US3286666A - Combustion apparatus - Google Patents

Combustion apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3286666A
US3286666A US408536A US40853664A US3286666A US 3286666 A US3286666 A US 3286666A US 408536 A US408536 A US 408536A US 40853664 A US40853664 A US 40853664A US 3286666 A US3286666 A US 3286666A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cyclone chamber
chamber
outlet end
cyclone
air
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US408536A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ohlsson Olof Axel
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Svenska Maskinverken AB
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Svenska Maskinverken AB
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Publication date
Application filed by Svenska Maskinverken AB filed Critical Svenska Maskinverken AB
Priority to US408536A priority Critical patent/US3286666A/en
Priority to SE13251/65A priority patent/SE326788B/xx
Priority to FI2526/65A priority patent/FI43906B/fi
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3286666A publication Critical patent/US3286666A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2700/00—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
    • F23B2700/012—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel with predrying in fuel supply area
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2700/00—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
    • F23B2700/023—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel with various arrangements not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • a heap or collection of solid fuels such .as wooden chips or splinters, scrap wood, pieces of bark, peat, coal, garbage or the like, is kept burning within the primary combustion chamber in a manner to deliver an ample supply of hovering ignited fuel particles, mainly carbon particles, to the cyclone chamber in which the same will continue burning while catched in a cyclonically rotating stream of gases and air to produce hot and combustion gases discharging through the outlet end of the cyclone chamber in the form of a more or less extended flame.
  • solid fuels such .as wooden chips or splinters, scrap wood, pieces of bark, peat, coal, garbage or the like
  • the relatively coarse solid fuels are burned on a suitable grate through which sufficient quantities of primary air at a rather low pressure .are supplied to merely maintain a partial or incomplete combustion, the purpose of which is to effect drying and partial decomposition of the original fuel so that minut-e particles which will readily hover and hence follow the draught into the cyclone chamber will be formed. Since it is important that these particles do not become extinguished during their passage from the primary combustion chamber into the cyclone chamber, the latter must be located close to the primary combustion chamber and may advantageously form a direct open extension thereof although it may also be separated therefrom by more or less constricted but rather short passages.
  • cyclone chamber there is maintained a cyclonically rotating stream of gases and air by introducing additional air or a gas mixture, at a high velocity through nozzles or tuyres opening in a lsubstantially tangential direction through the circular cyclone chamber wall.
  • the burning fuel particles received from the primary combustion chamber will be catched in this stream and continue to burn therein and, while doing so, the fuel particles will, -of course, besubjected to rather strong centrifugal forces due to the high rotational speed of the gases so that all the unconsumed fuel particles will tend to move radially outwards towards the cyclone chamber wall ⁇ and concentrate in la rotating layer of limited radial thickness where a certain separation will take place and in which an extreme heat is developed so that complete combustion can be promoted, provided that the unconsumed fuel particles are -retained in this layer or zone for a sufficiently long period of time.
  • Still .another object of the invention is to provide improved means for introducing air into the cyclone chamber in order to maintain the cyclone of gases therein and for making it possible to continuously check the burning conditions within the cyclone chamber without interrupting the operation of the combustion apparatus.
  • the invention mainly consists in that at lea-st some of the air inlet nozzles or tuyres of the cyclone chamber are located adjacent the outlet end of the cyclone chamber and are directed to expel the ai-r supplied therethrough in a helical direction relatively to the circular interior wall of the cyclone chamber and Iaway from said outlet end thereof.
  • a tuyre arrangement it has been found necessary to operate with a certain minimum air pressure depending on the internal diameter of the cyclone chamber and amounting to ⁇ approximately 1 millimeter water column pro each millimeter of said internal diameter. It has also been found most appropriate to use certain types of nozzles or tuyres in order to obtain concentrated jets of air into the cyclone chamber as will be described hereinafter.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional elevation of a first form of aeombustion apparatus embodying the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross section of thesame apparatus taken along the line 2 2 in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional elevation of a modified form of cyclone chamber wlhich may replace the cylindrical cyclone chamber in the apparatus of FIG. l,
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional elevation of another modified form of cyclone chamber
  • F'IG. 5 is a sectional elevation of still another modified form of cyclone chamber
  • FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a second form of a combustion apparatus embodying the invention
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary out-side view of a cyclone chamber wall with an air lsupply jacket for the tuyres
  • FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a second form of a combustion apparatus embodying the invention
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary out-side view of a cyclone chamber wall with an air lsupply jacket for the tuyres
  • FIG. 8 is a cross section of a cyclone chamber wall l in the centre of the 4grate 11 so that they will spread substantially evenly over the grate.
