US3286128A - Apparatus for multiple electric impulse production - Google Patents
Apparatus for multiple electric impulse production Download PDFInfo
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- US3286128A US3286128A US245216A US24521662A US3286128A US 3286128 A US3286128 A US 3286128A US 245216 A US245216 A US 245216A US 24521662 A US24521662 A US 24521662A US 3286128 A US3286128 A US 3286128A
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- energy
- voltage
- storage means
- impulse
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/30—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by pulses, e.g. flash lamp
- H05B41/34—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by pulses, e.g. flash lamp to provide a sequence of flashes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods of and apparatus for multiple electric-impulse production and, more specifically, to apparatus for producing successive electrical-impulse discharge, including light flashes for such purposes as stroboscopy or flash photography or the like.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a novel impulse-producing circuit of more general utility, also.
- An additional object is to provide a novel multiple light-flash producer, where the term light is intended to embrace both visible electromagnetic radiations and longer and shorter wave-length radiations, 'as well.
- the invention is described as applied to the problem of producing a pair of successive substantially equal-intensity short light flashes in flash tubes, such as the type described, for example, in'
- a second energization flash will occur in tube 1 as C again discharges the voltage V transferred to it from C through L and the check valve D.
- This second flash will be of intensity substantially equal to the intensity of the rfirst flash since the same voltage V has been discharged through the tube 1.
- the inductance L is preferably a sa-turable reactor that effects a short delay in transfer of charge from C to C and then, upon saturation, causes rapid voltage transfer during the half-period of the oscillation frequency f.
- the recharging time of the capacitors should preferably be about ten percent of the time T required between successive pairs of flashes.
- the repetition rate of the pairs of trigger pulses from trigger circuit 7 for producing successive sets of double flashes produced an interval T between successive pairs of flashes of about 40 milliseconds.
- An electric-impulse-prod-ucing apparatus having, in combination, first energy-storage means of predetermined value, a normally ineffective impulse-producing load connected across the first energy-storage means, means for storing energy in the first energy-storage means with a predetermined voltage, second energy-storage means of value greater than that of the first energy-storage means, means for storing energy in the second energy-storage means with a further voltage less than the said predetermined voltage, a voltage-boosting circuit connecting the first and second energy-storage means together, and means for rendering the impulse-producing load effective at a first instant of timeito enable impulse energization of the load by the stored energy in the first energy-storage means and at a second instant of time later to enable a second impulse energization of the load by the first energysflorage means in which energy has been re-stored from the second energy-storage means through the voltageboosting circuit.
- the voltage doubler comprises a resonant circuit the half vperiod of which is at least substantially equal to the time interval between the said first and second instants of time.
- Apparatus for producing successive electrical impules that comprises, means for storing at a first location a predetermined voltage to a predetermined capacity, means for substantially simultaneously storing at a second location less than the predetermined voltage but with a greater capacity, means for discharging the stored. predetermined voltage at the first location to produce a first electrical impulse, means for transferring the stored voltage at the second location to the first location while sub stantially boosting the voltage, and means for discharging the transferred boosted voltage at the first location to produce a second electrical impulse.
- Apparatus for producing successive electrical impulses that comprises, means for storing at a first location a predetermined voltage to a predetermined capacity, means for substantially simultaneously storing at a second location substantially half the said predetermined voltage with substantially four times the said capacity, means for discharging the stored predetermined voltage at the first location to produce a first electrical impulse, means for transferring the stored voltage at the second location to the first location while substantially doubling the voltage, and means for discharging the transferred doubled voltage at the first location to produce a second electrical impulse.
