US3295016A - Manufacture of electric incandescent lamps - Google Patents

Manufacture of electric incandescent lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
US3295016A
US3295016A US335018A US33501864A US3295016A US 3295016 A US3295016 A US 3295016A US 335018 A US335018 A US 335018A US 33501864 A US33501864 A US 33501864A US 3295016 A US3295016 A US 3295016A
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United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
lamp
lead
wire
wires
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US335018A
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English (en)
Inventor
Reginald J Ayres
Vargo Paul
Arthur P Russell
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US335018A priority Critical patent/US3295016A/en
Priority to GB51817/64A priority patent/GB1089539A/en
Priority to ES0307365A priority patent/ES307365A1/es
Priority to CH1675564A priority patent/CH438486A/de
Priority to ES0307674A priority patent/ES307674A1/es
Priority to NL6415233A priority patent/NL6415233A/xx
Priority to FR441A priority patent/FR1419322A/fr
Priority to BE657780D priority patent/BE657780A/xx
Priority to AT2365A priority patent/AT248539B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3295016A publication Critical patent/US3295016A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of making an electric incandescent lamp and a mount therefor.
  • incandescent lamp in common use at present for certain lighting applications such as, for example, instrument panel and vehicular interior or dome lighting, is in the form of a miniature double-ended tubular or so-called festoon lamp comprised of a tubular glass envelope or bulb in which is sealed a lamp mount consisting of a filament connected across a pair of lead-in conductors or wires which are respectively sealed through the opposite ends of the envelope.
  • the envelope is customarily provided with an inert gas filling and with end terminals or contacts generally in the form of metal end caps or bases cemented or otherwise fastened to the opposite ends of the envelope.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a novel method of fabricating a double-ended type incandescent lamp which permits the complete fabrication of the lamp on a single lamp making machine with a minimum of manufacturing operations.
  • -a lamp mount holder is inserted through a glass lamp envelope having openings in its opposite ends and a lamp mount then fabricated on the through-inserted end of the holder, after which the envelope and the mount holder with the formed mount held therein are then repositioned to locate the mount in sealing position within the envelope and the mount then sealed into the opposite ends of the envelope.
  • the interior of the envelope may be provided with an inert gas filling which may be introduced thereinto, after the sealing of the mount into one end of the envelope, by flushing the interior of the envelope with an inert gas directed thereinto through the open other end of the envelope from a flushing nozzle inserted thereinto, and then sealing the mount into the said other end of the envelope immediately upon withdrawal of the flushing nozzle therefrom.
  • an inert gas filling which may be introduced thereinto, after the sealing of the mount into one end of the envelope, by flushing the interior of the envelope with an inert gas directed thereinto through the open other end of the envelope from a flushing nozzle inserted thereinto, and then sealing the mount into the said other end of the envelope immediately upon withdrawal of the flushing nozzle therefrom.
  • the mount is formed on the through-inserted end of the 3,295,916 Patented Dec. 27, 1966 mount holder by gripping a length of wire between the said holder and a second holder located exteriorly of the envelope, severing the wire length at a region between the said holders to form two separate lead-in wires, and then connecting a filament across the severed ends of the gripped lead-in wires.
  • FIGS. 1 to 7 illustrate the successive process steps involved in the fabrication of an electric incandescent lamp in accordance with one form of the method comprising the invention
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the finished lamp produced by the method according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are views illustrating the successive initial steps involved in fabricating an electric incandescent lamp according to a modified form of the method comprising the invention.
  • a doubleended glass lamp envelope or bulb 1 preferably of tubular shape as shown and provided at its opposite ends with openings 2 and 3 in reduced diameter neck end portions 4 and 5, respectively, is first placed over an upstanding lead-in wire holder or chuck 6 so as to elfect insertion of the holder completely through the envelope 1 through the openings 2, 3 in its opposite ends.
  • the envelope 1 is disposed vertically with its opopsite end openings 2, 3 vertically aligned with one another, and it may be suitably supported in such position as by resting its lower end on an envelope support collar 7 surrounding the holder 6.