  • the air blown into the bottom compartment 12 will pass through the annular openings of the Igrate and hence through the heap or layer of fuel and when the latter has been set on re it will readily continue -burning although the supply of primary air through the conduit 13 is restricted to only maintain a partial or incomplete combustion thereof.
  • the fuel on the grate will dry and decompose by lcarbonization so that a considerable amount of small burning fuel particles will form. Since these particles are small, dry and light they will easily hover and follow the draught rfrorn the primary combustion chamber into the next section of the combustion apparatus which is a so called cyclone chamber 15.
  • the cyclone chamber of the combustion apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 which is cylindrical and openende-d, has a wall 16 of refractory material and forms a vertical upper extension of the primary combustion chamber 10.
  • the height of the cyclone chamber should preferably be -at least the same las the inside diameter thereof which in turn may be chosen rather arbitrarily although it should for structural reasons preferably not exceed the inside diameter of the primary combustion chamber.
  • the nozzles or tuyres do not extend horizontally but are each slightly inclined so that the air jets theretfrom will tend to follow a helical path downwardly over the wall 16.
  • each nozzle or tuyre should be so chosen that all the ai-r expelled therethrough is caused to spread out over the cyclone chamber wall below an imaginary horizontal line drawn through the tuyre openings 20 in the inside of the wall 16. Consequently the minimum inclination depends on the capability of the tuyre to concentrate and direct the air jet. yIt is in other words important that the air supplied through the nozzles or tuyres does not in any way impart a motion towards the upper outlet end of the cyclone chamber to the gases therein.
  • the pure and very hot gases produced in the cyclone chamber burning process will collect in the centre of the cyclone chamber and will hence be very little affected by the lair jets through the nozzles or tuyres 19. These gases will consequently discharge through the central portion of the upper ou-tlet opening 15' of the cyclone chamber where they will form a more or less extended flame of intense heat in which all the combustible gaseous components are readily consumed.
  • the heat absorbing walls 21 of the boiler or similar equipnce connected to the combustion apparatus may advantageously be extended to surround a flame room 22 above the upper end orf the cyclone chamber 15 as shown in dash-and-dot lines in FIG. 1 but, alternatively, such a llame room may -be surrounded by any suitable walls or even by an extension of the wall 16.
  • the air jacket or ⁇ d'uct 17 is yform-ed between upper and lower anges 23 and 24 respectively extending radially outwards from the outside of the cyclone chamlber wall 16.- ⁇ In this particular case the radially outer wall of the vjacket 17 is formed by a portion olf a boiler supporting wall structure 25 surrounding the entire combustion apparatus.
  • sleeves 26 are mounted in Isaid outer wall of the jacket 1'7-one for each nozzle or tuyre 19 and in line therewith-and these sleeves are tted in corresponding holes in the wall 25.
  • Each sleeve 26 has at its outer end a rem-ovalble ca'p 27 provided with a central opening covered by a pane orf' glass through which -it is possibile to look through the related nozzle or tuyre all into the cyclo-ne chamber 15 and thus check the hurning conditions therein withfout interrupting the operation of the combustion apparatus.
  • the inclined nozzles or tuyres may advantageously be used also in cyclone chambers which have a more or lless constricted outlet end. In such cases they will effectively assist in the production of stilll purer output gases and they will also', as in the case shown ⁇ in FIG. 1, lfacilitate a uniform distribution of the air in the cyclone chamber and hence promote a rapid and effective consumption of the .gas suspended fuel particles. Consequently the cylindrical cyclone chamber 15 in FIG. l may, iff desired, be replaced by any other suitable form olf cyclone chamber section. For the purpose of illustration three anbitrarily chosen forms of such differently shaped cyclone chamber sections are shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.