- Electric-impulse-producing, apparatus having, in combination, energy-storage means of predetermined value having highand low-voltage terminals, a normally ineifective impulse-producing load connected across said terminals, highand low-voltage energy sources, networks respectively connecting the highand low-voltage energy sources across the said terminals to store energy in the energy-storage means with a predetermined voltage that, under circumstances of variations of the low voltage energy source, may be exceeded at the high-voltage terminal during the said storing, and clamping means connecting the said high-voltage energy source and the said highvoltage terminal and biased at the said predetermined voltage for preventing over-storage of the energy-storage means beyond the said predetermined voltage at the said high-voltage terminals, and means for rendering the impulse-producing load efiective to discharge the said predetermined voltage stored in the energy storage means.
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Description
TION
' W A. WARD Nov. {15,1966
APPARATUS FOR MULTIPLE ELECTRIC-IMPULSE PRODU( Filed Dec, 17, 1962 INVENTOR.
WILLIAM A. WAR D ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,286,128 APPARATUS FOR MULTIPLE ELECTRIC IMPULSE PRODUCTION William Arthur Ward, Norwood, Mass, assignor to United States Scientific Instruments, Inc., Watertown, Mass, a corporation of Massachusetts Filed Dec. 17, 1962, Ser. No. 245,216 20 Claims. (Cl. 315241) The present invention relates to methods of and apparatus for multiple electric-impulse production and, more specifically, to apparatus for producing successive electrical-impulse discharge, including light flashes for such purposes as stroboscopy or flash photography or the like.
While multiple electrical-impulse discharges have been produced in stroboscopes and similar pulse modulator circuits, there is an inherent restriction upon the ultimate speed of successive discharges residing in the tendency of the load device to hold over in conduction. The problem of producing very short and rapidly occurring successive electrical discharges in a single load device, such as a single rapid recovery flash lamp or similar triggered device, has previously demanded the use of a plurality of separate trigger circuits and associated energy-storage circuits. Not only is this costly and complex, but there is still the possibility of the flash device remaining conductive between intended successive discharges; and often the successive discharges, if produced, will not be of substantially the same intensity.
It is, accordingly, to the solution of the problem of providing a new and improved method of and apparatus for high-speed multiple equal-intensity electrical impulse discharges that shall not be subject to the above limitations, that the present invention is primarily directed. In summary, this end is attained through a pair of critically relatively proportioned energy-storage capacitors charged to different voltages and interconnected .by a resonant charging circuit to effect at least a pair of successive discharges through a common load device, at the end of which substantially all voltage is automatically removed from the load device to prevent hold over or similar phenomena.
A further object of the invention is to provide a novel impulse-producing circuit of more general utility, also.
An additional object is to provide a novel multiple light-flash producer, where the term light is intended to embrace both visible electromagnetic radiations and longer and shorter wave-length radiations, 'as well.
Other and further objects will be explained hereinafter and will be more particularly pointed out in connection with the appended claims.
The invention will now be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawing the single figure of which is a schematic circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
For purposes of illustration, the invention is described as applied to the problem of producing a pair of successive substantially equal-intensity short light flashes in flash tubes, such as the type described, for example, in'
3,286,128 Patented Nov. 15, 1966 ICC of principal electrodes .3 and 5' between which an electrical-impulse discharge from capacitor C may occur through the gaseous medium of the tube 1, in response to the triggering or rendering-effective of the tube 1 by a trigger impulse applied to intermediate trigger electrodes 5. The trigger electrodes 5 may receive the trigger impulse through separate isolating capacitive couplings C from a transformer T that is energized by trigger pulses from a trigger circuit 7, as of the type described in the said Letters Patent, or any other well-known type.
Energy-storage capacitor C (or capacitors) is charged from a voltage source 2, 4 of predetermined voltage value V (such as a DC. source), through a large charging resistor or impedance R Upon the rendering of the normally ineffective or non-conducting tube 1 effective by application of a trigger pulse P to the trigger electrodes 5, the energy stored or charged in capacitor C will become discharged as an impulse or flash through the tube 1 between the principal electrodes 3 and 5, energizing the tube 1 to produce a flash of light the intensity or energy of which is related to the magnitude of the predetermined voltage V to which the capacitor C had initially become charged (energy-=C V 2.)