  • the holder 6 With the holder 6 thus inserted through theenvelope 1, the end of a straight length of wire 8, from which the lead-in wires 9, 10 (FIG. 2) of the lamp are formed, is then inserted in and firmly gripped by the holder 6.
  • the holder 6 is provided with a vertically extending wire receiving opening or passageway 11 (FIG. 1) in its upper end within which passageway the wire 8 is received and gripped between suitable clamping jaws (not shown) located within the holder 6.
  • the length 8 of wire is preferably fed from a continuous supply reel 12 thereof disposed directly above the upper end of the lead-in wire holder 6, and it is additionally gripped by an upper holder 13 suitably comprised of clamping jaws, such as a pair of clamping jaws 14, 15, so as to extend vertically in substantial coaxial alignment with the envelope 1 and the openings 2 and 3 thereof. While gripped in the holders 6, 13, the wire length 8 extending therebetween is severed from the remainder of the supply 12 thereof at a point above the upper holder 13, as denoted by the dash-dot line 16 in FIG. 1, 'by suitable wire cutting means (not shown).
  • the severed length of wire 8 gripped in the holders 6 and 13 is next cut in two at a point 'between the two holders, as denoted by the dash-dot line 17 in FIG. 1, to thereby form two separate lead-in Wires 9 and 10 (FIG. 2) of substantially equal length.
  • the adjacent or facing severed inner end portions of the gripped lead-in wires 9 and 10 are then suitably reshaped to provide filament connection portions, as by forming the said wire ends with partial Z-bends 18 as shown in dotted lines in FIG. 1 and with filament clamping hooks 19, between which a coiled filament 20 such as a tungsten wire coil is then connected or clamped as shown in FIG.
  • the leadin wires 9, 10 may be axially repositioned relative to one another, as by movement of the lower holder 6 toward or away from the upper holder 13, in order to thereby accurately space the filament connection portions or hooks 19 of the lead-in wires the necessary predetermined distance apart to effect clamping of the desired length of the filament coil 20 therebetween.
  • a conventional type getter material 22 such as a mixture of powdered aluminum and powdered zirconium for example, is applied onto the portions of the lead-in wires 9, immediately adjacent their hooked ends 19, such as on the angular Z-bend portions 18 thereof.
  • the getter material 22 serves to prevent immediate blackening of the lamp envelope l'upon initial operation or light-up of the completed lamp.
  • the getter material 22 may be applied onto the lead-in wires 9, 10 as coatings of a suspension of the aluminum and zirconium powder admixture in a suitable binder such as nitrocellulose dissolved in a suitable thinner such as amyl acetate.
  • the binder is burned out of the getter coatings 22 by the heat attending the subsequentl sealing of the lamp mount 21 into the lamp envelope 1.
  • the glass envelope 1 and lamp mount 21 are next repositioned relative to one another, as by moving the envelope 1 upwardly around the mount 21, to thereby introduce the mount into the envelope and locate these parts in sealing position relative to one another as shown in FIG. 3, with the filament of the lamp mount more or less centered lengthwise within the envelope 1.
  • upward movement of the envelope 1 to, and the supporta ing thereof in its said sealing position may be eifected by an envelope holder 23 suitably comprised of a pair of clamping jaws 24, 25 and vertically movable relative to the mount carrying holders 6, 13.
  • the upper neck end 4 of the envelope is then suitably heated, as by means of gas fires 26 directed thereagainst from burners 27, to soften the glass and fuse it around the lead-in wire 9 positioned therewithin.
  • a suitable inert gas such as nitrogen which is directed upwardly through the envelope.
  • the flushing gas may be directed into the envelope 1 by gas jets from a-flushing nozzle positioned at the lower neck end -5 of the envelope and preferably inserted a slight distance into the lower neck end opening 3 of the envelope.