  • FIG. 3 a .fausto-conical constriction 28 has been provided at the upper end of the circular wall 16a surrounding the cyclone chamber. It sh-ould be understood, however, that the frusto-conical constriction could as well be replaced -by a flat, annular, -i.-e. truly radial, constriction ange, if so desired.-
  • the wall 16b of the cyclone chamber tapers gradually upwards so that the upper outlet end opening of the cyclone chamber is ⁇ considerably smaller in diameter than the lower end opening.
  • the wall 16a ⁇ is vertically curved so that the cyclone chamber will be substantially sphericalin shape.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown another form of a combustion' apparatus embodying the invention.
  • This modified apparatus presents a primary combustion chamber 30 into which the vsolid fuel is introduced from a'bove through a closable charging hopper 31.
  • the fuel is burned on a grate 32 extending over a bottom compartment 33 into which primary air is blown at a Irather 'low pressure and in limited quantities.
  • the burning conditions maintained in the primary combustion chamber 30 are thus essentially the same as already described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the cyclone chamber 35 differs from the cyclone charn- 'bers already described hereinbefore mainly by the fact that its axis is horizontal but also in that it is slightly conical having its largest diameter at the outlet end. It should be understood that a cy-clone chamber of the kind referred to in this description cou-fl-d in fact occupy any desired position, .i.e. Ibe vertical, horizontal or inclined, and the outlet end thereof could even point downwards if so required in certain installations, without the operation thereof being in any way affected.
  • the 'burning fuel particles entering the cyclone chamber 35 of FIG. 6 will be lcatehed in a cyclonically rotating stream of gases produced by injecting air under relatively high pressure th-rou'gh a series of inclined nozzles or tuyres 36 similar to those already described in connection with FIGS. l and 2.
  • the air is supplied to the tuyres through a conduit 37 and an annular jacket 38 surrounding the wall 39 of the cyclone chamber adjacent the outlet end of the latter.
  • the outlet opening 35' ofthe cyclone chamber 35 is ⁇ slightly larger in diameter than the left hand, inner end thereof and the flame forming gases discharged therethrough are utilized to heat a boiler 40 or the like.
  • any mixture of -gases for example containing flue gases, steam or the like may be injected through the tuyres.
  • the air or gas mixture may advantageously be preheated -in any suitable manner.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 there is illustrated a preferred form of a tuyre and air jacket arrangement used in connection with the cyclone chamber of FIG. 6.
  • a gradually tapering sheet metal nozzle 44 having an external flange 45 at its Wider end is inserted from the outside. It is highly important that the nozzle 44 is of considerable length in relation to its diameter and that the inside diameter of the nozzle is slowly and uniformly decreasing towards the inner end.
  • the nozzle 44 may be retained in the lining tube 43 by any suitable means if the pressure of the air within the jacket 37 should not be capable of keeping it in place which it usually is. In any case the nozzle should be -removable so that it may be replaced Whenever necessary.
  • the outer end of the tubular extension 46 hlas a removable end cap or lid 47 in which there is mounted a glass pane 48.
  • the air jacket and tuyre arrangement used in FIGS. 1-5 is of the same preferred type as now described with reference to FIG. 7 and 8, it being only adapted to fit the slightly different environment.
  • All the tuyres are preferably evenly spaced along the circumference of the cyclone chamber at substantially one and the same radial plane thereof which in the simplest way 'will assure a most uniform distribution of the air expelled through the tuyres.
  • the number of tuyres may, of course, vary particularly with the diameter of the cyclone chamber and with their jet concentrating capability.
  • a primary combustion chamber having means for introducing and burning relatively coarse solid -fuels therein in a manner to produce an ample supply of hovering solid fuel particles most of which are in an ignited condition
  • an open-ended cyclone chamber of circular cross section lcommunicating with said primary combustion chamber in a manner to receive said hovering fuel particles therefrom while most of them are still burning
  • said cyclone chamber having an outlet end opening into a heat consuming appara-tus, a plurality of gas inlet tuyres opening into said cyclone chamber in a substantially tangential direction and means for introducing glas through said tuyres into said cyclone chamber in a manner to produce therein :a cycloni-cally rotating stream of gases capable of catching said hovering fuel particles emanating from said coarser solid fuels burned in the primary combustion chamber, a plurality of said gas inlet tuyres being located in the vicinity of the outlet end of said cyclone chamber and being each disposed
  • each of said gas inlet tuyres located in the vicinity of the outlet end of said cyclone chamber comprises an elongated, tapering gas inlet nozzle having its narrower end pointing inwardly relative to said cyclone chamber and having an inside diamete-r at its narrower end which is only a small fraction of the length of the nozzle.
