate, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, as well as the copolymers of acrylates and methacrylates with vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, butadiene, styrene and the like.
  • other resins which are not pronounced thermoplastic resins such as,
  • cross-linked polyurethanes cross-linked polyvinyl chlo ride, vulcanizates of chlorobutadiene and of chlorosulfonated polyethylene or polypropylene or copolymers thereof.
  • vulcanized natural or synthetic rubber can be embloyed for coating the threads of the open fabric of the composite fabric.
  • vulcanization or cross-linking is not effected until the coated fabric has been applied to the surface of the fabric base. Before such vulcanization or I cross-linking the resins or rubbers in question are still thermoplastic.
  • pregelling of the resin is preferably effected before the coated fabric is joined with the fabric base. But if a volatile solvent has been added to reduce the viscosity thereof, the volatile solvent is first evaporated off and the remaining resin plasticizer mixture heated to effect pregelation on the threads of the open fabric.
  • the union between the resin coated open fabric and the fabric base is effected by the application of pressure and/ or heat.
  • the resin coated fabric can be calendered onto the fabric base while hot or it can be calendered on while cool or warm and subsequently heated to perfect the union, for example, by effecting complete gelation, cross-linking or vulcanization.
  • the fabric base can be colored red or gray and the resin colored white or some other contrasting color so that, for example, a composite fabric is obtained having a network of contrasting stripes on a gray or red background.
  • emboss the surface of the resin portion of the composite fabric can be elfected with the usual embossing calenders used in making leather substitutes.
  • portions of the surface of the resin portion of the composite fabric may have further contrasting colors printed thereon as such or in conjunction with the embossing operation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a top plan view of a composite fabric according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged cross-section of such composite Ifabric taken along line 22 of FIG. 1.
  • resin for example, plasticized polyvinyl chloride
  • Example I A woven netting of endless nylon fibers (thread strength 840 denier) with a thread count of 3/3 per cm. was dipped into a polyvinyl chloride plastisol (60% polyvinyl chloride, 40% dioctylphthalate) provided with a gray pigment and the excess plastisol stripped off. Immediately thereafter the thus coated netting was passed through a chamber heated to 170180 C. at such a rate that itv remained in such heated chamber for about 510 minutes to effect gelation of the plasticized polyvinyl chloride. The thus coated netting was then calendered at a pressure of about 9-10 atmospheres onto a cotton twill fabric base (250 g./m.
  • a polyvinyl chloride plastisol 50% polyvinyl chloride, 40% dioctylphthalate
  • the resulting composite fabric exhibited an air permeability of 150 liters per minute when measured according to DIN53334, and was excellently suited as upholstery material for automobile seats which, as is known, are subjected to extremely hard wear.
  • Example 2 parts by weight of a mixture of the following composition:
  • a woven netting of polyester fibers (thread strength 1000 denier, thread count 2.5/2.5 per cm.) was dipped once into such homogenized mixture and the excess was stripped off so that upon evaporation of the solvent the quantity of dry substance adhering to the netting was 75% by weight of the polyester netting.
  • the thus coated fabric while still slightly damp with solvent was applied with light pressure to a black woven cotton fabric base (thread count 27/20 per mm., yarn No. (metric) Nm 34/24), dried for 20 minutes at 80 C. and then vulcanized under light pressure for /2 hour at C.
  • the air permeability of the resulting composite fabric was 370 liters per minute per 100 cm. area at a pressure of 10 mm. water column.
  • Example 3 A woven netting of endless nylon fibers (thread strength 840 denier) with a thread count of 3/ 3 per cm. was dipped into a polyvinyl chloride plastisol (60% polyvinyl chloride, 40% dioctylphthalate) provided with a gray pigment and the excess plastisol stripped off. Immediately thereafter the thus coated netting was passed through a chamber heated to 180 C. at such a rate that it remained in such heated chamber for about 5l0 minutes to effect gel-ation of the plasticized polyvinyl chloride. The thus coated netting was then calendered at a pressure of about 9-10 atmospheres onto a dark red air pervious cotton fabric base (thread count 27/20 per om., yarn No.
  • the resulting composite fabric exhibited an air perme- Example 4 100 parts by weight of a mixture of the following composition:
  • a woven netting of nylon fibers was dipped into such mixture and dried for 20 minutes at 80 C. and again dipped into such mixture and then lightly pressed onto a fabric base (same as in Example 2) and vulcanized for 5 minutes at 110 C.
  • the air permeability of the resulting composite fabric was of the same order as that of Example 2.
  • a composite fabric comprising an air pervious fabric base (1) having at least one surface united with a superposed relatively open fabric (2) the threads of which are surrounded by a coating of pliable synthetic resin the thread count and coating of pliable synthetic resin of said open fabric (2) being such that such composite fabric has an air permeability of at least /2 liter per minute per cm. area at a pressure differential of 20 mm. water column said air pervious fabric base (11) having a substantially higher thread count than said relatively open fabric and being essentially uncoated by said pliable synthetic resin other than by that carried by the superposed relatively more open fabric (2) united therewith.
  • a composite fabric according to claim 1 in which the coating surrounding the threads of the relatively open fabric is betwen 25% and 300% by weight of such open fabric.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
US28599863 1962-06-06 1963-06-06 Air pervious composite fabric Expired - Lifetime US3301740A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED0024909 1962-06-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3301740A true US3301740A (en) 1967-01-31

