US3301546A - Furnace construction - Google Patents

Furnace construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3301546A
US3301546A US349806A US34980664A US3301546A US 3301546 A US3301546 A US 3301546A US 349806 A US349806 A US 349806A US 34980664 A US34980664 A US 34980664A US 3301546 A US3301546 A US 3301546A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
brick
wall
face
furnace
shapes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US349806A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth W Hansen
Francis P Shonkwiler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Harbison Walker Refractories Co
Original Assignee
Harbison Walker Refractories Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Harbison Walker Refractories Co filed Critical Harbison Walker Refractories Co
Priority to US349806A priority Critical patent/US3301546A/en
Priority to AT166865A priority patent/AT283409B/de
Priority to GB8406/65A priority patent/GB1024140A/en
Priority to FR7289A priority patent/FR1425777A/fr
Priority to NL6502873A priority patent/NL6502873A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3301546A publication Critical patent/US3301546A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0018—Producing metal-clad stones, such as oven stones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/06—Crowns or roofs for combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F27D1/06—Composite bricks or blocks, e.g. panels, modules
    • F27D1/08—Bricks or blocks with internal reinforcement or metal backing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the construction of furnace linings-in particular open hearth sidewalls and like vertical or upright portions of metallurgical furnaces, to novel refractory units with which to construct such furnace linings-which units provide for simplified installation and improved compensation for expansion of these furnace walls when operated at elevated tempera-tures, and provides this compensation, over an extended lperiod of furnace use, t
  • dynamic is meant active accommodation over an extended period as contrasted to Vinitial accommodation.
  • furnace lining construction which compensates for wear back of brick, with commensurate movement of hot face towards cold face, as a furnace campaign proceeds.
  • a plurality of elongate brick of substantially uniform cross sectional dimension from intended cold end to intended hot end. Bothl such ends thus are'identical and, ⁇ as contrasted to prior arrangements, simplify construction of linings.
  • the brick are, preferably, burned basic brick of the magnesia-chrome ore type, having about 70% magnesia and about 30% chrome ore.
  • a metal sheath substantially covers at least three, but preferably all four, of the long sides o-f the basic refractory shape. Each end of the metal sheath covering two only of adjacent intersecting long -faces of the refractory shane has substantially identical crimps formed therethrough.
  • crimps in a given brick sheath contact planar faces of two adjacent brick, i.e. two long faces having no crimps.
  • a plurality of interconnected, substantially open, L-shaped passages are thereby formed at regular intenvals through the wall. These passages are of substantially uniform dimension from cold face to hot face before lfurnace operation.
  • all of the brick in a wall, constructed according to this invention have their rear or cold ends floating, as it were, with respect to each other; and there is a dynamic, that is, active and continual, accommodation to changing dimensional gradient, as brick which make up the wall wear back during a furnace campaign.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the preferred brick construction according to this invention
  • FIG. 2 is an end View of a wall constructed of the brick of FIG. 1; 4
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevation of an upright orvertical course of brick in the wall of FIG. 2, indicative of the initial expansion of the hot face with commensurate thermal expansion of the forward end of the shapes in the wall;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the vertical course of brick of FIG. 3, as it appears later in a furnace campai-gn (when the hot face has worn back towards the cold face) and indicating provision of continued accommodation ⁇ for changing thermal gradient;
  • FIG. 5 is an alternative brick construction according to this invention.
  • FIG. 6 is still another alternative brick construction of a type usable in construction of open hearth roofs and the like.
  • a basic refractory shape or -brick 10 is shown in FIG. l as encompassed within two overlap-ping, substantially identical, U-shaped metal cases 11 and 12.
  • end 13 is considered the cold end or face and end 14 the lhot end or face.
  • FIG. 2 a plurality of the brick of FIG. l is sh-own assembled as in forming a portion of an upright open hearth endwall, for example.
  • the brick of FIG. l are square in cross section and symmetrical one end to the other, it makes no difference which end serves as the cold end or hot end in actual installation, thereby 4greatly easing the problem of the bricklayer.
  • two brick in the top row one having crimps 15 andV 18, and the next one having crimps 16 and 19 serving at the cold end.
  • crimps at a common end of a lgiven ⁇ brick always abut a flat or planar side surface of two adjacent brick.
  • the result is a free-floating wall, with open lpassages from hot face to cold face before furnace heatup.