  • the flushing nozzle may conveniently be constituted by the upper end of the lead-in wire holder 6 itself which, as shown in FIG. 1, may be provided for such purpose with one or more nozzle openings 28 (two in the particular case illustrated) in its top end face for directing jets 28a of the inert gas upwardly into the envelope.
  • the openings 28 communicate with an interior passageway 29 extending through the holder 6 and connected to a source of inert gas supply.
  • the heating of the glass envelope by the gas fires 26 to effect the fushion of the upper end 4 of the envelope 1 also serves to burn out the organic binder in the getter coatings 22 on the lead-in wires 9, 10 of the lamp mount, the resulting volatile decomposition products thus formed being carried out of the envelope by the inert gas flowing therethrough.
  • the removal of the binder and its decomposition products from the envelope is essential because of the detrimental effect they have on lamp operation even if small traces thereof remain in the finished lamp.
  • one or both of the flat sides of the stem press 31 are formed with a shallow V or U-shaped groove 32 extending longitudinally of the envelope more or less axially thereof, which groove or grooves are formed by a suit-ably shaped ridge or ridges in the opposed press or work faces of the pressing jaws 30.
  • the envelope is again flushed with an inert gas which may be directed upwardly into the envelope by gas jets 28b from the nozzle openings 28 in holder 6.
  • the inert flushing gas employed at this stage of the lamp making process is of the composition which is desired for the final filling gas in the finished lamp, argon being the preferred gas for such purpose.
  • the flushing of the envelope 1 with the argon or other inert filling gas must be carried out in such a way as to insure the removal and replacement of all the gaseous atmosphere within the envelope by the argon or other inert filling gas, inasmuch as the presence in the final sealed lamp of any residual atmospheric air, or of any decomposition products of the organic binder employed for the getter coatings 22, would be highly detrimental to the operation of the completed lamp.
  • the flushing nozzle or holder 6, in this phase of the lamp making operation be inserted at least part way, e.g., at least one millimeter or 8021s in the particular case illustrated, into the open lower neck end 5 of the envelope in order to thereby avoid the aspiration of atmospheric air into the envelope by the jets 28b of filling gas which are directed into the envelope from the nozzle openings 28 in the flushing nozzle 6.
  • the lower neck end 5 of the envelope is suitably heated, as by means of gas fires 33 directed thereagainst from burners 34, to soften the glass and fuse it around the lead-in wire 10 positioned therewithin.
  • the heating of the lower neck end 5 of the envelope by the gas fires 33 also serves to further ensure the complete burning out of the organic binder in the getter coatings 22 on the lead-in wires 9, 10 and the removal of the volatile decomposition products thereof from the envelope by the filling gas directed into the envelope from the flushing nozzle 6.
  • the combination flushing nozzle and holder 6 is then immediately moved downwardly to withdraw it from within the lower neck end 5 of the envelope and stretch out the coiled filament 20 to the desired final length, and the softened glass of the neck end 5 then immediately compressed firmly around the lead-in wire 10, between a pair of opposed pressing jaws 35, to thereby form a more or less flattened external stem press or seal portion 36 substantially identical to the upper stem press 31 and through which the lead-in wire 10 is hermetically sealed so as to extend endwise therefrom.
  • the stem press 36 thus formed, like the other stem press 31 at the other end of the envelope, is pressed with a similar shallow V or U-shaped groove 37 in one or both of its flattened sides, which groove or grooves are formed by a suitably shaped ridge or ridges in the opposed press or work faces of the pressing jaws 35.
  • the formation of the lower stern press 36 completes the hermetic sealing of the lamp mount 21 into the envelope 1 so that the latter then constitutes a completely hermetically sealed enclosure containing the desired inert filling gas. All that then remains to complete the fabrication of the lamp according to the invention .is to bend the outwardly projecting portions 9', of the lead-in wires 9, 10 back around the ends and down against the flattened sides of the respective stem press seals 31, 36, in the manner shown in FIG. 7, so as to lie flat thereagainst within the grooves 32 and 37 to thereby form the contact terminals for the lamp.
