US3292121A - Bistable switching device - Google Patents

Bistable switching device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3292121A
US3292121A US408174A US40817464A US3292121A US 3292121 A US3292121 A US 3292121A US 408174 A US408174 A US 408174A US 40817464 A US40817464 A US 40817464A US 3292121 A US3292121 A US 3292121A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
reed
contact surface
housing
gap
adjacent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US408174A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bergstrasser Georg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tenovis GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Telefonbau und Normalzeit GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Telefonbau und Normalzeit GmbH filed Critical Telefonbau und Normalzeit GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3292121A publication Critical patent/US3292121A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/28—Relays having both armature and contacts within a sealed casing outside which the operating coil is located, e.g. contact carried by a magnetic leaf spring or reed
    • H01H51/284—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/285—Polarised relays for latching of contacts

Definitions

  • This invention relates to bistable electromagnetic switches, and more particularly to bistable reed switches as widely used in communication engineering.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide bistable electromagneticswitches, in particular bistable electromagnetic reed switches, not prone to faults or accidental operation.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide reed switches of the kind disclosed and claimed in United States Patent 3,067,304 to G. Bergstrasser et al., issued December 4, 1962 for Switching Contacts Controlled by MagneticFields which are bistable and not prone to faulty or accidental operation.
  • the contacts of electromagnetic reed switches are nor- 'mally open and are being closed by the action of an electromagnet.
  • the reeds of bistable reed switches are also under the action of a fixed permanent magnet.
  • the field action of that permanent magnet is not sufficiently strong to cause engagement of the cooperating contacts of the reed switch, but is sufficiently strong to maintain the contacts of the reed switch in the closed position, or engaged position, upon having been moved to that position by the action of the aforementioned energizing electromagnet.
  • the contacts remain closed, or engaged, upon deenergization of the energizing electromagnet. Opening of the contacts is effected by energizing the aforementioned electromagnet in reverse, or inverting the direction of the magnetic field thereof.
  • bistable reed switches including an operating electromagnet and a permanent magnet for maintaining the contacts closed, once closed by the action of the operating electromagnet, are prone to faulty or accidental operation.
  • bistable electromagnetic reed switches including an operating electromagnet and a permanent magnet for maintaining contacts closed, once closed by the action of the operating electromagnet, which reed switches are not subject to faulty or accidental operation on account of the aforementioned magnetic closing bias of one of the contacts or reeds thereof.
  • bistable electromagnetic switches are provided with additional means for varying one of the contacts of the switch against the bias to which the armature is subjected.
  • the armature may be an integral part of one of the contacts of the switch, or an integral part of one contact-supporting reed, in which case the armature will be subjected to the same bias as the contact or reed of which it forms an integral part.
  • the drawings illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention wherein the armature used to vary the reluctance of the path of the flux of the contact-operating electromagnet is formed by a reed of magnetizable material having an edge which forms a contact surface of the switch.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a bistable reed switch including a permanent magnet to maintain one of the contacts in the closed position thereof, but not including any means for preventing faulty or accidental operation of the switch;
  • FIG. 2 shows the same switch as shown in FIG. 1 with means added to vary the reluctance of the path of the flux of an electromagnetic contact operating coil, the contacts of the switch being shown in the open position, or disengaged position, thereof;
  • FIG. 3 shows the same structure as FIG. 2 with the contacts thereof in their closed position, or engaged position.
  • numeral 1 has been applied to indicate an elongated envelope of glass, or other insulating material.
  • envelope 1 Arranged at the right side of envelope 1 is a flat current-carrying leaf spring or lamination 2 of a magnetizable material.
  • Leaf spring or lamination 2 extends in a direction longitudinally of envelope or housing 1 and projects transversely through the wall thereof from the outside of envelope 1 into its inside. At the point where leaf spring or lamination 2 projects through the wall of envelope 1 the latter forms a gas-tight seal.
  • a current-carrying leaf spring or lamination 3, 4 is arranged at the left side of envelope or housing 1 in a similar fashion as leaf spring or lamination 2.
  • Both leaf springs or laminations 2 and 3, 4 are arranged in sub- .stantially the same plane, each forming at the edge portion thereof a pair of juxtaposed normally spaced or open contact surfaces.
  • the left leaf spring or lamination 3, 4 includes a length of reduced cross-section which is substantially sinusoidally shaped, forming a bridge or interconnection between the left portion 3 of the left leaf spring 3, 4 and the right portion 4 thereof. This geometry imparts to leaf spring 3, 4 a freedom of relative motion of its parts 3, 4 in the common plane defined by leaf springs 2 and 3, 4.
  • the juxtaposed ends of laminations 2 and 3, 4 define normally a gap 5 therebetween.
  • Reference numeral 6 has been applied to indicate a contact operating winding or coil mounted on envelope or housing 1 for establishing the magnetic field required to move the axially inner end 4 of leaf spring 3,4 relative to lamination 2.
  • the flux established by winding or coil 6 extends through lamination 2 and across gap 5 and through portion 4 of lamination 3, 4.
  • additional magnetizable means are provided to complete the path of the flux of winding or coil 6 in such a fashion as to minimize the reluctance thereof. If magnet winding or coil 6 is sufficiently energized portion 4 of leaf spring or lamination 3, 4 moves relative to portion 3 thereof and the contact-surface-forming edges of parts 4 and 2 are caused to engage, thus closing an electric circuit.
