US3295160A - Apparatus for spinning filaments of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers - Google Patents

Apparatus for spinning filaments of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3295160A
US3295160A US384071A US38407164A US3295160A US 3295160 A US3295160 A US 3295160A US 384071 A US384071 A US 384071A US 38407164 A US38407164 A US 38407164A US 3295160 A US3295160 A US 3295160A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
screw
spinning
filaments
extrusion
polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US384071A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schippers Heinz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oerlikon Barmag AG
Original Assignee
Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik AG filed Critical Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik AG
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Publication of US3295160A publication Critical patent/US3295160A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
    • D01D1/09—Control of pressure, temperature or feeding rate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/387—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using a screw extruder and a gear pump
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
    • B29C2037/96—Filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/365—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using pumps, e.g. piston pumps

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus capable of spinning filaments of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer, sometimes referred to as a spinning extruder, wherein the thermoplastic polymer is first melted and conveyed by an extrusion screw to a spinning pump or series of spinning pumps where the molten polymer is dosed into a spinneret for extrusion into filaments through a plurality of small orifices or openings corresponding to the desired diameter or denier of the filaments. More particularly, the invention is concerned with a specific improvement in the construction and dimensional relationships of the extrusion screw as one element of the spinning extruder.
  • an extrusion screw can be combined with one or more spinnerets so as to first melt the solid polymer, usually in the form of granules, particles or flakes, and then convey the molten polymer under pressure built up in the extrusion screw to the spinneret.
  • the polymer can be melted in the extrusion screw itself or it can be premelted and then introduced into the screw for building up the desired extrusion pressure and producing a homogeneous melt.
  • the individual filaments are rapidly cooled and simultaneously stretched for molecule orientation.
  • This combination of apparatus is referred to as a spinning extruder and generally includes a spinning pump of conventional construction, usually a gear wheel pump, associated with each spinneret.
  • This spinning pump is located between the outlet of the extrusion screw and directly before the spinneret, with reference to the direction of flow of the molten polymer, and is designed to provide an accurate dosage of molten polymer into the spinning head of the spinneret.
  • the desired function of the spinning pump is to maintain a constant pressure on the molten polymer a it is extruded from the spinneret and to make this pressure sufliciently independent of fluctuations in pressure caused by the melting and conveying operations of the extrusion screw.
  • the spinning pump is designed to even out or counteract pressure differences in the molten polymer feed stream, it is still too sluggish to avoid a perceptible transfer of pressure differences from the molten polymer leaving the extrusion screw to the pressure side of the spinning pump and thereby to the spin ning head and orifices of the spinneret.
  • This undesirable result generally occurs regardless of the particular construction of the spinning pump or its exact location in a feed line between the extrusion screw and the spinneret.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide novel apparatus, particularly a novel construction of the extrusion screw in the metering zone or portion of said screw, whereby it is possible to avoid pressure fluctuations during the melt spinning of a synthetic thermo plastic polymer into filaments.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improvement in a spinning extruder so as to permit a trouble .3 free melt spinning of fine denier filaments having a more uniform diameter.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide an improvement in the extrusion screw of a spinning extruder for the production of uniform denier filaments of a synthetic polymer without substantially increasing the residence time of the molten polymer or exposing the molten polymer to excessive oxidation.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide novel apparatus of the spinning extruder type for the improved melt spinning of a synthetic thermoplastic polymer, wherein the improvement requires only a change in one section of the extrusion screw and can be readily adapted to melt spinning apparatus conventionally employed in this art.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a typical spinning extruder illustrating its general appearnce and its principle elements in the overall combination
  • FIG. 2 is a substantially cross-sectional view of a specific embodiment of an extrusion screw illustrating the improvement required by this invention.
  • the spinning extruder has three essential components including (A) the extrusion screw 1 enclosed by a jacket housing 2, (B) spinning pumps 3 connected by a branched pipeline 4 to the outlet of the extrusion screw, and (C) a spinneret 5 attached directly after each spinning pump.
  • A the extrusion screw 1 enclosed by a jacket housing 2