  • each of said gas inlet tuyres located in the vicinity of the outlet end of said cyclone chamber comprises a tapering gas inlet nozzle exchangeably mounted on an opening in the wall of the cyclone chamber and having its outer end communicating with a conduit supplying gas under pressure.
  • said means for introducing gas ithrough said tuyres located in the vicinity of the outlet end of said cyclone chamber comprises a source of gas capable of delivering glas to said tuyres at a pressure which, when expressed in water column height, is at least substantially equal to the inside diameter of said cyclone chamber at the location of said tuyres.
  • a primary combustion chamber having a grate at its bottom, an exit for combustion lproducts above said grate, means for supplying coarse solid fuels to said grate and means for delivering air through said grate in a manner to effect partial combustion of said coarse solid fuels thereon and to produce an ample supply of small, incompletely consumed, ignited solid fuel particles rising from said coarser fuel on the grate with the gaseous cornbustion products therefrom; an open-ended cyclone chamber of circular cross section forming an extension of said exit of said primary combustion chamber and receiving said combustion products including said airborne fuel Iparticles while most of the latter are still burning, said cylone chamber having an outlet end opening into a heat comsuming apparatus, a plurality of -air inlet tuyres opening approximately tangentially into said cyclone chambei in the vicinity of the outlet end thereof and each being inclined with respect to a radial plane perpendicular to the axis of said
  • a primary combustion chamber having a grate near its bottom, an eXit for combustion products above said grate, means for supp-lying relatively coarse solid fuels to said grate and means for delivering air through said grat-e at a low pressure to effect partial comlbustion of said relatively coarse solid fuels thereon in a manner so that there is obtained therefrom a plurality of small incomplete-ly consumed, ignited ⁇ solid fuel particles capable of hovering in the gaseous combustion products Vseeking their way out through said exit; an open-ended cyclone chamber of circular cross section having its inlet end connected to said exit of the prima-ry combustion chambei to ⁇ receive said combustion products including said airborne fuel particles therefrom while most of said particles are still burning, said cyclone chamber having an outlet end opening into a heat consuming boiler, an annular series of gas inlet tuyres arranged in the vicinity of the outlet end of said cyclone chamber and all pointing in the same

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
US408536A 1964-11-03 1964-11-03 Combustion apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3286666A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US408536A US3286666A (en) 1964-11-03 1964-11-03 Combustion apparatus
SE13251/65A SE326788B (fr) 1964-11-03 1965-10-13
FI2526/65A FI43906B (fr) 1964-11-03 1965-10-22

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3482534A (en) * 1969-02-13 1969-12-09 John E Whitman Apparatus and method for handling and burning a finely comminuted solid
US3482533A (en) * 1968-06-28 1969-12-09 Borge Richard Ankersen Incinerators
US3498240A (en) * 1968-06-10 1970-03-03 Burns Investment Corp Leaf burner
US3581683A (en) * 1970-03-16 1971-06-01 Martin Collier Jr Refuse disposal apparatus and process
US3596890A (en) * 1968-02-19 1971-08-03 Alastair G M Small Drying apparatus
US3702594A (en) * 1971-09-20 1972-11-14 Leslie D Howes System for controlling the burning or stock piling of refuse according to operating conditions of an incinerator
US4516562A (en) * 1981-07-23 1985-05-14 Hultgren Karl S H Arrangement in combustion chambers for burning solid fuel
US4841727A (en) * 1987-02-09 1989-06-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for generating flue gas to drive a gas turbine
US4867079A (en) * 1987-05-01 1989-09-19 Shang Jer Y Combustor with multistage internal vortices