  • This wire bending operation may be performed either on the same machine employed to seal the lamp mount 21 into the envelope 1, or on a separate machine.
  • the completed lamp 38 as thus formed (FIG.
  • the modified lamp making process according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 differs from that described previously only in the manner of fabricating the lamp mount 39 on the through-inserted end of the holder 6.
  • a pair of precut lead-in wires 9 and 10 of the proper length are positioned in spaced vertically extending side-by-side relation with each other with the wire 10 upstanding from and gripped by the combination holder and flushing nozzle 6 and the other wire 9 upstanding from and gripped by a pivoted holder 40 which is mounted for pivotal movement in a vertical plane through an arc of approximately 180, as indicated by the dash-dot line in FIG.
  • a filament is then connected across the upper ends of the lead-in wires 9, 10 to thereby complete the fabrication of the lamp mount 39.
  • the filament connection ends of the lead-in wires 9, 10 may be formed with hooks 19 for clamping the filament 20 to the lead-in wires.
  • the lead-in wire 9 is then swung upwardly in an are, as by pivotal movement of the holder 40, into an upside down position as shown in dash-dot lines in FIG. 9, so as to be in vertical alignment with but spaced the proper distance endwise from the other lead-in wire 10 for sealing into the upper neck end 4 of the glass lamp envelope 1.
  • the mount 39 as thus reformed is then in readiness for the sealing thereof into the envelope 1 which, for such purpose, is raised into sealing position around the mount 39, as shown in FIG. 10. From this point on, the remainder of the lamp making process is then exactly the same as that described hereinbefore in connection with FIGS. 1 to 6.
  • the method of making a mount structure for an electric incandescent lamp comprising the steps of feeding a length of wire from a continuous supply thereof and temporarily gripping it at spaced points therealong, severing the said length of wire from the remainder thereof and cutting it in two between the gripped regions thereof to form two separate lead-in wires, reshaping the adjacent severed ends of the gripped lead-in wires to form spaced filament connection portions, and then connecting a filament across the said filament connection portions of the gripped lead-in wires.
  • the method of making an electric incandescent lamp comprising the steps of temporarily gripping and supporting a straight length of wire at spaced points therealong, severing the said wire length between the gripped regions thereof into two separate lead-in wires and spacing their severed ends a predetermined distance apart, connecting a filament across the severed ends of the gripped lead-in wires to form a lamp mount, positioning the lamp mount in sealing relation within a glass lamp envelope while maintaining the supporting grip on each of said lead-in wires, and then sealing the lamp mount into the said envelope.
  • the method of making an electric incandescent lamp comprising the steps of temporarily gripping and supporting a straight length of wire at spaced points therealong, severing the said wire length between the gripped regions thereof into two separate lead-in wires and spacing their severed ends a predetermined distance apart, connecting a filament across the severed ends of the gripped lead-in wires to form a lamp mount, positioning the lamp mount, while maintaining the supporting grip on each of its said lead-in wires, in sealing relation within a glass lamp envelope with the lead-in wires of the mount disposed within respective openings in opposite ends of the envelope, fusing and sealing one of the open ends of said envelope around the respective mount lead-in wire positioned therewithin, flushing the interior of said envelope with a stream of inert gas directed thereinto from its other open end, and then fusing and sealing the said other end of the envelope around the respective mount lead-in wire positioned therewithin.
  • the method of making an electric incandescent lamp comprising the steps of inserting a lead-in vw're holder through a glass lamp envelope through openings in opposite ends thereof, forming on the through-inserted end of said holder a lamp mount comprised of a pair of lead-in wires and a filament connected therebetween, repositioning the envelope and said holder relative to one another to locate the lamp mount in sealing position within the envelope with the filament thereof disposed within the envelope and the lead-in wires located within respective open ends of the envelope, fusing and sealing one of the open ends of said envelope around the respective mount lead-in 'wire positioned therewithin, flushing the interior of said envelope with a stream of inert gas directed thereinto from its other open end, and then fusing and sealing the said other end of the envelope around the respective mount lead-in wire positioned therewithin.