Even were the charging cycle or time constant of capacitor C through R fast enough, it is difiicult to extinguish and Ie-fiash the tube 1 immediately following this first flash because of the tendency of the tube to hold over in conductioni.e., a finite recovery time for deionizing the gaseous medium in the tube 1particularly in the presence of the voltage building up in the recharging of C across electrodes 3 and 5'.
In accordance with the invention, however, at the same time C was initially being charged to voltage V through R a second critically valued capacitor C was being charged from a voltage source 2-4 of value substantially one-half that of the source V (i.e. V/2) through resistor or impedance R By preadjusting the value of C at the critical value of substantially four times that of C (C =4C and connecting a series resonant voltagedoubling or boosting circuit comprising inductance L and check valve D between C and C the following phenomenon has been found to occur. After C has discharged its initial charged voltage V, energizing the tube 1 to produce the first flash therethrough, C will deliver its charged voltage V/ 2 to C but with double voltage (i.e. a total voltage V) because of the series resonant volt-agedoubling or boosting action of the circuit C -LC C then receives a fast re-charge to voltage V, the speed of which is determined by the half-period of the oscillation frequency f of the resonant circuit C -L-C (i.e.,
If a second trigger pulse P is applied at T at the end of such half-period, a second energization flash will occur in tube 1 as C again discharges the voltage V transferred to it from C through L and the check valve D. This second flash will be of intensity substantially equal to the intensity of the rfirst flash since the same voltage V has been discharged through the tube 1. The inductance L, moreover, is preferably a sa-turable reactor that effects a short delay in transfer of charge from C to C and then, upon saturation, causes rapid voltage transfer during the half-period of the oscillation frequency f.
At the end of the second discharge, however, since R is made large, as before explained, so as to provide a relatively slow re-charging cycle of C through R (C R halfperiod of f), substantially no or little voltage, hereinafter referred to as negligible voltage, will be present across C and thus at the tube electrodes 3 and 5', so that no hold over is possible. The recharging time of the capacitors should preferably be about ten percent of the time T required between successive pairs of flashes.
Two very rapid, sharp and equal-intensity flash impulses are thus produced reliably without spurious hold over and with a single trigger circuit. Provided the same critical relative voltage and capacitor values and relation between the resonant charging circuit half-pe riod and multiple trigger-pulse repetition rate are maintained, additional capacitors and resonant charging circuits may be added for additional multiple pulses or flashes.
As an example, successive pairs of equal-intensity light flashes of about 2-10 micro-seconds duration spaced about 350 microseconds apart have been produced with an FX6A type flash tube 1 (Edgerton Germeshausen & Grier, Inc.) triggered by pulses of about two microsec onds duration spaced about 350 microseconds apart, with C =.33 ,ufarad, C =1.33 farad, V=500 volts, saturable L=5O millihenries, having about 150 microseconds delay before saturation, R =60 K ohms, R =l5 K ohms, and
f=1.5 kilocycles (half-period about 350 microsecond-s). The repetition rate of the pairs of trigger pulses from trigger circuit 7 for producing successive sets of double flashes produced an interval T between successive pairs of flashes of about 40 milliseconds.
Further modifications will occur to those skilled in the art and all such are considered to vfall within the the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. 'Included in such, is the provision of a diode D shunting resistor R to prevent overcharging beyond the value V and clamping the voltage of capacitor C to a predetermined value, particularly in the event that the voltage applied at 2'-4 is somewhat greater than V/ 2.
