US3296104A - Electrodeposition of zinc from pyrophosphate solutions - Google Patents
Electrodeposition of zinc from pyrophosphate solutions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3296104A US3296104A US319666A US31966663A US3296104A US 3296104 A US3296104 A US 3296104A US 319666 A US319666 A US 319666A US 31966663 A US31966663 A US 31966663A US 3296104 A US3296104 A US 3296104A
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- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- group
- deposit
- bright
- per liter
- Prior art date
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical group [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims description 64
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 62
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 30
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title description 6
- -1 ALKALI METAL SALTS Chemical class 0.000 claims description 46
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 9
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 101000740162 Homo sapiens Sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter XTRP3 Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 102100037189 Sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter XTRP3 Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical class [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZNVGYHOBTCWGTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N solutin Natural products Cc1cc(O)cc2OC(C)(O)C(=O)c12 ZNVGYHOBTCWGTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 33
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 28
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 16
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 9
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 8
- DQBNLFRFALCILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(2-sulfonaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3S(=O)(=O)O)=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=CC2=C1 DQBNLFRFALCILS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- SBMVUWFLYRRTED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=CC2=C1 SBMVUWFLYRRTED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 4
- SATCULPHIDQDRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperonal Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 SATCULPHIDQDRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WJUFSDZVCOTFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratraldehyde Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1OC WJUFSDZVCOTFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- RGHHSNMVTDWUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 RGHHSNMVTDWUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCILLCXFKWDRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,4-diol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=C(O)C2=C1 PCILLCXFKWDRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940081310 piperonal Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- FRASJONUBLZVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxonaphthalene Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)C=CC(=O)C2=C1 FRASJONUBLZVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOKGTLAJQHTOKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1O BOKGTLAJQHTOKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHUFGBSGINLPOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzoyl cyanide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC1=CC=C(C(=O)C#N)C=C1Cl JHUFGBSGINLPOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUUFWJJQDMONIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde;4-hydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1.OC1=CC=CC(C=O)=C1 OUUFWJJQDMONIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKJVSIITPZVTRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7-dihydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C2C=C(O)C(O)=CC2=C1 DKJVSIITPZVTRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOBIZWYVJFIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=CC(O)=CC=C21 DOBIZWYVJFIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Anisaldehyde Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 ZRSNZINYAWTAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- CNUDBTRUORMMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N formylthiophene Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CS1 CNUDBTRUORMMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001455 metallic ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FITZJYAVATZPMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-disulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 FITZJYAVATZPMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940044652 phenolsulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic aldehyde Natural products CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OMSYGYSPFZQFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J zinc pyrophosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O OMSYGYSPFZQFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
Definitions
- the invention is based on the discovery that certain organic compounds when incorporated in an alkaline pyrophosphate zinc bath in combination with various carbonyl compounds of the aldehyde and ketone types are capable of promoting the formation of excellent bright and uniformly smooth electrodeposits of zinc over a wide current density range. Moreover, the additives of this invention greatly improve the throwing power of the zinc pyrophosphate plating solution making it particularly suitable for barrel plating.
- an organic compound hereafter referred to as a carrier, selected from the group consisting of (a) his [sulfonaphthyl] methane; (b) naphthalene derivatives that contain substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their alkali metal salts, hydroxyl, amino, and imino radicals; (c) benzene derivatives containing the substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their salts with alkali metal and ammonium, alkyl and imino radicals, and (d) allyl sulfonic acid and its salts with alkali metals, when incorporated into a pyrophosphate zinc plating bath in combination with a carbonyl compound of the aldehyde and the ketone types will increase greatly the brightness and the uniformity of the zinc deposit.
- the low current density coverage of the bath also is improved, and the resultant electrodeposit of zinc shows a reduction in rough
- a preferred process for producing bright zinc deposits comprises electrodepositing zinc from an aqueous alkaline pyrophosphate solution containing at least one zinc salt in which there is dissolved from about 0.5 to about 5.0 grams per liter of a carrier selected from the group previously stated, and from about 0.025 to about 0.2 gram per liter of a carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of aldehydes and. ketones.
- the specific carriers of this invention may be used successfully at any concentration within the broad range stated above, it is generally preferable to employ them in a concentration from about 0.9 to about 1.6 grams per liter. Also it is preferred to employ the carbonyl compound at a concentration in the range from about 0.05 to about 0.1 gram per liter. I have found that the maximum brightness of the deposit is not obtained when the concentration of the carbonyl compound is too low. A high concentration of carbonyl compound, on the other hand, decreases the low current density coverage.
- Table I sets forth examples of the carriersthat have been used successfully in the process of this invention.
- any of the carbonyl compounds of the aldehydes and ketone types which cooperate efiFectively with the carriers of this invention may be used in combination with the carriers of this invention in carrying out this process.