  • the method of making .an electric incandescent lamp comprising the steps of inserting a lead-in wire holder through a glass lamp envelope through openings in opposite ends thereof, forming a lamp mount on the throughinserted end of said holder, applying on said lamp mount a getter material suspended in an organic binder, repositioning the envelope and said holder relative to one another to locate the lamp mount in sealing position within the envelope, heating the lamp envelope to burn out the said organic binder while simultaneously flushing the interior of said envelope with a stream of inert gas directed thereinto from one of its open ends and passing out through its other open end fusing and sealing the said other end of the envelope, again flushing the interior of i said envelope with an inert gas directed thereinto from a flushing nozzle positioned within its said one open end, and then fusing and sealing the said one end of the envelope.
  • the method of making an electric incandescent lamp comprising the steps of inserting a lead-in wire holder through a glass lamp envelope through openings in the opposite ends thereof, clamping a length of wire between the through-inserted end of said holder and a second holder located exteriorly of said envelope, severing the said length of Wire at a region between the said holders to form two separate lead-in wires held in the respective holders, reshaping the adjacent severed ends of said lead-in wires to form spaced filament connection portions, mounting a filament on the said filament connection portions of said lead-in wires to form a lamp mount, repositioning the envelope and said holders relative to one another to locate the said lamp mount in sealing position within the envelope, and then sealing the said lamp mount into the opposite ends of the envelope.
  • the method of making an electric incandescent lamp comprising the steps of inserting a lead-in wire holder through a glass lamp envelope through openings in opposite ends thereof, feeding a length of 'wire from a continuous supply thereof and clamping it between the through-insertedend of said holder and a second holder located exteriorly of said envelope, severing the said length of Wire from the remainder of the said supply thereof and cutting it in two at a region between the said holders to form two separate lead-in wires held in the respective holders, reshaping the adjacent severed ends of said lead-in wires to form spaced filament clamping hooks thereon, clamping a filament in the said hooks on the lead-in wires to form a lamp mount, repositioning the envelope and said holders relative to one another to locate the said lamp mount in sealing position within the envelope, and then sealing the said lamp mount into the opposite ends of the envelope.
  • the method of making an electric incandescent lamp comprising the steps of inserting a lead-in wire holder through a glass lamp envelope through openings in opposite ends thereof, feeding a length of wire from a continuous supply thereof and clamping it between the through-inserted end of said holder and a second holder located exteriorly of said envelope, severing the said length of wire from the remainder of the said supply thereof and cutting it in two at a region between the said holders to form two separate lead-in Wires held in the respective holders, reshaping the adjacent severed ends of said lead-in Wires to form spaced filament clamping hooks thereon, clamping a filament in the said hooks on the lead-in wires to form a lamp mount, repositioning the envelope and said holders relative to one another to locate the said lamp mount in sealing position within the envelope, fusing and sealing one of the open ends of said envelope around the respective lead-in wire positioned therewithin, flushing the interior of said envelope with a stream of inert gas directed thereinto from within its

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US335018A 1964-01-02 1964-01-02 Manufacture of electric incandescent lamps Expired - Lifetime US3295016A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US335018A US3295016A (en) 1964-01-02 1964-01-02 Manufacture of electric incandescent lamps
GB51817/64A GB1089539A (en) 1964-01-02 1964-12-21 Improvements in manufacture of electric incandescent lamps
ES0307365A ES307365A1 (es) 1964-01-02 1964-12-21 Un metodo de hacer una lampara incandescente electrica.
