US3298905A - Tapered manifold type stock distributor for a papermaking machine - Google Patents

Tapered manifold type stock distributor for a papermaking machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3298905A
US3298905A US367366A US36736664A US3298905A US 3298905 A US3298905 A US 3298905A US 367366 A US367366 A US 367366A US 36736664 A US36736664 A US 36736664A US 3298905 A US3298905 A US 3298905A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
flow
blending chamber
chamber
tubes
blending
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US367366A
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English (en)
Inventor
Aris C Spengos
Richard B Kaiser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kimberly Clark Tissue Co
Original Assignee
Scott Paper Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scott Paper Co filed Critical Scott Paper Co
Priority to US367366A priority Critical patent/US3298905A/en
Priority to GB19931/65A priority patent/GB1089052A/en
Priority to SE06194/65A priority patent/SE327892B/xx
Priority to ES0312894A priority patent/ES312894A1/es
Priority to BE663876D priority patent/BE663876A/xx
Priority to DE19651461153 priority patent/DE1461153A1/de
Priority to FI1176/65A priority patent/FI44329B/fi
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3298905A publication Critical patent/US3298905A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/02—Head boxes of Fourdrinier machines
    • D21F1/024—Details of the feed chamber
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/02—Head boxes of Fourdrinier machines

Definitions

  • a common form of apparatus in this category may employ a tapered feed distribution tube, or header, communicating with a plurality of laterals, or branch tubes, spaced along the header and communicating at their opposite ends with a blending chamber, which is sometimes referred to as an explosion chamber.
  • This flow spreading system functions to first divide a single large flow of relatively low velocity into a plurality of higher velocity smaller flows spaced along a common plane, which flows are thereafter blended in flow passage means of the desired final width.
  • Such systems are in widespread use inpapermaking machines, but because prior systems have been more or less imperfect, it has been necessary to employ other means, such as deceleration chambers, rectifier rolls and flow boxes downstream of the flow spreader to achieve a truly uniform stream for papermaking purposes.
  • This invention embodies a new concept of flow spreader design which recognizes the existence of certain critical relationships between the dimensions and disposition of the several branch tubes and the configuration and dimensions of the blending chamber associated with these tubes.
  • flow spreading devices capable of producing a relatively wide fluid flow having a sufficiently uniform velocity profile to permit the flow of stock, for example, to be delivered directly from the flow spreader to a nozzle-type slice on a paper machine, thereby eliminating one or more elaborate flow evening devices heretofore employed between the spreader and the slice.
  • a further object of the invention is simplification of papermaking machinery through the provision of improved flow spreading apparatus which eliminates a number of other components of the paper machine heretofore considered essential for proper operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial view, in elevation and in section, of a papermaking machine embodying this invention
  • FIG. 2 is an end view, partially in section of the flow spreader'employed in the papermaking machine of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a portion of the flow spreader.
  • the papermaking machine illustrated in FIG. 1 is of the Fourdrinier type in which a traveling forming wire 11 is trained over a breast roll 12. Stock, a mixture of water and papermaking fibers, is deposited on the upper surface of the top run of wire 11 in such a manner that the water drains through, or is drawn through, the wire and the fibers :are retained on the wire in the form of a damp web.
  • Some machines are equipped with a breast roll which has cells 13 provided in the periphery thereof to facilitate drainage of water through the forming wire.
  • the well-known process of removing the damp paper web from the forming wire 11 and subsequently drying the web is performed by apparatus which is not shown in the drawing.
  • Forming wires 11 on papermaking machines may be up to 18 feet wide. If a machine is to produce a paper web of uniform thickness and appearance across its entire width, the stock delivered to the wire 11 must arrive in a stream which is flowing at an extremely uniform velocity across its width. Any variation in velocity across the width of the stream, and any cross-flow currents existing anywhere in the stream are likely to result in an uneven application of fibers to the wire 11 and the production of a non-uniform paper web.
  • the stock delivery system for the papermaking machine in FIG. 1 includes a nozzle-type slice 14 extending nearly the full width of forming wire 11 and designed to deposit stock onto the wire 11 substantially tangentially of the path of travel of the wire and at a velocity approximating the velocity of the wire.