- the carbonyl compounds that are effective have a structural formula selected from the group consisting of wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and heterocyclic oxygen and sulfur radicals, and R and R" are selected from the group consisting of alkyl' and aryl radicals. Both the alkyl and the aryl radicals in R, R and R" may contain substituents such as alkoxy or hydroxy radicals.
- Table I'I sets forth the carbonyl compounds that have been used successfully in combination with the carriers of this invention.
- the other carriers of this invention combine synergistically with a carbonyl compound of the aldehyde and ketone types to provide improvements in the brightness, uniformity and the low current density coverage of the electrodcpositcd zinc.
- a carbonyl compound of the aldehyde and ketone types to provide improvements in the brightness, uniformity and the low current density coverage of the electrodcpositcd zinc.
- Example 1 6 Two grams per liter of 8 amino, 1 naphthalene sulfonic :acid were dissolved in the basic pyrophosphate solution.
- Zinc was electrodcpositcd onto a Hull panel. After the plating was completed, 0.1 gram per liter of furfural was added to the solution containing the carrier and a similar Hull panel was electrodeposited from this solution. These two plates were visually compared. It was found that the panel plated in accordance with the invention was brighter, more uniform and had better back coverage.
- Examples 17-22 Similar to Example 16 except that 6,6'-imino bis-(1 naphthol-3) sulfonic acid; 2 naphthol-6,8 disulfonic acid;
- 2,6 naphthalene-disulfonic acid 2,3- dihydroxy-6 naphthalene sulfonate (sodium salt); 1,5 dihydroxy naphthalene and 1,4 naphthalene diol were used separately as carriers in each example.
- 2,6 naphthalene-disulfonic acid 2,3- dihydroxy-6 naphthalene sulfonate (sodium salt); 1,5 dihydroxy naphthalene and 1,4 naphthalene diol were used separately as carriers in each example.
- the two panels in each example were compared visually, the one plated in accordance with the process of this invention was either brighter, more uniform or had better back coverage.
- the process for producing bright zinc deposits which comprises electroplating zinc from an aqueous alkaline pyrophosphate solution containing at least one zinc salt in which there is dissolved from about 0.5 to about 5.0 grams per liter of a carrier selected from the group consisting of (a) his [sulfonaphthyl] methane, (b) naphthalene derivates that contain substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their alkali metal salts, hydroxyl, amino and imino radicals, (c) benzene derivatives containing substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their salts with alkali metal and ammonium, alkyl and imino radicals, and (d) allyl sulfonic acid and its salts with alkali metals, and from about 0.025 to about 0.2 gram per liter of a carbonyl compound having a structural formula selected from the group consisting of wherein R is selected from the group consisting
- the process for producing bright zinc deposits which comprises electrodepositing zinc from an aqueous alkaline pyrophosphate solution containing at least one zinc salt in which there is dissolved from about 0.5 to about 5.0 grams per liter of a carrier selected from the group consisting of (a) bis [sulfonaphthyl] methane, (b) naphthalene derivatives that contain substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their alkali metal salts, hydroxyl, amino and imino radicals, (c) benzene derivatives containing substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their salts with alkali metal and ammonium, alkyl and imino radicals, and (d) allyl sulfonic acid and its salts with alkali metals, and from about 0.025 and to about 0.2 gram per liter of an aldehyde having a structural formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,
- the process for producing bright zinc deposits which comprises electrodepositing zinc from an aqueous alkaline pyrophosphate solution containing at least one zinc salt in which there is dissolved from about 0.9 to 1.6 grams per liter of a carrier selected from the proup consisting of (a) his [sulfonaphthyl] methane, (b) naphcompound having a structural formula selected from the group consisting of wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and heterocyclic oxygen and sulfur radicals, and R and R are selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl radicals.
- the process for producing bright zinc deposits which comprises electrodepositing zinc from an aqueous alkaline pyrophosphate solution .at a temperature ranging from about 40 C. to about 50 C., said solution containing 10 to 60 grams per liter of zinc which provides a pyrophosphate radical (P 0 to zinc weight ratio of 6.5 to 1 to 8.0 to 1 and a pH in the range from 10.5 to 12.0, in said solution there is dissolved from about 0.5 to about 5.0 grams per liter of a carrier selected from the group consisting of (a) his [sulfonaphthyl] methane, (b) naphthalene derivatives that contain substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their alkali metal salts, hydroxyl, amino, and imino radicals, (c) benzene derivatives contaninig substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their salts with alkali metal and ammonium, alkyl and imino radicals
- the process for producing bright zinc deposits which comprises electrodepositing zinc from an aqueous alkaline pyrophosphate solution at a temperature ranging from about 40 to. about 50 C., said solution containing 20 to 30 grams per liter of zinc which provides a pyrophosphate radical (P 0 to zinc weight ratio of 7.0 to 1 to 8.0 to 1 and a pH of about 11.0, in said solution there is dissolved from about 0.9 to about 1.6 grams per liter of a carrier selected from the group consisting of (a) his [sulfonaphthyl] methane, (b) naphthalene derivatives that contain substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their alkali.
