US3286203A - Unidirectional device having means for transmitting only one sense of a circularly polarized wave - Google Patents

Unidirectional device having means for transmitting only one sense of a circularly polarized wave Download PDF

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Publication number
US3286203A
US3286203A US299988A US29998863A US3286203A US 3286203 A US3286203 A US 3286203A US 299988 A US299988 A US 299988A US 29998863 A US29998863 A US 29998863A US 3286203 A US3286203 A US 3286203A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transmitting
circularly polarized
frequency
wave
sense
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Expired - Lifetime
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US299988A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gremillet Jacques
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Thales SA
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CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/36—Isolators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems for the unidirectional transmission of electromagnetic waves. More particularly it relates to the propagation of a circularly polarized wave through a plate of conducting or, preferably semi-conducting material, which is arranged transversely of the transmission direction and is subjected to a longitudinal continuous magnetic field.
  • the applicant has discovered that, when the frequencyof the incident wave is much less than the cyclotron resonance frequency and at the same time, the electron collision time is much .greater than the reciprocal of the cyclotron resonance angular frequency, the incident wave i transmitted with relatively low loss when the circular polarization rotates in the same direction as the electrons, and, on the contrary, is practically not propagated when the circular polarization is in a direction opposite to that of the electrons under the action of the magnetic field.
  • the unidirectional arrangement according to the invention includes means for transmitting a guided wave with an essentially circular polarization, a plate of conducting, or preferably semi-conducting, material, placed transversely of the transmission direction and means for applying to this plate a longitudinal continuous magnetic field.
  • the single figure of the appended drawing shows very schematically, such an arrangement.
  • the arrangement shown comprises a circular waveguide 1, a semiconductor disc 2 perpendicular to the waveguide axis, and means for providing a longitudinal continuous magnetic field H.
  • disc 2 may be of indium antimonide and 2.7 mm. thick, with an impurity concentration such that it contains electrons per cm.
  • the circularly polarized wave may have, for example, a frequency of 10 c./ s.
  • the arrangement can also be operated at ordinary temperature: in this case, other things being equal, the power transmitted is a maximum when the thickness of the disc is 0.2 mm., but losses are about ten times greater than at the temperature of liquid nitrogen.
  • This phenomenon can be explained by a change of sign of the real part of the complex dielectric constant of the material when H changes sign.
  • An important advantage of the unidirectional device described consists in the fact that it can be operated both at very-low frequencies and at frequencies of several tens of thousands of mc./s.
  • the frequency of the incident wave has to be substantially less than the cyclotron resonance frequency. If such is not the case, the electrons rotate at the same velocity as the electric field of the incident wave and the latter is not transmitted.
  • the cyclotron resonance frequency for example in the case of indium antimonide, may be of the order of i0 c./s., so that the upper operating frequency limit of the device is in practice very high. This frequency has no lower theoretical limit.
  • the choice of the material for the plate takes into account the second requirement for the device to operate, i.e., a collision time substantially greater than the reciprocal of the resonance angular frequency. This re quirement means that the electrons must have the time necessary to make at least one revolution during the average time interval between two successive collisions.
  • a unidirectional transmission device circularly polarized for Waves having a given frequency comprising a circular waveguide portion, means for generating in said guide portion a direct-current magnetic field extending along the axis thereof and a wall of a semiconductor material having a cyclotron resonance frequency higher than said given frequency and an electron collision time higher than the reciprocal of the cyclotron resonance angular frequency, said wall extending normally to said axis over the whole cross-section of said guide.
  • An unidirectional transmission arrangement comprising: means having a cross-section for transmitting a guided circularly polarized high frequency Wave propagating in a predetermined direction, means for applying to said transmitting means a steady magnetic field parallel to said predetermined direction, a body contained in and extending over the whole of said cross-section of said transmitting means normally to said direction, said body being made of a material having free carriers and a cyclotron resonance angular frequency for said magnetic field substantially higher than the angular frequency of the wave and an electron collision time substantially higher than the reciprocal of said angular cyclotron frequency.
  • An unidirectional transmission device comprising a circular wave guide portion for propagating a circularly polarized wave, means for generating in said guide portion a steady magnetic field extending along the axis thereof, and a wall extending normally to said axis over the whole cross section of the guide, said wall being 3 v a v 4 made of a material having free carriers, and a'cyclotron 3,121,203 2/1964 Heywang. a ar frequency for s n drma netiaafield.substantially. REFERENCES 4 higher than the reciprocal of said angular frequency, and an electron collision time substantially higher than the reciprocal of said angular cyclotron frequency. 5

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  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
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US299988A 1962-08-10 1963-08-05 Unidirectional device having means for transmitting only one sense of a circularly polarized wave Expired - Lifetime US3286203A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR906672A FR1345585A (fr) 1962-08-10 1962-08-10 Dispositif de transmission unidirectionnelle d'ondes électromagnétiques

Publications (1)

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US3286203A true US3286203A (en) 1966-11-15

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US299988A Expired - Lifetime US3286203A (en) 1962-08-10 1963-08-05 Unidirectional device having means for transmitting only one sense of a circularly polarized wave

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US (1) US3286203A (de)
DE (1) DE1256280B (de)
FR (1) FR1345585A (de)
GB (1) GB1039527A (de)
NL (1) NL296460A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409847A (en) * 1964-08-12 1968-11-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Solid state plasma structures

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102916238A (zh) * 2012-11-07 2013-02-06 南开大学 磁表面等离子体波导太赫兹隔离器
EP3753067A4 (de) * 2018-02-14 2021-11-24 The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Nicht-reziprokes mikrowellenfenster

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2644930A (en) * 1949-03-24 1953-07-07 Gen Precision Lab Inc Microwave polarization rotating device and coupling network
US3121203A (en) * 1958-04-30 1964-02-11 Siemens Und Halske Ag Semiconductor maser with modulating means

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2798205A (en) * 1952-05-28 1957-07-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetically controllable transmission system
US2922129A (en) * 1953-07-08 1960-01-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Hall effect device for electromagnetic waves
US2978654A (en) * 1955-04-18 1961-04-04 Herman N Chait Reflection circulator

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2644930A (en) * 1949-03-24 1953-07-07 Gen Precision Lab Inc Microwave polarization rotating device and coupling network
US3121203A (en) * 1958-04-30 1964-02-11 Siemens Und Halske Ag Semiconductor maser with modulating means

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409847A (en) * 1964-08-12 1968-11-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Solid state plasma structures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1345585A (fr) 1963-12-13
DE1256280B (de) 1967-12-14
GB1039527A (en) 1966-08-17
NL296460A (de)

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