US3292326A - Heat-resistant structural element and the like - Google Patents

Heat-resistant structural element and the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US3292326A
US3292326A US284780A US28478063A US3292326A US 3292326 A US3292326 A US 3292326A US 284780 A US284780 A US 284780A US 28478063 A US28478063 A US 28478063A US 3292326 A US3292326 A US 3292326A
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United States
Prior art keywords
volume
plates
fire
adjacent
heat
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US284780A
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English (en)
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Holzwarth Wilhelm
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OLACULITH PATENTVERWERTUNGS A
OLACULITH PATENTVERWERTUNGS AG
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OLACULITH PATENTVERWERTUNGS A
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/04—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/22—Connection of slabs, panels, sheets or the like to the supporting construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0068—Ingredients with a function or property not provided for elsewhere in C04B2103/00
    • C04B2103/0091—Organic co-binders for mineral binder compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00862—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for nuclear applications, e.g. ray-absorbing concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat-resistant structural element or the like and, more particularly, the present invention is concerned with a structural or building element having fire-resistant and heat-insulating properties and, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, also having radiation-blocking propertim, which element may be in the shape of a plate, a box, a shell for covering another body or building element and the like. It is frequently desirable and sometimes required by building ordinances and the like to protect building elements against fire and heat. For instance, the steel skeleton of buildings usually must be covered with fire-resistant material. More recently it has also been required in many cases that structures of reinforced concrete, particularly with prestressed reinforcements, as well as other temperature sensitive structures are shielded or covered with fire-resistant material.
  • the present invention includes a composite structure element having fire-resistant and heat-insulating properties, comprising, in combination, a plurality of shaped solid bodies consisting of a mixture of (1) a substance selected from the group consisting of expanded perlite and vermiculite, (2') clay and (3) a substance selected from the group consisting of cement and gypsum, the shaped solid bodies being arranged adjacent to each other with adjacent edge faces of adjacent bodies spaced from each other but a short distance defining a narrow open space therebetween, and a solid binder consisting essentially of an intimate mixture of perlite, glass powder, water glass and clay substantially filing the narrow open space thereby firmly adhering the shaped solid bodies to each other.
  • cement as used in the following specification and claims is intended to include also gypsum.
  • the same comprises in a composite structural element having fire-resistant and heat-insulating properties, a plurality of plates consisting of about six parts by volume of perlite, about two parts by volume of plaster of Paris and about one part by volume of bentonite, the plates having reinforcing members of expanded metal incorporated therein and the plates being arranged adjacent to each other in edge-to-ed-ge relationship, adjacent edges of adjacent plates having along the length thereof spaced projections and recesses, the projections of one of the adjacent edges registering with the recesses of the other of the adjacent edges and being located within and spaced from the .same so as to define a narrow open space between the adjacent edges; a solid binder consisting essentially of about two parts by volume of water glass, about two and one half parts by volume of glass powder, about two and one half parts by volume of perlite, and about one half part by volume of benton-ite filling the narrow open space thereby forming a composite plate having opposite faces, and a layer consist
  • an insulating material of the above described composition is combined with certain structural features of the edges of the insulating bodies, plates or the like, which are located adjacent to and facing each other; and the joints between adjacent insulating bodies are filled with a binder material of the above described composition.
  • the insulating plates or the like are formed of an intimate mixture of about six parts by volume of perlite, about one part by volume cement and one part by volume clay.
  • proportions are given in parts by volume, it is to be understood that such proportions may deviate upwardly and downwardly by up to about
  • six parts by volume of perlite are meant to denote between 5.4 and 6.6 parts by volume thereof.
  • Perlite is a well known inorganic incombustible material containing closed micropores and is produced of volcanic mineral in an expansion process requiring heating of the mineral to more than 1000 C. By this expansion process, the volume of the mineral material is increased to between about and times its orginal volume. Perlite is resistant to moisture, non-hygroscopic and possesses a relatively high pressure resistance.
  • the heat conductivity of perlite (lamba) equals between 0.034 and 0.040 kcaL/mh. C.
  • a commercially available perlite having particle sizes of up to 4 mm. and a specific gravity of between 50 and 70 kg./m. is used.
  • the cement preferably will be of a quickly binding type and the preferred clay is natural bentonite corresponding substantially to the formula:
  • the cement of the plate forming mixture with gypsum or preferably with plaster of Paris.