  • B spinning pumps 3 connected by a branched pipeline 4 to the outlet of the extrusion screw
  • C a spinneret 5 attached directly after each spinning pump.
  • the construction or arrangement of each of these components is generally well known in the art as Well as their specific function in the overall apparatus, so that an elaborate description is not required.
  • Solid particles of the synthetic thermoplastic fiberforming polymer are introduced into the feed hopper 6 and are first conveyed by the screw 1 through a feed section a in which the thread depth z is usually constant.
  • the polymer is then conveyed through a compression section b in which the polymer mass is preferably completely melted, e.g. by introducing steam or other heatexchange fluid into the jacket 2 surrounding the cylindrical wall 7 of the extrusion screw, and at the same time, the molten polymer is placed under increasing compression by means of a continuously decreasing thread depth t
  • the melt is then further conveyed through the last section c of the extrusion screw, which is usually referred to as the metering zone or may also be called the pump zone or homogenizing zone.
  • the thread depth t in this metering section is usually maintained at a constant value and such construction is also essential for purposes of the present invention.
  • the highly compressed molten polymer is led through any suitable outlet line 4 directly to the spinning pumps 3 where molten polymer is dosed for extrusion through the orifices of the spinnerets 5.
  • molten polymer is dosed for extrusion through the orifices of the spinnerets 5.
  • the screw length l, in the metering section must be about equal to or more than 12D, it has been found that this length provides satisfactory and even optimum results in controlling pressure fluctuations without any substantial increase in length above 12D, regardless of the remaining dimensions of the overall length L Therefore, the metering length l should ordinarily be maintained within values of approximately 12D to 14D, higher values merely becoming less economical and therefore less desirable.
  • the overall length L of the screw can be varied between values of about 20D to 27D with optimum results being achieved in the vicinity of 24D.
  • These values and ratios are directed to the most efficient construction for the purposes of this invention, and the smaller overall lengths L are generally adapted to conditions under which a hot, fluid and relatively less viscous molten material is fed into the feed zone a, whereas the larger overall lengths are employed where a solid coarse-grained and cold polymer is fed into the feed zone a.
  • the feed section l should normally be at least equal to the compression section l
  • the feed section l is longer than the compression section l when introducing cold solid particles of the polymer since it is then quite obviously necessary to also heat the particles in the feed section so that they can be at least partially softened and/or melted before passing through the compression zone.
  • the thread depth z in the metering zone must be at least 0.035D, corresponding to a relatively viscous melt, and can be increased to an upper limit of about 0.06D with a highly fluid or less viscous melt.
  • the thread depths t and t in the compression and feed zones, respectively, are not particularly critical and are generally adapted to the feed material according to well known factors affecting the proper melting and compressing of the polymer to the desired extrusion pressure. Of course, it will be apparent that I must be substantially greater than t and that t must gradually decrease from t, to t in order to increase the pressure on the melt.
  • the molten nylon 6 was maintained at a temperature of about 285 C. in the metering zone c, and the screw was rotated at a speed of 80 revolutions per minute to achieve a nylon throughput of about 130 kg./hr. Extrusion took place through openings of 0.25 mm. in the spinnerets to provide an individual stretch thread denier of 30, consisting of 6 filaments.
  • the invention thus provides a substantial improvement in this particular art by solving the basic problem 01;
  • the apparatus of the invention further avoids any necessity of employing expensive and difficulty maintained pressure regulating devices such as pressure sensitive valves and the like as additional apparatus elements. All of: these advantages are especially valuable in spinning very fine denier filaments having a uniform or constant diameter and adapted to be used in high quality textile applications.
  • an apparatus for spinning filaments of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers including (A) an extrusion screw devided along its total length into a feed section, a compression section and a metering section, (B) a spinning pump adapted to receive molten polymer from said extrusion screw and (C) a spinneret adapted to receive the molten polymer from the spinning pump and containing openings for extrusion of the polymer into filaments, the improvement of a metering section of said extrusion screw which is at least 12 times the diameter of said screw, a thread depth in said metering section which is at least 3.5% of the screw diameter and a total length of the extrusion screw which is equal to about 20 to 27 times the screw diameter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US384071A 1963-08-03 1964-07-21 Apparatus for spinning filaments of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers Expired - Lifetime US3295160A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB0072987 1963-08-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3295160A true US3295160A (en) 1967-01-03

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Family Applications (1)