  • the open network which extends from hot face to cold face as comprised of a plurality of interconnected L-shaped spaces or passages 25.
  • These L- shaped passages have a vertical and a lhorizontal leg. Aligned series of horizontal legs in vertical courses provide for vertical expansion and vertical legs in horizontal courses provided for horizontal expansion.
  • FIG. 3 (which is intended as schematically typical of any vertical course in the wall of FIG. 2), the wall of FIG. 2 is shown as it might appear shortly after heatup.
  • the hot end or face of the wall of FIG. 3 is designated 26 and the cold end or face 27, for purposes of explanation.
  • the crimps 19 are cornpressed because of thermal expansion of the hot face 26, while the rear crimps 18 remain substantially unaffected, assuring continued existence of the rear opening of the L-shaped passages 25.
  • FIG. 4 is schematically indicative of the wall of FIG. 3 at a latter stage in a furnace campaign.
  • the hot face 26 is shown closer to the cold face 27, because of wearing away of hot ends of brick which make up the wall.
  • the rear crimps 18 are shown somewhat compressed, because of the changing position of load or wall weight due to a new dimensional gradient, 4but they still vmaintain open L-shaped passa-ges adjacent the cold face 27.
  • FIGS. l through 4 With the construction of FIGS. l through 4, we have shown and discussed brick or shapes which are square in cross section from one end to the other. Of course, brick of alternative cross sectional configurations can be fabricated using the concepts of this invention. Howeve r, it is preferable that there 'be substantially uniform cross sectional dimension from one end to the other.
  • FIG. 5 Such an alternative construction is FIG. 5, in which a refractory block 30 is shown encased within a pair of substantially identical overlapping U-shaped metal cases 31 and 32.
  • the outer case 32 has the crimps formed in it. These crimps are formed at each end of the brick through two adjacent and intersecting sides of the case.
  • the web portion 33 of the case which extends between case legs 34 and 35 has a pair of crimps 36 andl 37 formed at one end, with a symmetrical pair of crimps 38 and 39 formed at the other end.
  • the case side leg 35 has symmetrical crimps 40 and 41 formed at opposite ends.
  • FIG. 6 is still another construction utilizing the concepts of this invention, in which a refractory block 50 is ⁇ provided with a pair of overlapping U-shaped metal cases 51 and 52, the case 52 having cri-mps formed according to the concepts of this invention. These are: crimps 53 and 54 in the web portion 55 of case 52, and crimps 56 and 57 in the leg'58 of the case 52.
  • a generally L-shaped aperture, depression, or what have you, 60 is Formed through the top of the refractory block 50.
  • An exemplary T-shaped hanger, with which these brick can be used, can be found, for example, disclosed in the United States Patent No. 2,304,170 of Heuer. While we have herein disclosed this exemplary han-ger arrangement, brick construction according to this invention is applicable to practically any of the many other conventional suspending arrangements.
  • the present inventionv represents a departure from the prior art premise that expansion allowance is necessary or must be provided at the hot face.
  • the present invention provides physical means for dynamic accommodation of expansion at both the hot face and cold face, whereby changing dimensional gradients, during an extended furnace canpaign, can be accommodated.
  • the metal cases shown in the various drawings are preferably physically attachedl to, or held in place by, the respective encompassed refractory shapes.
  • the manner in which they are attached is not too important, and can be of any of a variety of different ways. For example, one can punch ears through the cases into the body of the brick. Dimples can be pressed through the cases into preformed depressions in the brick body.
  • a metallurgical furnace lining or Wall at least a portion of which is constructed of a plurality of substantially identical refractory shapes, said shapes having intersecting plan-ar side surfaces extending between two opposed faces, each shape having an -oxidizable case extending substantially from one face to another over at least two intersecing adjacent side surfaces, said shapes being substantially uniform in cross section from one face to the other, there being at least one expansion crimp formed at each end -of each of the portions of the metal cases covering said adjacent side surfaces, all crimps in each .shape being contiguously positioned adjacent a fiat side surface of -an adjacent shape, said wall thereby characterized by a plurality of interconnected generally L-shaped passages of uniform dimension from one side of the wall to the other before furnace heatup.
  • each of said shapes has means adjacent one face arranged to cooperate with hanger 4means for suspension to form a furnace roof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
US349806A 1964-03-06 1964-03-06 Furnace construction Expired - Lifetime US3301546A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US349806A US3301546A (en) 1964-03-06 1964-03-06 Furnace construction
AT166865A AT283409B (de) 1964-03-06 1965-02-25 Auskleidung oder Wand für einen metallurgischen Ofen
GB8406/65A GB1024140A (en) 1964-03-06 1965-02-26 Metal-cased refractory brick
FR7289A FR1425777A (fr) 1964-03-06 1965-02-26 Four
NL6502873A NL6502873A (de) 1964-03-06 1965-03-05

