US3295506A - Method and apparatus for the prevention of souping in diesel engines - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the prevention of souping in diesel engines Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3295506A
US3295506A US384407A US38440764A US3295506A US 3295506 A US3295506 A US 3295506A US 384407 A US384407 A US 384407A US 38440764 A US38440764 A US 38440764A US 3295506 A US3295506 A US 3295506A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
souping
diesel engines
fuel
prevention
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US384407A
Inventor
Henry U Wisniowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canadian Patents and Development Ltd
Original Assignee
Canadian Patents and Development Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canadian Patents and Development Ltd filed Critical Canadian Patents and Development Ltd
Priority to US384407A priority Critical patent/US3295506A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3295506A publication Critical patent/US3295506A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4214—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads specially adapted for four or more valves per cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0648—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition
    • F02B23/0651—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition the fuel spray impinging on reflecting surfaces or being specially guided throughout the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0696—W-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the prevention of souping in diesel engines.
  • souping occurs. This souping is evidenced by the appearance of black sludge which between the disc and the top of the piston.
  • the spray holes of the fuel injector 7 inject a spray 13 of fuel into the cavity. These spray holes 12 are directed outwardly and downwardly. It has been found that best results in preventing souping are obtained when the fuel sprays impinge partially on the disc 1.
  • the discs used should be made of high temperatureresistant metal. They must be capable of withstanding the temperatures of up to 1100" C. encountered in the combustion chambers. Tests have shown that discs made of Nichrome or Inconel are quite suitable.
  • Souping is manifested externally by a bluish-grey smoke of a fog type issuing from the exhaust. If the engine is examined, unburned or partially unburned fuel will be found in the cylinders and in the exhaust system.
  • FIGURE 1 shows the preferred form of the invention attached to the cylinder head of a diesel engine
  • FIGURE 2 shows a cross section of the device of FIG- UREl.
  • FIGURE 1 a cylinder head 4 of a diesel engine with inlet and exhaust ports 5 and valves 4A is shown.
  • a flat circular metallic disc 1 having a central aperture 6 is fixed to the cylinder head and positioned from it by means of legs 2. Studs 3, which screw into holes drilled in the head, hold the disc securely in place.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a cross-section of a cylinder head 4 and a piston 11.
  • Disc 1 should be located away from the surface of cylinder head 4 so that the temperature of the disc will be higher (closer to that of the gas in the cavity) than that of the cylinder head itself. For mechanical reasons sufficient clearance should be allowed It can be readily seen from these results that the use of the anti-souping devices greatly increases the length of time that a diesel engine can be idled before souping becomes evident. This improvement is obtained even with heavy crude oils and by using the devices, one of the drawbacks to using this type of fuel is almost eliminated.
  • the anti-souping discs when placed in the combustion chamber are heated by combustion gases to the temperature much above the temperature of the walls of the chamber.
  • the injected sprays of fuel either strike the hot discs or pass close to it by which they .are heated and burnt before they reach the cold walls of the combustion chamber. In this Way, the souping problem is greatly alleviated.
  • a diesel engine of the type having a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, a cylinder head forming a combustion chamber above said piston, and a fuel nozzle located in said head, constructed to discharge separate conical spray patterns at widely divergent angles generally radially from the nozzle and through said combustion chamber formed between the crown of said piston and said cylinder head;
  • the improvement comprising a generally fiat disk located in said combustion chamber arranged in a plane transverse to an axis bisecting the divergent angle of the spray pattern, means for supporting said disk spaced from the piston and cylinder head with the central portion of said disk exposed only to the gases in said chamber and with only the periphery of said disk disposed to intercept a portion of the conical sprays from said nozzle which approach the adjacent head of the piston, said means pro- J viding suflicient spacing to form a barrier to heat transfer from the disk to maintain disk temperature above ignition temperature at engine idle speeds.