  • Stock is conveyed to the vicinity of nozzle 14 from a remotely located pump (not shown) by means of a pipe 16 which, for practical reasons, is generally circular in cross section.
  • the relatively confined flow of stock in pipe 16 is transformed to the relatively wide and low height flow required for the nozzle 14 by means of a flow spreader indicated generally by the reference numeral 17.
  • Spreader 17 includes a tapered feed distributor tube, or header, 18 communicating at its larger end with delivery pipe 16.
  • the smaller end of header 18 communicates with a return pipe 19 through which :a portion of the stock flow from pipe 16 may be recirculated to the stock mixing and pumping portion of the papermaking machine.
  • Extending away from the tapered header 18 is a row of laterals, or branch tubes, 21 which communicate at their lower ends with upper regions of the header along the length of the header.
  • the row of tubes 21 extends for-a distance only slightly less than the width of nozzle 14 so that a flow can be provided of suflicient'width to supply the nozzle.
  • Blending of the individual flows from branch tubes 21 is effected in a blending chamber 22. It is a principal objective of this invention to provide a blending chamber 22 which is capable of developing a flow of sufficiently uniform velocity as to be deliverable directly to nozzle 14 by a simple connecting conduit 23. Although conduit 23 may be tapered slightly, as indicated in FIG. 1, in order to accelerate the stockflowing thereth-rough, additional flow evening devices, such as rectifier rolls and flow boxes are not required with the flow spreader of this invention.
  • blending chamber 22 is preferably rectangular in configuration and bounded by substantially flat and parallel top and bottom walls designated by numerals 24 and 25, respectively, parallel side walls 26, which are at right angles to top and bottom walls 24 and 25 and an end wall 27.
  • End wall 27 is preferably disposed at right angles to the top and bottom walls as Patented Jan. 17, 1967 r well as to the side walls of the chamber.
  • branch tubes 21 enter the bottom wall 25 of chamber 22 in a region of the chamber adjacent end wall 27, with the center lines of the tubes disposed approximately at right angles to Walls 24 and 25 and parallel to endwall 27. The relationship preferably is such that the flow from each tube 21 is tangent to end wall 27 of the chamber.
  • the stock discharged from tubes 21 impinges on the top wall 24 of blending chamber 22 and is deflected thereby, which characteristic is responsible for the'term explosion chamber being applied to this type of blending chamber.
  • the entry of stock into. chamber 22 does not involve an explosive action as such, the flow area in chamber 22 is somewhat greater than thecombined' flow areas of branch tubes 21 so that there is a, consequent deceleration of the stock flow in the chamber 22.
  • This invention utilizes the discovery that a highly uniform flow can be achieved across the width of a box-like I D-is the depth of the blending chamber 22, and
  • d- is the diameter of the branch tubes 21.
  • equation A is an expression of the ratio of the incremental flow areas in the blending chamber 22 between center lines of branch tubes 22 (SD) to the flow areas of the branch tubes 22 (1rd /4.
  • SD center lines of branch tubes 22
  • the equation for A should be modified to reflect the flow area for the particular cross section used.
  • a practical design approach in laying out a flow spreading device incorporating this invention will generally involve first selecting those dimensions for the branch tubes 21 and their spacing (S) which in cooperation with the tapered header18 provide the most uniformdistribution of flow among the branch tubes at the desired rate of flow. As stated previously, this will generally result in-an S/d ratio of approximately 2.4. Thereafter, a dimension for the dept (D) of blending chamber 22 is selected which when substituted in the above equation together with the values of S and D give a A value falling within the desired range.
  • p j 1 V In one flow spreading device constructed in accordance with this invention a rectangular blending chamber having a width of 72 inches and a depth of 0.43 inchwasfcd -tially the same as that illustrated in the drawings.
  • Flow in blending chamber 22 is preferably maintained at Reynolds numbers in excess of 10,000 to maintain turbulent flow conditions through the chamber, as well as through delivery conduit 23 and into the nozzle 14.
  • blending chamber 22 The effectiveness of blending chamber 22 is, of course, influenced to a degree by the length of the chamber (indicated by letter L in FIGURE 3) as some distance of flow must be provided for complete blending of the individual flows from branch tubes 21. It has been found that a blending chamber constructed-in accordance with the principles set forth above permits uniform blending of the flow across the width (W) of the blendingchamber in a shorter distance than was heretofore believed to be practicable.