  • Reference numeral 7 has been applied to indicate a permanent magnet arranged outside of envelope 1 immediately adjacent to the gap formed between the juxtaposed edges of parts 2 and 4. The action of this magnet keeps parts 2 and 4 in physical engagement subsequent .to deenergization of electromagnet coil 6, thus maintaining the circuit closed that had been closed by the action of electromagnet coil 6.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 The structure shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is not susceptible to malfunctioning.
  • the same reference characters as in FIG. 1 with a prime added have been applied to indicate like parts.
  • reference character 1' has been applied to indicate an envelope, preferably of glass, housing the axially inner ends of a pair of magnetizable laminations 2' and 3', 4' defining a gap 5 between the juxtaposed narrow contact-surface-forming edges thereof.
  • Housing 1 supports the operating winding 6' for the contact end 4 of leaf spring 3', '4' and permanent magnet 7" maintains part 4 in the closed position upon having been moved to that position by-the action of magnet coil 6'.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 further includes a permanent magnet 8 arranged outside of envelope 1' adjacent to the gap 5 formed between parts 4 and 2'.
  • Envelope 1' is preferably rectangular in cross-section and comprises two relatively wide sides extending parallel to the plane defined by laminations 2 and 3', 4' and two relatively narrow sides extending at right angles to the aforementioned plane.
  • Permanent magnets 7' and 8' are arranged outside of envelope 1' in juxtaposed position to the aforementioned narrow sides thereof.
  • the magnetic field established by permanent magnet 8' tends to increase the width of gap 5', i.e. the action of permanent magnet 8' is opposed to the action of permanent magnet 7'. In other words, the magnetic field established by permanent magnet 8 weakens the magnetic field established by permanent magnet 7.
  • coil or winding 6' is energized in the opposite direction to such an extent as to overcome the magnetic action of permanent magnet 7 upon part 4'.
  • both bar magnets 7 and 8' are arranged :surfaces spaced substantially equidistantly from reeds or laminations 2' and 3', 4.
  • the spacing between the poles of the two permanent bar magnetc 7", 8", and of reeds or laminations 2 and 3, 4' is relatively small and the entire flux path of permanent bar magnets 7, 8' is extremely compact.
  • Such a stack may also be provided with an additional common permanent magnet for providing a progressively decreasing magnetic bias for the movable contacts of the stacked reed switches.
  • magnet .8 is a contact closing threshold establishing means
  • a bistable reed switch comprising in combination:
  • a second reed of magnetizable material projecting at a predetermined point thereof from the outside of said housing transversely across the other of said end' portions of said housing into the inside of said housing, said second reed being arranged in the plane defined by said first reed, said second reed having a second contact surface formed by an edge of said second reed adjacent the axially inner end thereof juxtaposed to said first contact surface of said first reed, said second reed further having a portion of reduced cross-sectional area situated inside said housing between said predetermined point thereof and said second contact surface, said portion of reduced cross-sectional area imparting to said second contact surface of said second reed a freedom of motion within said plane defined by said first reed relative to said predetermined point of said second reed and relative to said first contact surface of said first reed, said first contact surface of said first reed and said second contact surface of said second reed defining a gap of predetermined width in the absence
  • a first permanent fixed bar magnet arranged adjacent said gap and adjacent the longitudinal edges of said first reed and of said second reed substantially parallel to said first reed and to said second reed and having a pair of end surfaces spaced substantially equidistantly from said first reed and from said second reed, said first bar magnet establishing a magnetic field tending to reduce said predetermined width of said gap between said first contact surface of said first reed and said second contact surface of said second reed and to maintain said first contact surface of said first reed and said second contact surface of said. secondreed in abutting engagement upon any abutting engagement thereof caused by electromag netic action;
  • electromagnetic winding means mounted upon said housing for establishing a magnetic field to cause abutting engagement of said first contact surface of said first reed by said second contact surface of said second reed;
  • a second permanent fixed bar magnet arranged adjacent said gap and adjacent the longitudinal edges of said first reed and of said second reed substantially parallel to said first reed and said second reed, said second magnet having a pair of end surfaces spaced substantially equidistantly from said first reed and from said second reed, said second bar magnet being arranged to establish a magnetic field tending to bias the axially inner end of said second reed away from the axially inner end of said first reed and to increase the width of said gap between said first contact surface of said first reed and said second contact surface of said second reed.
  • a bistable reed switch comprising in combination:
  • a pair of permanent fixed bar magnets arranged substantially parallel to said pair of relatively narrow sides of said envelope each adjacent an opposite of said pair of narrow sides of said envelope, each of said pair of magnets having a pole of opposite polarity arranged along a line at right angles to the longitudinal axis of said envelope, one of said pair of magnets being arranged to establish a magnetic field tending to maintain said contact surfaces closed upon closing thereof under the action of said electromagnet winding, and the other of said pair of magnets being arranged to establish a magnetic bias tending to oppose the closing action of said electromagnet winding.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
US408174A 1963-11-22 1964-11-02 Bistable switching device Expired - Lifetime US3292121A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DET25108A DE1193607B (de) 1963-11-22 1963-11-22 Elektromagnetisches Relais mit mindestens einem Kontaktfedern aus magnetisierbarem Material besitzenden Schutzrohrkontakt