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ID=7038345

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US28599863 Expired - Lifetime US3301740A (en) 1962-06-06 1963-06-06 Air pervious composite fabric

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3301740A (zh)
BE (1) BE631638A (zh)
GB (1) GB1010844A (zh)
NL (1) NL292033A (zh)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3486920A (en) * 1968-04-08 1969-12-30 Edward Peter Campbell Sington Process for backing textiles with rubber and resultant product
US3539433A (en) * 1963-10-10 1970-11-10 Chrysler Corp Fabric overlain with interstitially separated segments of thermoplastic material
US4300982A (en) * 1976-01-02 1981-11-17 Albany International Corp. Wet press felt
EP0067847B1 (en) * 1980-12-29 1990-06-06 The Boeing Company Auxiliary power unit scoop and inlet
US4935293A (en) * 1988-10-25 1990-06-19 Unifi, Inc. Continuous multi-filament polyester substrate readily adherable to a vinyl sheet
US5043208A (en) * 1988-10-25 1991-08-27 Unifi, Inc. Continuous multi-filament polyester substrate readily adherable to a vinyl sheet
US5063108A (en) * 1988-10-25 1991-11-05 Unifi, Inc. Continuous multi-filament polyester substrate readily adherable to a vinyl sheet
US20070123123A1 (en) * 2005-11-25 2007-05-31 Guffey James V Anti insect screening
US20110120001A1 (en) * 2008-07-30 2011-05-26 Basf Se Insecticide-impregnated nets and use thereof for protecting against pests

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2268616A (en) * 1939-10-24 1942-01-06 Du Pont Article of apparel
US2673824A (en) * 1949-08-26 1954-03-30 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Process of producing vapor permeable fluid repellent fabrics
US2798820A (en) * 1953-01-12 1957-07-09 Us Rubber Co Breathable striped upholstery fabric

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2268616A (en) * 1939-10-24 1942-01-06 Du Pont Article of apparel
US2673824A (en) * 1949-08-26 1954-03-30 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Process of producing vapor permeable fluid repellent fabrics
US2798820A (en) * 1953-01-12 1957-07-09 Us Rubber Co Breathable striped upholstery fabric

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3539433A (en) * 1963-10-10 1970-11-10 Chrysler Corp Fabric overlain with interstitially separated segments of thermoplastic material
US3486920A (en) * 1968-04-08 1969-12-30 Edward Peter Campbell Sington Process for backing textiles with rubber and resultant product
US4300982A (en) * 1976-01-02 1981-11-17 Albany International Corp. Wet press felt
EP0067847B1 (en) * 1980-12-29 1990-06-06 The Boeing Company Auxiliary power unit scoop and inlet
US4935293A (en) * 1988-10-25 1990-06-19 Unifi, Inc. Continuous multi-filament polyester substrate readily adherable to a vinyl sheet
US5043208A (en) * 1988-10-25 1991-08-27 Unifi, Inc. Continuous multi-filament polyester substrate readily adherable to a vinyl sheet
US5063108A (en) * 1988-10-25 1991-11-05 Unifi, Inc. Continuous multi-filament polyester substrate readily adherable to a vinyl sheet
US20070123123A1 (en) * 2005-11-25 2007-05-31 Guffey James V Anti insect screening
US20110120001A1 (en) * 2008-07-30 2011-05-26 Basf Se Insecticide-impregnated nets and use thereof for protecting against pests
US9288978B2 (en) * 2008-07-30 2016-03-22 Basf Se Insecticide-impregnated nets and use thereof for protecting against pests

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE631638A (zh) 1900-01-01
NL292033A (zh) 1900-01-01
GB1010844A (en) 1965-11-24

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