  • the blending chamber may be as low as 25 times the depth (D) of the chamber. Consequently, with this invention it is possible to construct a stock delivery system for a paper machine which occupies a minimum amount of space at the head, or wet, end of the machine.
  • branch tubes 21 direct their individual flows upwardly into blending chamber 22 through the bottom wall 25 of the chamber, it is to be understood that this attitude of the system is not essential to proper functioning of the blending chamber 22 or of the flow spreader generally.
  • the system could be inverted, for example, with branch tubes 21 directed through the top wall 24 of the blending chamber 22.
  • One of the desirable features of this invention is the simplicity of construction of the blending chamber portion of the flow spreader 17.
  • the box-like configuration for blending chamber 22 permits this portion of the flow spreader to be fabricated from sheet metal, or other sheet material, with an absolute minimum of shaping, drilling, and forming.
  • the opposing walls forming'blending chamber 22 be absolutely planar and/ or parallel because beneficial results can be obtained even if minor departures In general, when the dimensionless ratio. A 1 is maintained in the range set forthabove, the length (L) from the relationship shown and described are dictated by other design considerations.
  • the flow through branch tubes 21 need not necessarily enter the blending chamber 22 in the precise manner shown and described. Although it is preferable to have fluid enter blending chamber 22 at and parallel to the rear wall 27 of the chamber, spacing the end wall rearwardly from tubes 21 by a small amount will not adversely atfect operation of the flow spreader.
  • a further desirable feature of this invention resides in the ability of blending chamber 22 to compensate for flow velocity variations among the several branch tubes 21.
  • blending chamber 22 constructed in accordance with this invention will actually improve upon the distribution obtained with a well-designed multiple tube-tapered header combination.
  • the efficiency of the flow spreader of this invention which, as mentioned previously, eliminates the necessity for employing additional flow evening devices, also eliminates the operational hazards commonly associated with deceleration devices, such as a tendency toward flocculation of the papermaking fibers, the development of slime and the plugging of flow passages. Furthermore, the flow spreader of this invention has very low losses associated therewith.
  • Apparatus for developing in a relatively wide conduit fluid flow having a substantially uniform velocity profile across the width of the conduit comprising a boxlike blending chamber associated with said conduit and being co-extensive in width therewith, said blending chamber being defined by wall means including top and bottom walls, side walls and an end wall, and a plurality of laterals communicating through one of said top or bottom walls for admitting fluid to said blending chamber, the center lines of said laterals being substantially parallel and arranged in a plane closely spaced from said end wall, and the ratio of the flow area in said blending chamber between center lines of adjacent laterals measured in said center line plane to the flow area in each of said laterals being in the range of from about 1. 1 to about 1.7.
  • papermaking apparatus comprising a stock delivery pipe, a plurality of branch tubes communicating with said pipe for dividing at least a portion of the stock flow in said pipe into a plurality of higher velocity, smaller volume flows, said tubes being equally spaced in parallel arrangement in a common plane, means providing a blending chamber communicating with said tubes, said blending chamber being of box-like configuration and disposed to receive stock from said tubes through one wall thereof in a flow direction normal to the opposite wall of said chamber, and slice means communicating with said blending chamber, the improvement of having the flow area in said blending chamber between center lines of adjacent branch tubes measured in the plane of said tubes from about 1.1 to about 1.7 times the flow area of each of said tubes.
US367366A 1964-05-14 1964-05-14 Tapered manifold type stock distributor for a papermaking machine Expired - Lifetime US3298905A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US367366A US3298905A (en) 1964-05-14 1964-05-14 Tapered manifold type stock distributor for a papermaking machine
GB19931/65A GB1089052A (en) 1964-05-14 1965-05-11 Fluid flow apparatus
SE06194/65A SE327892B (xx) 1964-05-14 1965-05-12
ES0312894A ES312894A1 (es) 1964-05-14 1965-05-13 Un aparato para desarrollar en un conducto relativamente ancho un paso de fluido.
BE663876D BE663876A (xx) 1964-05-14 1965-05-13
DE19651461153 DE1461153A1 (de) 1964-05-14 1965-05-14 Vorrichtung zur Hervorbringung eines Fluidumstroms mit gleichmaessigem Geschwindigkeitsprofil quer ueber die Breite eines verhaeltnismaessig breiten Stroemungskanals
FI1176/65A FI44329B (xx) 1964-05-14 1965-05-14