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3292121A true US3292121A (en) 1966-12-13

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ID=7551855

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US408174A Expired - Lifetime US3292121A (en) 1963-11-22 1964-11-02 Bistable switching device

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3292121A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT251088B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH426013A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1193607B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6413454A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3543200A (en) * 1967-05-19 1970-11-24 Tudor Control Systems Ltd Magnetic,electric signal chopper
US3838253A (en) * 1971-06-29 1974-09-24 Tamura Electric Works Ltd Electromagnetic counter
US4739208A (en) * 1986-11-13 1988-04-19 General Electric Company Brush assembly including brush wear detector

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2420798A1 (fr) * 1978-03-20 1979-10-19 Alsthom Cgee Voyant

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3061696A (en) * 1958-10-29 1962-10-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Switching device
US3215795A (en) * 1963-01-03 1965-11-02 Allen Bradley Co Reed switch control

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1148329B (de) * 1961-10-19 1963-05-09 Telefonbau Haftrelais mit Schutzrohrkontakten

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3061696A (en) * 1958-10-29 1962-10-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Switching device
US3215795A (en) * 1963-01-03 1965-11-02 Allen Bradley Co Reed switch control

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3543200A (en) * 1967-05-19 1970-11-24 Tudor Control Systems Ltd Magnetic,electric signal chopper
US3838253A (en) * 1971-06-29 1974-09-24 Tamura Electric Works Ltd Electromagnetic counter
US4739208A (en) * 1986-11-13 1988-04-19 General Electric Company Brush assembly including brush wear detector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1193607B (de) 1965-05-26
CH426013A (de) 1966-12-15
NL6413454A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-05-24
AT251088B (de) 1966-12-12

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