  • the preferred composition of the mixture will be six parts by volume of perlite, two parts by volume of gypsum and one part by volume of clay.
  • Insulating bodies according to the present invention which will be exposed to atmospheric conditions or placed in moist locations are preferably made of a cement-containing mixture.
  • perlite may be replaced with an equal proportion of vermiculite.
  • the adjacent edges of adjacent insulating plates or the like according to the present invention will dove-tail or will be formed with registering projections and recesses whereby a depth of the recess of between about 2 and 2.5 cm. will suffice.
  • the adjacent edges may also be formed with other types of overlapping or intermeshing faces.
  • a binder material which originally contains an organic binder, perlite, glass powder and clay, the latter preferably in the form of bentonite.
  • the binder material will be of the following composition: two parts by volume of a 50% nonre-emulsifiable dispersion of polyvinylpropionate, for instance of the type known as Propiofan 5D, 6D made by BASF, 2 parts by volume of water glass, 2.5 parts by volume of perlite, 2.5 parts glass powder and 0.5 part bentonite.
  • the 50% polyvinylpropionate dispersion commercially available from the Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik AG under the trade name Propiofan can be diluted with water to any desired degree but will give upon drying a water insoluble film which cannot be re-emulsified.
  • the size of the suspended particles is between 0.3 and 2 microns.
  • the organic binder material of the above mixture which initially provides the adhesive power will be destroyed upon exposure to sufiiciently high temperatures and the remaining inorganic constituents of the mixtures will then form a firm fire resistant and heat insulating bonding material which may safely be exposed to temperatures of up to and even in excess of 1000 C.
  • a plate thickness of between about 30 and 38 mm. will sufiice, however, it is of course within the scope of the present invention to provide plates or other shaped fire resistant and heat insulating bodies of greater or also of smaller cross sectional dimensions.
  • the heat insulating and fire resistant structure will also absorb and thus block radiation such as radioactive rays.
  • a lead-containing layer having a thickness of for instance 20 mm.
  • Such radiation blocking layer may be formed of a mixture of 50 parts by volume lead powder having a particle size of up to 1 mm., 30 parts by volume quartz sand, 10 parts by volume cement and 10 parts by volume clay, preferably bentonite.
  • the indications of volumetric proportions are meant to include a tolerance of 10% in either direction.
  • the ceiling structure comprises I-bearns 1 supporting a steel reinforced concrete plate 2.
  • the protective structure according to the present invention consists of a false ceiling which is suspended from I-beams 1.
  • Elongated bars 4 of T-shaped cross section are suspended by suitable hook-shaped elements and wires from elongated bars 3 of suitable cross section which rest on the lower flanges of the beams 1, portions of the bars 4 also being connected to the lower flanges of the beams 1.
  • the lower portions of the bars 4 are perforated and have fastened thereto, by means of countersunk screws, the insulating plates which have a thickness of approximately 30 mm. and which are reinforced with expanded, ribbed steel 9.
  • the insulating plates 5 are provided with mating projections 6 which complement and overlap each other at the side edges of the plates 5.
  • the gaps between the overlapping portions 6 are filled and sealed with the binder material 7 described further above.
  • the space between the lower side of the beams 1 and the upper side of the insulating plates 5 may be approximately 65 mm.
  • a layer of radiation blocking material 8 may be applied to the lower face of the false ceiling formed by plates 5.
  • the above described ceiling structure was installed in a test building, the false ceiling extending horizontally and so that the distance between parallel I-beams 1 amounted to 4 meters.
  • a fire test was then carried out in accordance with German standards DIN 4102. Within 10 minutes, the temperature within the test building reached 650 C., after 30 minutes 880 C., after 60 minutes 1000 C. and after minutes about 1025 C. Thereafter, the fire was extinguished within three minutes by applying a stream of water at a gauge pressure of two atmospheres from a distance of 3 meters.
  • the protective ceiling structure according to the present invention could resist for one and one-half hours exposure to fire and subsequent contact with water under pressure used for extinguishing the fire and that during the entire test the structure of the false ceiling remained essentially unaffected.
  • a composite structural element having fire-resistant and heat-insulating properties comprising, in combination, a plurality of shaped solid bodies consisting of a mixture of (1) a substance selected from the group consisting of expanded perlite and vermiculite, (2) clay and (3) cement, said shaped solid bodies being arranged adjacent to each other with adjacent edge faces of adjacent bodies spaced from each other but a short distance defining a narrow open space therebetween; and a solid binder consisting essentially of an intimate mixture of perlite, glass powder, water glass and clay substantially filling said narrow open space thereby firmly adhering said shaped solid bodies to each other.
  • a first Wall a second wall adjacent said first wall, said second wall comprising a plurality of plates consisting of a mixture of (1) a substance selected from the group consisting of expanded perlite and vermiculite, (2) bentonite and (3) cement, said plates being arranged adjacent to each other with adjacent edge faces of adjacent plates spaced from each other but a short distance defining a narrow open space therebetween, and a solid binder consisting of an intimate mixture of an organic binder material, perlite, glass pow der, water glass and clay substantially filling said narrow open spaces thereby firmly adhering said plates to each other; and attaching means for attaching said second wall to said first wall, whereby said first Wall will be protected against fire and heat by the interposition of said second wall between said first Wall and a source of fire and heat.