Description

H. U. WISNIOWSKI METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION Jan. 3, 1967 vOF SOUPING IN DIESEL ENGINES Filed July 22, 1964 HEA/ky u/lsAl/awskd 8,
v vm rm A cnv United States Patent This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the prevention of souping in diesel engines.
During idling of diesel engines for long periods of time, a phenomenon known as souping occurs. This souping is evidenced by the appearance of black sludge which between the disc and the top of the piston. The spray holes of the fuel injector 7 inject a spray 13 of fuel into the cavity. These spray holes 12 are directed outwardly and downwardly. It has been found that best results in preventing souping are obtained when the fuel sprays impinge partially on the disc 1.
The discs used should be made of high temperatureresistant metal. They must be capable of withstanding the temperatures of up to 1100" C. encountered in the combustion chambers. Tests have shown that discs made of Nichrome or Inconel are quite suitable.
The following experimental results were obtained on a l2-cylinder locomotive diesel engine. An anti-souping disc was placed in the No. 1 cylinder as indicated.
First cylinder Cylinder No. 1 Total Anti-souping device in No. 1 Fuel started to soup started to soup Hours of cylinder after after- Idling Flat annular Pembina Crude Oil 7 75 hrs 48.5 hrs 51 do 7 hrs 53 hrs 66 do 6.75 hrs 62.75 hrs 73 Standard Diesel Fuel 22.25 hrs 100.25 hrs 115 comes out from the exhaust system of the engine. Souping is most pronounced in locomotive diesel engines which are left idling for long periods of time. Diesel engines for other services are normally not left idling long enough to show souping.
Souping is manifested externally by a bluish-grey smoke of a fog type issuing from the exhaust. If the engine is examined, unburned or partially unburned fuel will be found in the cylinders and in the exhaust system.
Souping has occurred in locomotive service with standard diesel fuel but when crude oils were tested as substitute fuels, the souping phenomenon was found to be much aggravated. In its heavy form souping is troublesome and greatly increases the fire danger of the installation and surroundings. It is also suspected that it accelerates the deterioration of the lubricating oil and increases the wear of the engine.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of eliminating or reducing the occurrence of souping in diesel engines especially those on locomotive service.
It is another object of the invention to provide a means of reducing souping which is reasonably inexpensive, easily adaptable to present engines, and which is fixed in position and, therefore, not subject to dynamic forces which might tend to destroy it.
In drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention,
FIGURE 1 shows the preferred form of the invention attached to the cylinder head of a diesel engine,
FIGURE 2 shows a cross section of the device of FIG- UREl.
Referring to FIGURE 1 a cylinder head 4 of a diesel engine with inlet and exhaust ports 5 and valves 4A is shown. A flat circular metallic disc 1 having a central aperture 6 is fixed to the cylinder head and positioned from it by means of legs 2. Studs 3, which screw into holes drilled in the head, hold the disc securely in place.
FIGURE 2 shows a cross-section of a cylinder head 4 and a piston 11. Disc 1 should be located away from the surface of cylinder head 4 so that the temperature of the disc will be higher (closer to that of the gas in the cavity) than that of the cylinder head itself. For mechanical reasons sufficient clearance should be allowed It can be readily seen from these results that the use of the anti-souping devices greatly increases the length of time that a diesel engine can be idled before souping becomes evident. This improvement is obtained even with heavy crude oils and by using the devices, one of the drawbacks to using this type of fuel is almost eliminated.
The above results were found to be reproducible and it can be expected with reasonable probability that provided the injectors are in good condition, the start of visible souping with the anti-souping discs will not occur before 50 hours of idling on crude oils. In the case of standard diesel fuels the souping-free time with the discs is at least hours.
Investigations conducted on the test engine and combustion rig showed that souping is caused to a great extent by the contact of injected fuel with the relatively cold Walls of the combustion chambers resulting in partial burning or no burning of a part of this fuel.
The anti-souping discs when placed in the combustion chamber are heated by combustion gases to the temperature much above the temperature of the walls of the chamber. The injected sprays of fuel either strike the hot discs or pass close to it by which they .are heated and burnt before they reach the cold walls of the combustion chamber. In this Way, the souping problem is greatly alleviated.
What is claimed is:
In a diesel engine of the type having a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, a cylinder head forming a combustion chamber above said piston, and a fuel nozzle located in said head, constructed to discharge separate conical spray patterns at widely divergent angles generally radially from the nozzle and through said combustion chamber formed between the crown of said piston and said cylinder head; the improvement comprising a generally fiat disk located in said combustion chamber arranged in a plane transverse to an axis bisecting the divergent angle of the spray pattern, means for supporting said disk spaced from the piston and cylinder head with the central portion of said disk exposed only to the gases in said chamber and with only the periphery of said disk disposed to intercept a portion of the conical sprays from said nozzle which approach the adjacent head of the piston, said means pro- J viding suflicient spacing to form a barrier to heat transfer from the disk to maintain disk temperature above ignition temperature at engine idle speeds.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 535,837 3/1895 Lorenz 123-30.3
1,213,911 1/1917 Schmid 12330.3
1,515,496 11/1924 Laeubli 123-32 1,781,327 11/1930 Goinard 23--30.3
2,071,062 2/1937 Cummins 12332 2,761,431 9/1956 Na llinger 123-32 I FOREIGN PATENTS 589,381 2/1925 France. 905,902 3/1954 Germany. 958,789 2/1957 Germany.
MARK NEWMAN, Primary Examiner.
m RICHARD B. WILKINSON, Examiner.
L. M. GOODRIDGE, Assistant Examiner.
US384407A 1964-07-22 1964-07-22 Method and apparatus for the prevention of souping in diesel engines Expired - Lifetime US3295506A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US384407A US3295506A (en) 1964-07-22 1964-07-22 Method and apparatus for the prevention of souping in diesel engines