US4899670A (en) * 1988-12-09 1990-02-13 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Means for providing oxygen enrichment for slurry and liquid fuel burners
AT390206B (de) * 1988-04-22 1990-04-10 Howorka Franz Einrichtung zum thermischen zerlegen von fluiden schadstoffen
US5313895A (en) * 1990-11-22 1994-05-24 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Method of inhibiting formation of unburned substances in refuse incinerator, and refuse incinerator
DE29707032U1 (de) * 1997-04-18 1997-06-05 KÖB & Schäfer KG, Wolfurt Feuerungsanlage
EP2518405A3 (fr) * 2011-04-28 2017-12-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système de chambre de combustion et procédé de combustion de combustible solide à biomasse

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1530321A (en) * 1923-08-30 1925-03-17 Pollock James Furnace for burning fine coal
US1722496A (en) * 1926-07-29 1929-07-30 William B Chapman Boiler and method of operating the same
US1767952A (en) * 1926-08-03 1930-06-24 Wollaston Thomas Roland Gas producer and combined furnace
US2216117A (en) * 1936-11-27 1940-10-01 Comb Eng Co Inc Furnace
GB797029A (en) * 1955-04-22 1958-06-25 Olof Axel Ohlsson Improvements in or relating to furnaces of the cyclone type
US2923260A (en) * 1952-08-21 1960-02-02 Union Rheinische Braunkohlen Gasification of fuels
GB852667A (en) * 1957-10-31 1960-10-26 Bataafsche Petroleum A method and apparatus for the burning of a solid fuel

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1530321A (en) * 1923-08-30 1925-03-17 Pollock James Furnace for burning fine coal
US1722496A (en) * 1926-07-29 1929-07-30 William B Chapman Boiler and method of operating the same
US1767952A (en) * 1926-08-03 1930-06-24 Wollaston Thomas Roland Gas producer and combined furnace
US2216117A (en) * 1936-11-27 1940-10-01 Comb Eng Co Inc Furnace
US2923260A (en) * 1952-08-21 1960-02-02 Union Rheinische Braunkohlen Gasification of fuels
GB797029A (en) * 1955-04-22 1958-06-25 Olof Axel Ohlsson Improvements in or relating to furnaces of the cyclone type
GB852667A (en) * 1957-10-31 1960-10-26 Bataafsche Petroleum A method and apparatus for the burning of a solid fuel

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3596890A (en) * 1968-02-19 1971-08-03 Alastair G M Small Drying apparatus
US3498240A (en) * 1968-06-10 1970-03-03 Burns Investment Corp Leaf burner
US3482533A (en) * 1968-06-28 1969-12-09 Borge Richard Ankersen Incinerators
US3482534A (en) * 1969-02-13 1969-12-09 John E Whitman Apparatus and method for handling and burning a finely comminuted solid
US3581683A (en) * 1970-03-16 1971-06-01 Martin Collier Jr Refuse disposal apparatus and process
US3702594A (en) * 1971-09-20 1972-11-14 Leslie D Howes System for controlling the burning or stock piling of refuse according to operating conditions of an incinerator
US4516562A (en) * 1981-07-23 1985-05-14 Hultgren Karl S H Arrangement in combustion chambers for burning solid fuel
US4841727A (en) * 1987-02-09 1989-06-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for generating flue gas to drive a gas turbine
US4867079A (en) * 1987-05-01 1989-09-19 Shang Jer Y Combustor with multistage internal vortices
AT390206B (de) * 1988-04-22 1990-04-10 Howorka Franz Einrichtung zum thermischen zerlegen von fluiden schadstoffen
US4899670A (en) * 1988-12-09 1990-02-13 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Means for providing oxygen enrichment for slurry and liquid fuel burners
US5313895A (en) * 1990-11-22 1994-05-24 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Method of inhibiting formation of unburned substances in refuse incinerator, and refuse incinerator
DE29707032U1 (de) * 1997-04-18 1997-06-05 KÖB & Schäfer KG, Wolfurt Feuerungsanlage
EP2518405A3 (fr) * 2011-04-28 2017-12-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système de chambre de combustion et procédé de combustion de combustible solide à biomasse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE326788B (fr) 1970-08-03
FI43906B (fr) 1971-03-31

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