- a carrier selected from the group consisting of (a) his [sulfonaphthyl] methane, (b) naphthalene derivatives that contain substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their alkali.
- benzene derivatives containing substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their salts with alkali metal and ammonium, alkyl and imino radicals,-
- allyl sulfonic acid and its salts with alkali metals and from about 0.05 to about 0.1 gram per liter of a carbonyl compound having a structural formula selected from the group consisting of gen, alkyl, aryl and heterocyclic oxygen and sulfur radicals, and R and R" are selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl radicals.
- the process for producing bright zinc deposits which comprises electrodeposi-ting zinc from an aqueous alkaline pyrophosphate solution at a temperature ranging from about 40 C. to about 50 C., said solution containing to 60 grams per liter of zinc which provides a pyrophosphate radical (P 0 to zinc weight ration of 6.5 to 1 to 8.0 -to 1 and a pH in the range from 10.5 to 12.0, in said solution there is dissolved from about 0.5 to about 5.0 grams per liter of his [sulfonaphthyl] methane, and from about 0.025 to about 0.2 gram per liter of an aldehyde having a structural formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and heterocyclic oxygen and sulfur radicals.
- a bright zinc plating bath comprising an aqueous alkaline pyrophospha-te solution containing about 10 to 60 grams per liter of zinc which provides a pyrophosphate radical (P 0 to zinc Weight ratio of 6.5 to 1 to 8.0 to 1 and a pH in the range from 10.5 to 12.0, about 0.5 to about 5.0 grams per liter of a carrier selected from the group consisting of (a) bis [sulfonaphthyl] methane, (-b) naphthalene derivatives that contain substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their alkali metal salts, hydroxyl, amino and imino radicals, (c) benzene derivatives containing substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their salts with alkali metal and ammonium, alkyl and imino radicals, and (d) allyl sulfonic acid and its salts with alkali metals, and from about 0.025
- a bright zinc plating bath comprising an aqueous alkaline pyrophosp'hate solution containing about 20 to 30 grams per liter of zinc which provides a pyrophosphate radical (P 0 to zinc weight ratio of from about 7.0 to 1 to 8.0 to 1, about 0.9 to 1.6 grams per liter of a carrier selected from the group consisting of (a) bis [sulfonaphthyl] methane, (b) naphthalene derivatives that contain substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their alkali metal salts, hydroxyl, amino, and imino radicals, (c) benzene derivatives containing substituents selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acids and their salts with alkali metal and ammonium, alkyl and imino radicals, and (d) allyl sulfonic acid and its salts with alkali metals, and about 0.05 to 0.1 gram per liter of a carbonyl compound
- a bright zinc plating bath comprising an aqueous alkaline pyrophosphate solution containing at least one zinc salt, about 0.5 to about 5.0 grams per liter of his [sulfonaphthyl] methane, and from about 0.025 to about 0.2 gram per liter of an aldehyde having a structural formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and heterocyclic oxygen and sulfur radicals.
- a bright zinc plating bath comprising an aqueous alkaline pyrophosp'hate solution containing about 10 to 60 grams per liter of zinc which provides a pyrophosphate radical (P 0 to zinc weight ratio of from about 10.5 to about 12.0, about 0.5 to 5.0 grams per liter of bis [sulfonaphthyl] methane and about 0.025 to 0.2 gram per liter of an aldehyde having a structural formula of wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and heterocyclic oxygen and sulfur.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Priority Applications (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US319666A US3296104A (en) | 1963-10-29 | 1963-10-29 | Electrodeposition of zinc from pyrophosphate solutions |
| SE9992/64A SE304658B (de) | 1963-10-29 | 1964-08-19 | |
| GB34541/64A GB1083504A (en) | 1963-10-29 | 1964-08-24 | Zinc pyrophosphate plating process |
| NL646411274A NL147793B (nl) | 1963-10-29 | 1964-09-28 | Werkwijze voor het aanbrengen van een bekledingslaag van zink op een voorwerp en de aldus verkregen met zink beklede voorwerpen. |
| ES304489A ES304489A1 (es) | 1963-10-29 | 1964-09-29 | Procedimiento para obtener depósitos de cinc brillante |
| DEH53997A DE1294134B (de) | 1963-10-29 | 1964-10-10 | Galvanisches Bad und Verfahren zur Erzeugung glaenzender Zinkueberzuege |
| CH1343164A CH432973A (fr) | 1963-10-29 | 1964-10-16 | Procédé pour obtenir des dépôts de zinc brillants par galvanoplastie et bain galvanoplastique pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé |
| FR991937A FR1415033A (fr) | 1963-10-29 | 1964-10-19 | Procédé de dépôt de zinc brillant en bain de pyrophosphate |
| BE654543D BE654543A (de) | 1963-10-29 | 1964-10-19 | |
| AT919264A AT267992B (de) | 1963-10-29 | 1964-10-29 | Verfahren und Bad zur Erzeugung glänzender Zinküberzüge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US319666A US3296104A (en) | 1963-10-29 | 1963-10-29 | Electrodeposition of zinc from pyrophosphate solutions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3296104A true US3296104A (en) | 1967-01-03 |
Family
ID=23243192
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US319666A Expired - Lifetime US3296104A (en) | 1963-10-29 | 1963-10-29 | Electrodeposition of zinc from pyrophosphate solutions |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3296104A (de) |
| AT (1) | AT267992B (de) |
| BE (1) | BE654543A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH432973A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1294134B (de) |
| ES (1) | ES304489A1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR1415033A (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1083504A (de) |
| NL (1) | NL147793B (de) |
| SE (1) | SE304658B (de) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3637475A (en) * | 1968-09-23 | 1972-01-25 | Mini Ind Constructillor | Zinc-plating bath for bright or glossy coating |
| US3669854A (en) * | 1970-08-03 | 1972-06-13 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Zinc electroplating electrolyte and process |
| US3787297A (en) * | 1971-10-26 | 1974-01-22 | Conversion Chem Corp | Zinc plating bath and method |
| US3787296A (en) * | 1970-04-24 | 1974-01-22 | H Hayashida | Non-poisonous zinc plating baths |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2101581A (en) * | 1936-05-02 | 1937-12-07 | Udylite Company | Process for obtaining bright zinc coating |
| US2488246A (en) * | 1944-08-25 | 1949-11-15 | United Chromium Inc | Process of electroplating zinc, and baths and compositions for use therein |
| US2529700A (en) * | 1946-08-01 | 1950-11-14 | Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting | Method of electrolytically producing zinc of high purity |
| US3049942A (en) * | 1961-01-03 | 1962-08-21 | Kohler Conrad Dings | Differential with automatic slip control |
| US3088884A (en) * | 1960-11-07 | 1963-05-07 | Metal & Thermit Corp | Electrodeposition |
-
1963
- 1963-10-29 US US319666A patent/US3296104A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1964
- 1964-08-19 SE SE9992/64A patent/SE304658B/xx unknown
- 1964-08-24 GB GB34541/64A patent/GB1083504A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-09-28 NL NL646411274A patent/NL147793B/xx unknown
- 1964-09-29 ES ES304489A patent/ES304489A1/es not_active Expired
- 1964-10-10 DE DEH53997A patent/DE1294134B/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1964-10-16 CH CH1343164A patent/CH432973A/fr unknown
- 1964-10-19 BE BE654543D patent/BE654543A/xx unknown
- 1964-10-19 FR FR991937A patent/FR1415033A/fr not_active Expired
- 1964-10-29 AT AT919264A patent/AT267992B/de active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2101581A (en) * | 1936-05-02 | 1937-12-07 | Udylite Company | Process for obtaining bright zinc coating |
| US2488246A (en) * | 1944-08-25 | 1949-11-15 | United Chromium Inc | Process of electroplating zinc, and baths and compositions for use therein |
| US2529700A (en) * | 1946-08-01 | 1950-11-14 | Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting | Method of electrolytically producing zinc of high purity |
| US3088884A (en) * | 1960-11-07 | 1963-05-07 | Metal & Thermit Corp | Electrodeposition |
| US3049942A (en) * | 1961-01-03 | 1962-08-21 | Kohler Conrad Dings | Differential with automatic slip control |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3637475A (en) * | 1968-09-23 | 1972-01-25 | Mini Ind Constructillor | Zinc-plating bath for bright or glossy coating |
| US3787296A (en) * | 1970-04-24 | 1974-01-22 | H Hayashida | Non-poisonous zinc plating baths |
| US3669854A (en) * | 1970-08-03 | 1972-06-13 | M & T Chemicals Inc | Zinc electroplating electrolyte and process |
| US3787297A (en) * | 1971-10-26 | 1974-01-22 | Conversion Chem Corp | Zinc plating bath and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL6411274A (de) | 1965-05-03 |
| SE304658B (de) | 1968-09-30 |
| CH432973A (fr) | 1967-03-31 |
| NL147793B (nl) | 1975-11-17 |
| BE654543A (de) | 1965-02-15 |
| ES304489A1 (es) | 1964-11-16 |
| DE1294134B (de) | 1969-04-30 |
| FR1415033A (fr) | 1965-10-22 |
| AT267992B (de) | 1969-01-27 |
| GB1083504A (en) | 1967-09-13 |
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