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US384407A US3295506A (en) 1964-07-22 1964-07-22 Method and apparatus for the prevention of souping in diesel engines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3295506A true US3295506A (en) 1967-01-03

Family

ID=23517196

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US384407A Expired - Lifetime US3295506A (en) 1964-07-22 1964-07-22 Method and apparatus for the prevention of souping in diesel engines

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3295506A (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050217639A1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2005-10-06 Hill Phillip G Glow ring ignition assist for internal combustion engine
US20060081212A1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2006-04-20 Hill Philip G Direct injection combustion chamber geometry
US20080196690A1 (en) * 2006-11-28 2008-08-21 Isamu Hotta Internal combustion engine with auxiliary combustion chamber
US10287970B1 (en) * 2017-12-07 2019-05-14 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injection system
WO2021203578A1 (en) * 2020-04-07 2021-10-14 天津大学 Device for optimizing oil-gas mixing process of internal combustion engine
US11346275B2 (en) 2020-04-07 2022-05-31 Tianjin University Apparatus for optimizing fuel/air mixing process of internal combustion engine
US11905903B2 (en) * 2020-07-24 2024-02-20 Powerhouse Engine Solutions Switzerland IP Holding GmbH Port heating system and method

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US535837A (en) * 1895-03-19 Wilhelm lorenz
US1213911A (en) * 1914-12-19 1917-01-30 Albert Schmid Internal-combustion engine.
US1515496A (en) * 1923-07-18 1924-11-11 Laeubli Ernest Injector for oil engines
FR589381A (en) * 1924-02-04 1925-05-28 Fuel injection engine
US1781327A (en) * 1924-11-16 1930-11-11 Goinard Joseph Marie Arsene Carburetor for internal-combustion engines supplied with heavy oil
US2071062A (en) * 1933-09-21 1937-02-16 Oil Engine Dev Company Oil engine
DE905902C (en) * 1949-10-02 1954-03-08 Erich Baentsch Process for the production of heavy vapor-air mixtures for combustion under excess pressure, especially for low-compression internal combustion engines
US2761431A (en) * 1950-02-22 1956-09-04 Daimler Benz Ag Injection type internal combustion engine with precombustion chamber
DE958789C (en) * 1952-07-06 1957-02-21 Daimler Benz Ag Internal combustion engine with mixture control and with external ignition of the mixture