CH1675564A CH438486A (de) 1964-01-02 1964-12-28 Verfahren zur Herstellung von elektrischen Glühlampen
ES0307674A ES307674A1 (es) 1964-01-02 1964-12-29 Un metodo de hacer una estructura de montura para una lampara de incandescencia
NL6415233A NL6415233A (es) 1964-01-02 1964-12-30
FR441A FR1419322A (fr) 1964-01-02 1964-12-30 Perfectionnements aux méthodes de fabrication de lampes électriques à incandescence
BE657780D BE657780A (es) 1964-01-02 1964-12-30
AT2365A AT248539B (de) 1964-01-02 1965-01-04 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Glühbirne

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US335018A US3295016A (en) 1964-01-02 1964-01-02 Manufacture of electric incandescent lamps

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US3295016A true US3295016A (en) 1966-12-27

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US335018A Expired - Lifetime US3295016A (en) 1964-01-02 1964-01-02 Manufacture of electric incandescent lamps

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US (1) US3295016A (es)
AT (1) AT248539B (es)
BE (1) BE657780A (es)
CH (1) CH438486A (es)
ES (2) ES307365A1 (es)
FR (1) FR1419322A (es)
GB (1) GB1089539A (es)
NL (1) NL6415233A (es)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3736630A (en) * 1969-07-31 1973-06-05 Shapiro N Apparatus and methods for making miniature incandescent lamps and the like
US3791710A (en) * 1972-03-24 1974-02-12 Wagner Electric Corp Method for producing a multiple filamented cartridge lamp
US4389201A (en) * 1979-03-12 1983-06-21 General Electric Company Method of manufacturing a lamp
US5209689A (en) * 1991-12-27 1993-05-11 Gte Products Corporation Methods for mounting filaments in tubular incandescent lamp capsules
US5213536A (en) * 1991-01-02 1993-05-25 Gte Products Corporation Filamented lamp manufacture method
CN105736984A (zh) * 2016-04-05 2016-07-06 浙江鼎炬电子科技股份有限公司 一种用于led灯丝灯的热缩套管套设装置及套设方法
CN105805446A (zh) * 2016-04-14 2016-07-27 浙江鼎炬电子科技股份有限公司 一种灯泡灯丝的穿透明套管设备及穿透明套管方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3100209A1 (de) * 1980-01-21 1981-11-19 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. "gluehlampe"

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE432879C (de) * 1926-08-16 Patra Patent Treuhand Verfahren und Anordnung zur Herstellung von Stromzufuehrungsdraehten fuer elektrische Gluehlampen

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE432879C (de) * 1926-08-16 Patra Patent Treuhand Verfahren und Anordnung zur Herstellung von Stromzufuehrungsdraehten fuer elektrische Gluehlampen

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3736630A (en) * 1969-07-31 1973-06-05 Shapiro N Apparatus and methods for making miniature incandescent lamps and the like
US3791710A (en) * 1972-03-24 1974-02-12 Wagner Electric Corp Method for producing a multiple filamented cartridge lamp
US4389201A (en) * 1979-03-12 1983-06-21 General Electric Company Method of manufacturing a lamp
US5213536A (en) * 1991-01-02 1993-05-25 Gte Products Corporation Filamented lamp manufacture method
US5209689A (en) * 1991-12-27 1993-05-11 Gte Products Corporation Methods for mounting filaments in tubular incandescent lamp capsules
CN105736984A (zh) * 2016-04-05 2016-07-06 浙江鼎炬电子科技股份有限公司 一种用于led灯丝灯的热缩套管套设装置及套设方法
CN105736984B (zh) * 2016-04-05 2019-01-15 浙江鼎炬电子科技股份有限公司 一种用于led灯丝灯的热缩套管套设装置及套设方法
CN105805446A (zh) * 2016-04-14 2016-07-27 浙江鼎炬电子科技股份有限公司 一种灯泡灯丝的穿透明套管设备及穿透明套管方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6415233A (es) 1965-07-05
CH438486A (de) 1967-06-30
GB1089539A (en) 1967-11-01
BE657780A (es) 1965-04-16
ES307365A1 (es) 1965-04-16
AT248539B (de) 1966-08-10
FR1419322A (fr) 1965-11-26
ES307674A1 (es) 1965-05-01

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