What is claimed is:
1. An electric-impulse-prod-ucing apparatus having, in combination, first energy-storage means of predetermined value, a normally ineffective impulse-producing load connected across the first energy-storage means, means for storing energy in the first energy-storage means with a predetermined voltage, second energy-storage means of value greater than that of the first energy-storage means, means for storing energy in the second energy-storage means with a further voltage less than the said predetermined voltage, a voltage-boosting circuit connecting the first and second energy-storage means together, and means for rendering the impulse-producing load effective at a first instant of timeito enable impulse energization of the load by the stored energy in the first energy-storage means and at a second instant of time later to enable a second impulse energization of the load by the first energysflorage means in which energy has been re-stored from the second energy-storage means through the voltageboosting circuit.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 and in which the second energy-storage means is substantially four times the value of the first energy-storage means and the further voltage is substantially one-half that of the predetermined voltage.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 and in which the voltage-boosting circuit is substantially a voltage doubler.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 and in which the first and second energy-storage means comprise capacitors.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 and in which the voltage doubler comprises a resonant circuit the half vperiod of which is at least substantially equal to the time interval between the said first and second instants of time.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 and in which the resonant circuit includes a check valve.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 and in which the said rendering means comprises a source of trigger impulses. Y
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 and in which the said load comprises -a flash tube having principal and trigger electrode means with the principal electrode means connected across the first energy-storage means and the trigger electrode means connected with the said source of trigger impulses.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 and in which the charging time of the first energy-storage means is greater than the said half-period.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3 and in which the said load comprises a flash tube having electrodes connected across first energy-storage means.
11. Apparatus for producing successive electrical impules, that comprises, means for storing at a first location a predetermined voltage to a predetermined capacity, means for substantially simultaneously storing at a second location less than the predetermined voltage but with a greater capacity, means for discharging the stored. predetermined voltage at the first location to produce a first electrical impulse, means for transferring the stored voltage at the second location to the first location while sub stantially boosting the voltage, and means for discharging the transferred boosted voltage at the first location to produce a second electrical impulse.
12. Apparatus for producing successive electrical impulses, that comprises, means for storing at a first location a predetermined voltage to a predetermined capacity, means for substantially simultaneously storing at a second location substantially half the said predetermined voltage with substantially four times the said capacity, means for discharging the stored predetermined voltage at the first location to produce a first electrical impulse, means for transferring the stored voltage at the second location to the first location while substantially doubling the voltage, and means for discharging the transferred doubled voltage at the first location to produce a second electrical impulse.
13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 11 and in which there is further provided first means for triggering a gaseous medium to enable the first-named discharging means to discharge through the medium to produce a first light flash, and second means for triggering the medium at a time when the said voltage boosting has been effected to enable the second-named discharging means to discharge through the medium to produce a second light flash.
14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 and in which the said rendering means comprises a trigger circuit for producing successive sets of pairs of trigger pulses for producingdthe said first and second impulse energizations of the loa 15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14 and in which the time between successive sets of pairs of trigger pulses is greater than the time for storing the said voltages in the first and second energy-storage means.
16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 and in which the said voltage-boosting circuit comprises a delay device.
17. Apparatus as claimed in claim 16 and in which the delay device comprises a saturable inductor that resonates with the first and second energy-storage means to effect voltage boosting.
18. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 and in which means is provided in the said first energy-storing means for preventing overcharging beyond the said predetermined voltage.
19. Apparatus as claimed in claim 18 and in which the said first energy-storing means comprises a charging impedance and the said preventing means comprises a diode shunting the impedance.
20. Electric-impulse-producing, apparatus having, in combination, energy-storage means of predetermined value having highand low-voltage terminals, a normally ineifective impulse-producing load connected across said terminals, highand low-voltage energy sources, networks respectively connecting the highand low-voltage energy sources across the said terminals to store energy in the energy-storage means with a predetermined voltage that, under circumstances of variations of the low voltage energy source, may be exceeded at the high-voltage terminal during the said storing, and clamping means connecting the said high-voltage energy source and the said highvoltage terminal and biased at the said predetermined voltage for preventing over-storage of the energy-storage means beyond the said predetermined voltage at the said high-voltage terminals, and means for rendering the impulse-producing load efiective to discharge the said predetermined voltage stored in the energy storage means.
No references cited.
JOHN W. HUCKERT, Primary Examiner.