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US535837A (en) * 1895-03-19 Wilhelm lorenz
US1213911A (en) * 1914-12-19 1917-01-30 Albert Schmid Internal-combustion engine.
US1515496A (en) * 1923-07-18 1924-11-11 Laeubli Ernest Injector for oil engines
FR589381A (en) * 1924-02-04 1925-05-28 Fuel injection engine
US1781327A (en) * 1924-11-16 1930-11-11 Goinard Joseph Marie Arsene Carburetor for internal-combustion engines supplied with heavy oil
US2071062A (en) * 1933-09-21 1937-02-16 Oil Engine Dev Company Oil engine
DE905902C (en) * 1949-10-02 1954-03-08 Erich Baentsch Process for the production of heavy vapor-air mixtures for combustion under excess pressure, especially for low-compression internal combustion engines
US2761431A (en) * 1950-02-22 1956-09-04 Daimler Benz Ag Injection type internal combustion engine with precombustion chamber
DE958789C (en) * 1952-07-06 1957-02-21 Daimler Benz Ag Internal combustion engine with mixture control and with external ignition of the mixture

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050217639A1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2005-10-06 Hill Phillip G Glow ring ignition assist for internal combustion engine
US20060081212A1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2006-04-20 Hill Philip G Direct injection combustion chamber geometry
US7213564B2 (en) * 2002-10-02 2007-05-08 Westport Power Inc. Direct injection combustion chamber geometry
US7281514B2 (en) * 2002-10-02 2007-10-16 Westport Power Inc. Glow ring ignition assist for internal combustion engine
US20080196690A1 (en) * 2006-11-28 2008-08-21 Isamu Hotta Internal combustion engine with auxiliary combustion chamber
US7814883B2 (en) * 2006-11-28 2010-10-19 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Internal combustion engine with auxiliary combustion chamber
US10287970B1 (en) * 2017-12-07 2019-05-14 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injection system
WO2021203578A1 (en) * 2020-04-07 2021-10-14 天津大学 Device for optimizing oil-gas mixing process of internal combustion engine
US11346275B2 (en) 2020-04-07 2022-05-31 Tianjin University Apparatus for optimizing fuel/air mixing process of internal combustion engine
US11905903B2 (en) * 2020-07-24 2024-02-20 Powerhouse Engine Solutions Switzerland IP Holding GmbH Port heating system and method

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0309458B1 (en) Flame incubating and propagating apparatus for a fuel combustion system
US3408995A (en) Combustion chamber design and material for internal combustion cylinders and engines
KR960700396A (en) Method of operating an internal combustion engine
US4369746A (en) Catalytic combustion engines
US3295506A (en) Method and apparatus for the prevention of souping in diesel engines
ATE245766T1 (en) COMBINED DIESEL-STEAM CIRCUIT ENGINE
Groff et al. The effects of ignition location in a swirl field on homogeneous-charge combustion
US2959161A (en) Internal-combustion compression-ignition engine with localised self-ignition of the fuel
JPH04109070A (en) Fuel injection device for direct injection type diesel engine
JPH03286124A (en) Cylinder fuel injection type engine
Heron Uncontrolled combustion in spark-ignition engines
Kapus et al. New AVL gas engine combustion system.
Morris et al. Thudding in high compression ratio engines
JPH09317470A (en) Diesel engine for low volatile fuel
KR830000889B1 (en) How to burn ignition fuel in pneumatic direct injection internal combustion engines
JP2865952B2 (en) Two-cycle subchamber low cetane number engine
JP2930457B2 (en) Low cetane fuel engine
JPH0458015A (en) Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine
Fleming et al. Diesel combustion phenomena as studied in free piston gasifiers
US1658464A (en) Internal-combustion engine
US1783499A (en) Internal-combustion engine
JPS6140414A (en) Injection timing for injection device of internal-combustion engine
JPH076456B2 (en) Spark ignition cylinder injection gas engine
JP2870859B2 (en) Ancillary alcohol engine
SU926975A1 (en) Internal combuction engine with compression induced ignition compression