  • a composite structural element having fire-resistant and heat-insulating properties comprising, in combination, a plurality of plates consisting of a mixture of (1) a substance selected from the group consisting of expanded perlite and vermiculite, (2) bentonite and (3) cement, said plates being arranged adjacent to each other in edge-to-edge relationship, adjacent edges of adjacent plates having along the length thereof spaced projections and recesses, the projections of one of said adjacent edges registering with the recesses of the other of said adjacent edges and being located within and spaced from the same so as to define a narrow open space between said adjacent edges; and a solid binder consisting essentially of an intimate mixture of an organic binder material, perlite, glass powder, water glass and clay substantially filling said narrow open space thereby firmly adhering said plates to each other.
  • a composite structural element having fire-resistant and heat-insulating properties comprising, in combination, a plurality of shaped solid bodies consisting of a mixture of (1) about six parts by volume of a substance selected from the group consisting of expanded perlite and vermiculite, (2) about one part by volume of clay and 3) about one part by volume of cement, said shaped solid bodies being arranged adjacent to each other with adjacent edge faces of adjacent bodies spaced from each other but a short distance defining a narrow open space therebetween; and a solid binder consisting essentially of an intimate mixture of perlite, glass powder, water glass and clay substantially filling said narrow open space thereby firmly adhering said shaped solid bodies to each other.
  • a composite structural element having fire-resistant and heat-insulating properties comprising, in combination, a plurality of plates consisting of a mixture of (l) a substance selected from the group consisting of expanded perlite and vermiculite, (2) clay and (3) cement, said plates having reinforcing members of expanded metal incorporated therein and said plates being arranged adjacent to each other with adjacent edge faces of adjacent bodies spaced from each other but a short distance defining a narrow open space therebetween; and a solid binder consisting essentially of an intimate mixture of perlite, glass powder, water glass and clay substantially filling said narrow open space thereby firmly adhering said plates to each other.
  • a composite structural element having fire-resistant and heat-insulating properties comprising, in combination, a plurality of shaped solid bodies consisting of a mixture of (1) a substance selected from the group consisting of expanded perlite and vermiculite, (2) clay and (3) cement, said shaped solid bodies being arranged adjacent to each other with adjacent edge faces of adjacent 'bodies spaced from each other but a short distance defining a narrow open space therebetween; and a solid binder consisting of about two parts by volume of a 50% dispersion of polyvinyl propionate, about two parts by volume of water glass, about two and one half parts by volume of glass powder, about two and one half parts by volume of perlite and about one half part by volume of bentonite filling said narrow open space thereby firmly adhering said shaped solid bodies to each other.
  • a composite structural element having fire-resistant and heat-insulating properties comprising, in combination, a plurality of plates consisting of a mixture of 1) a substance selected from the group consisting of expanded perlite and vermiculite, (2) clay and (3) cement, said plates being arranged adjacent to each other with adjacent edge faces of adjacent plates spaced from each other but a short distance defining a narrow open space therebetween; a solid binder consisting essentially of an intimate mixture of perlite, glass powder, water glass and clay substantially filling said narrow open space thereby and heat-insulating properties, comprising, in combination, a plurality of plates consisting of a mixture of (1) a substance selected from the group consisting of expanded perlite and vermiculite, (2) clay and (3) cement, said plates being arranged adjacent to each other with adjacent edge faces of adjacent plates spaced from each other but a short distance defining a narrow open space therebetween; a solid binder consisting essentially of an intimate mixture of perlite, glass powder, water glass and clay substantially filling said narrow open space thereby forming a
  • a composite structural element having fire-resistant and heat-insulating properties comprising, in combination, a plurality of plates consisting of about six parts by volume of perlite, about two parts by volume of plaster 39 of Paris and about one part by volume of bentonite, said plates having reinforcing members of expanded metal incorporated therein and said plates being arranged adjacent to each other in edge-to-edge relationship, adjacent edges of adjacent plates having along the length thereof spaced projections and recesses, the projections of one of said adjacent edges registering with the recesses of the other of said adjacent edges and being located within and spaced from the same so as to define a narrow open space between said adjacent edges; a solid binder consisting essentially of about two parts by volume of water glass, about two and one half parts by volume of glass powder, about two and one half parts by volume of perlite, and about one half part by volume of bentonite filling said narrow open space thereby forming a composite plate having opposite faces; and a layer consisting of about fifty parts by volume of lead powder, about thirty parts by volume