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US384071A Expired - Lifetime US3295160A (en) 1963-08-03 1964-07-21 Apparatus for spinning filaments of synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US3295160A (OSRAM)
BE (1) BE650625A (OSRAM)
CH (1) CH419436A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE1435353A1 (OSRAM)
FI (1) FI43330C (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR1402629A (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1042758A (OSRAM)
LU (1) LU46547A1 (OSRAM)
NL (1) NL6407829A (OSRAM)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3496603A (en) * 1967-08-17 1970-02-24 Johnson & Johnson Single screw extruder
US3596320A (en) * 1968-11-15 1971-08-03 Allied Chem Apparatus for melting and dispersion of thermoplastic polymers
US3817674A (en) * 1972-09-11 1974-06-18 Logic Display Corp Food extruding and spreading apparatus for coating food products
US3905588A (en) * 1974-02-08 1975-09-16 Cincinnati Milacron Inc Method and apparatus for plasticating polymers
US4072455A (en) * 1974-10-22 1978-02-07 Erich Beck Spiral-line press for thermoplastic synthetics
EP0051543A3 (en) * 1980-11-04 1983-06-29 Union Carbide Corporation Low-energy extruder-pump system
EP0105233A1 (en) * 1982-09-13 1984-04-11 Union Carbide Corporation Process for plasticization and pumping of low bulk density plastics
US20220016830A1 (en) * 2018-12-06 2022-01-20 Jabil Inc. Apparatus, system and method of forming polymer microspheres for use in additive manufacturing

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103966677B (zh) * 2014-05-16 2016-03-30 浙江金彩新材料有限公司 一种色母纺丝机

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2541201A (en) * 1948-08-28 1951-02-13 Nat Rubber Machinery Co Method of extrusion
US2692405A (en) * 1949-06-30 1954-10-26 American Viscose Corp Melt spinning apparatus
US2705343A (en) * 1951-10-31 1955-04-05 Tube Turns Plastics Inc Upwardly ejecting injection machine with plasticizing chamber
US2872703A (en) * 1955-01-24 1959-02-10 Western Electric Co Extrusion apparatus
US3123860A (en) * 1964-03-10 Extruder screw
US3145420A (en) * 1963-05-28 1964-08-25 Du Pont Apparatus for melt extruding fiberforming thermoplastic polymers
US3183553A (en) * 1961-11-10 1965-05-18 Shell Oil Co Crammer feeder for extruder

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3123860A (en) * 1964-03-10 Extruder screw
US2541201A (en) * 1948-08-28 1951-02-13 Nat Rubber Machinery Co Method of extrusion
US2692405A (en) * 1949-06-30 1954-10-26 American Viscose Corp Melt spinning apparatus
US2705343A (en) * 1951-10-31 1955-04-05 Tube Turns Plastics Inc Upwardly ejecting injection machine with plasticizing chamber
US2872703A (en) * 1955-01-24 1959-02-10 Western Electric Co Extrusion apparatus
US3183553A (en) * 1961-11-10 1965-05-18 Shell Oil Co Crammer feeder for extruder
US3145420A (en) * 1963-05-28 1964-08-25 Du Pont Apparatus for melt extruding fiberforming thermoplastic polymers

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3496603A (en) * 1967-08-17 1970-02-24 Johnson & Johnson Single screw extruder
US3596320A (en) * 1968-11-15 1971-08-03 Allied Chem Apparatus for melting and dispersion of thermoplastic polymers
US3817674A (en) * 1972-09-11 1974-06-18 Logic Display Corp Food extruding and spreading apparatus for coating food products
US3905588A (en) * 1974-02-08 1975-09-16 Cincinnati Milacron Inc Method and apparatus for plasticating polymers
US4072455A (en) * 1974-10-22 1978-02-07 Erich Beck Spiral-line press for thermoplastic synthetics
EP0051543A3 (en) * 1980-11-04 1983-06-29 Union Carbide Corporation Low-energy extruder-pump system
EP0105233A1 (en) * 1982-09-13 1984-04-11 Union Carbide Corporation Process for plasticization and pumping of low bulk density plastics
US20220016830A1 (en) * 2018-12-06 2022-01-20 Jabil Inc. Apparatus, system and method of forming polymer microspheres for use in additive manufacturing
US11868124B2 (en) * 2018-12-06 2024-01-09 Jabil Inc. Apparatus, system and method of forming polymer microspheres for use in additive manufacturing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1435353A1 (de) 1969-03-13
FI43330B (OSRAM) 1970-11-30
FI43330C (fi) 1971-03-10
FR1402629A (fr) 1965-06-11
LU46547A1 (OSRAM) 1964-09-16
CH419436A (de) 1966-08-31
GB1042758A (en) 1966-09-14
NL6407829A (OSRAM) 1965-02-04
BE650625A (OSRAM) 1964-11-16

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