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US349806A US3301546A (en) 1964-03-06 1964-03-06 Furnace construction

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3301546A true US3301546A (en) 1967-01-31

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US349806A Expired - Lifetime US3301546A (en) 1964-03-06 1964-03-06 Furnace construction

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3301546A (de)
AT (1) AT283409B (de)
FR (1) FR1425777A (de)
GB (1) GB1024140A (de)
NL (1) NL6502873A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3832478A (en) * 1973-12-05 1974-08-27 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method for preventing early damage to furnace refractory shapes
DE3013561A1 (de) * 1979-04-10 1980-10-23 Gen Refractories Co Feuerfester koerper und verfahren zum abdecken der kalten stirnflaeche eines feuerfesten steines
US5259758A (en) * 1992-11-25 1993-11-09 Wisconsin Oven Corporation Industrial oven with expandable surfaces

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT392998B (de) * 1989-08-24 1991-07-25 Bayerwald Fensterfabrik Altbuc Tuer mit einem umlaufenden tragenden holzrahmen
CN106493855B (zh) * 2016-09-28 2019-01-25 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 一种梁板侧面外伸筋留置方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2216813A (en) * 1937-08-30 1940-10-08 Goldschmidt Victor Moritz Metal cased refractory
US2606017A (en) * 1949-02-05 1952-08-05 Levi S Longenecker Furnace roof and wall structure
US2736187A (en) * 1956-02-28 Composite furnace block
AT191447B (de) * 1954-06-22 1957-08-26 Oesterr Amerikan Magnesit Verfahren zur mörtellosen Vermauerung von feuerfesten Steinen unter Verwendung von körperfesten Zwischenlagen und Zwischenlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
CA620003A (en) * 1961-05-09 G. Samuel Donald Refractory unit for furnace-lining construction
CA660572A (en) * 1963-04-02 N. Hall Horace Refractory brick and furnace construction

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2736187A (en) * 1956-02-28 Composite furnace block
CA620003A (en) * 1961-05-09 G. Samuel Donald Refractory unit for furnace-lining construction
CA660572A (en) * 1963-04-02 N. Hall Horace Refractory brick and furnace construction
US2216813A (en) * 1937-08-30 1940-10-08 Goldschmidt Victor Moritz Metal cased refractory
US2606017A (en) * 1949-02-05 1952-08-05 Levi S Longenecker Furnace roof and wall structure
AT191447B (de) * 1954-06-22 1957-08-26 Oesterr Amerikan Magnesit Verfahren zur mörtellosen Vermauerung von feuerfesten Steinen unter Verwendung von körperfesten Zwischenlagen und Zwischenlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3832478A (en) * 1973-12-05 1974-08-27 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method for preventing early damage to furnace refractory shapes
DE3013561A1 (de) * 1979-04-10 1980-10-23 Gen Refractories Co Feuerfester koerper und verfahren zum abdecken der kalten stirnflaeche eines feuerfesten steines
US4261154A (en) * 1979-04-10 1981-04-14 General Refractories Company Method and an external plating arrangement for sealing off the cold end of a refractory brick
US5259758A (en) * 1992-11-25 1993-11-09 Wisconsin Oven Corporation Industrial oven with expandable surfaces
US5303660A (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-04-19 Wisconsin Oven Corporation Industrial oven with expandable surfaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6502873A (de) 1965-09-07
AT283409B (de) 1970-08-10
FR1425777A (fr) 1966-01-24
GB1024140A (en) 1966-03-30

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