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US367366A US3298905A (en) 1964-05-14 1964-05-14 Tapered manifold type stock distributor for a papermaking machine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3298905A true US3298905A (en) 1967-01-17

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Family Applications (1)

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US367366A Expired - Lifetime US3298905A (en) 1964-05-14 1964-05-14 Tapered manifold type stock distributor for a papermaking machine

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3298905A (xx)
BE (1) BE663876A (xx)
DE (1) DE1461153A1 (xx)
ES (1) ES312894A1 (xx)
FI (1) FI44329B (xx)
GB (1) GB1089052A (xx)
SE (1) SE327892B (xx)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3652391A (en) * 1970-01-20 1972-03-28 Scott Paper Co Box-like blending chamber with barrier elements to produce uniform flow of papermaking stock
US3878039A (en) * 1972-06-20 1975-04-15 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Paper machine headbox having convergent throat portion
US4024016A (en) * 1975-12-18 1977-05-17 J. H. Horne & Sons, Inc. Cylinder mold former with flow box and pressure lid

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE355615B (xx) * 1970-06-15 1973-04-30 Ahlstroem Oy

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB512808A (en) * 1938-03-17 1939-09-26 Samuel Milne Improvements in and relating to paper-making machines
US2281293A (en) * 1936-12-19 1942-04-28 American Voith Contact Co Inc Apparatus for delivering paper stock to paper making machines
US2911041A (en) * 1956-12-27 1959-11-03 Beloit Iron Works Stock distributor assembly
US3014527A (en) * 1958-09-23 1961-12-26 Beloit Iron Works Stock distributor with adjustable inlet

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2281293A (en) * 1936-12-19 1942-04-28 American Voith Contact Co Inc Apparatus for delivering paper stock to paper making machines
GB512808A (en) * 1938-03-17 1939-09-26 Samuel Milne Improvements in and relating to paper-making machines
US2911041A (en) * 1956-12-27 1959-11-03 Beloit Iron Works Stock distributor assembly
US3014527A (en) * 1958-09-23 1961-12-26 Beloit Iron Works Stock distributor with adjustable inlet

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3652391A (en) * 1970-01-20 1972-03-28 Scott Paper Co Box-like blending chamber with barrier elements to produce uniform flow of papermaking stock
US3878039A (en) * 1972-06-20 1975-04-15 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Paper machine headbox having convergent throat portion
US4024016A (en) * 1975-12-18 1977-05-17 J. H. Horne & Sons, Inc. Cylinder mold former with flow box and pressure lid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1089052A (en) 1967-11-01
FI44329B (xx) 1971-06-30
SE327892B (xx) 1970-08-31
BE663876A (xx) 1965-11-16
DE1461153A1 (de) 1968-12-19
ES312894A1 (es) 1966-02-16

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