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
US284780A 1962-05-29 1963-05-28 Heat-resistant structural element and the like Expired - Lifetime US3292326A (en)

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DEH0045916 1962-05-29

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US (1) US3292326A (id)
BE (1) BE632884A (id)
CH (1) CH428152A (id)
DE (1) DE1409969A1 (id)
GB (1) GB1052393A (id)
NL (1) NL293364A (id)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3422587A (en) * 1968-01-05 1969-01-21 Malcolm G Murray Plasterboard with a remoistenable plaster facing
US4829734A (en) * 1986-10-31 1989-05-16 Eltech Systems Corporation Ceramic fiber insulation module and method of assembly
US5176876A (en) * 1990-10-10 1993-01-05 Simko & Sons Industrial Refractories Inc. Insulating ceramic fiber batting module, anchoring system, ladle cover assembly and method of assembly
US5234660A (en) * 1990-10-10 1993-08-10 Simko & Sons Industrial Refractories, Inc. Insulating ceramic fiber batting module, anchoring system, ladle cover assembly and method of assembly
WO2008091369A2 (en) * 2006-09-18 2008-07-31 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Armor structures

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8722784D0 (en) * 1987-09-29 1987-11-04 Pre Formed Components Ltd Fire protection for floors & ceilings

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2037294A (en) * 1933-01-11 1936-04-14 Roger W Williamson Laminated material
US2213603A (en) * 1938-10-14 1940-09-03 Robertson Co H H Fireproof building structure
US2466106A (en) * 1944-03-02 1949-04-05 Hoge Edward Clyde Preformed slab structures
US2703289A (en) * 1950-10-23 1955-03-01 Corwin D Willson Cement bound lightweight aggregate masses
US3015626A (en) * 1959-09-29 1962-01-02 John C Kingsbury Insulating composition
US3095347A (en) * 1958-09-11 1963-06-25 Johns Manville Perlite Corp Insulating material and the like

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2037294A (en) * 1933-01-11 1936-04-14 Roger W Williamson Laminated material
US2213603A (en) * 1938-10-14 1940-09-03 Robertson Co H H Fireproof building structure
US2466106A (en) * 1944-03-02 1949-04-05 Hoge Edward Clyde Preformed slab structures
US2703289A (en) * 1950-10-23 1955-03-01 Corwin D Willson Cement bound lightweight aggregate masses
US3095347A (en) * 1958-09-11 1963-06-25 Johns Manville Perlite Corp Insulating material and the like
US3015626A (en) * 1959-09-29 1962-01-02 John C Kingsbury Insulating composition

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3422587A (en) * 1968-01-05 1969-01-21 Malcolm G Murray Plasterboard with a remoistenable plaster facing
US4829734A (en) * 1986-10-31 1989-05-16 Eltech Systems Corporation Ceramic fiber insulation module and method of assembly
US5176876A (en) * 1990-10-10 1993-01-05 Simko & Sons Industrial Refractories Inc. Insulating ceramic fiber batting module, anchoring system, ladle cover assembly and method of assembly
US5234660A (en) * 1990-10-10 1993-08-10 Simko & Sons Industrial Refractories, Inc. Insulating ceramic fiber batting module, anchoring system, ladle cover assembly and method of assembly
WO2008091369A2 (en) * 2006-09-18 2008-07-31 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Armor structures
WO2008091369A3 (en) * 2006-09-18 2009-01-22 Battelle Energy Alliance Llc Armor structures

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BE632884A (id)
NL293364A (id)
CH428152A (de) 1967-01-15
GB1052393A (id)
DE1409969A1 (de) 1968-11-28

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