10 R. F. POLISSACK, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. AN ELECTRIC-IMPULSE-PRODUCING APPARATUS HAVING, IN COMBINATION, FIRST ENERGY-STORAGE MEANS OF PREDETERMINED VALUE, A NORMALLY INEFFECTIVE IMPULSE-PRODUCING LOAD CONNECTED ACROSS THE FIRST ENERGY-STORAGE MEANS, MEANS FOR STORING ENERGY IN THE FIRST ENERGY-STORAGE MEANS WITH A PREDETERMINED VOLTAGE, SECOND ENERGY-STORAGE MEANS OF VALUE GREATER THAN THAT OF THE FIRST ENERGY-STORAGE MEANS, MEANS FOR STORING ENERGY IN THE SECOND ENERGY-STORAGE MEANS WITH A FURTHER VOLTAGE LESS THAN THE SAID PREDETERMINED VOLTAGE, A VOLTAGE-BOOSTING CIRCUIT CONNECTING THE FIRST AND SECOND ENERGY-STORAGE MEANS TOGETHER, AND MEANS FOR RENDERING THE IMPULSE-PRODUCING LOAD EFFECTIVE AT A FIRST INSTANT OF TIME TO ENABLE IMPULSE ENERGIZATIONN OF THE LOAD BY THE STORED ENERGY IN THE FIRST ENERGY-STORAGE MEANS AND AT A SECOND INSTANT OF TIME LATER TO ENABLE A SECOND IMPULSE ENERGIZATION OF THE LOAD BY THE FIRST ENERGYSTORAGE MEANS IN WHICH ENERGY HAS BEEN RE-STORED FROM THE SECOND ENERGY-STORAGE MEANS THROUGH THE VOLTAGEBOOSTING CIRCUIT.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US245216A US3286128A (en) | 1962-12-17 | 1962-12-17 | Apparatus for multiple electric impulse production |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US245216A US3286128A (en) | 1962-12-17 | 1962-12-17 | Apparatus for multiple electric impulse production |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3286128A true US3286128A (en) | 1966-11-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US245216A Expired - Lifetime US3286128A (en) | 1962-12-17 | 1962-12-17 | Apparatus for multiple electric impulse production |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3376470A (en) * | 1965-08-12 | 1968-04-02 | Atomic Energy Commission Usa | Capacitor discharge circuit for starting and sustaining a welding arc |
| US3444431A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1969-05-13 | Eg & G Inc | Electric flash beacon |
| US3465203A (en) * | 1966-06-02 | 1969-09-02 | Xerox Corp | Flashlamp for electroscopic toner |
| US3488580A (en) * | 1966-11-17 | 1970-01-06 | Tel Design Inc | Telephone cable fault locator employing first and second potential means to create a sustained arcing action |
| US3624446A (en) * | 1969-10-06 | 1971-11-30 | Us Scientific Instruments | Electrical energy storage and flashing apparatus |
| US3846750A (en) * | 1972-07-27 | 1974-11-05 | Flash Technology Corp Of Ameri | Day-night flash beacon |
| US4013921A (en) * | 1975-06-02 | 1977-03-22 | Austin Electronics, Inc. | Warning light control |
| US4299464A (en) * | 1980-08-04 | 1981-11-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for reducing the incidence of eye closures during photographing of a human subject |
| WO1985000950A1 (en) * | 1983-08-16 | 1985-02-28 | Federal Signal Corporation | Flash tube employing multiple flashes |
| EP0219999A1 (en) * | 1985-10-08 | 1987-04-29 | LUCAS INDUSTRIES public limited company | Electric circuit arrangement |
| US6288499B1 (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 2001-09-11 | Biolase Technology, Inc. | Electromagnetic energy distributions for electromagnetically induced mechanical cutting |
| US6456797B1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2002-09-24 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electronic flash unit with alternative capacitor switching |
| EP2455807A1 (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-05-23 | Panasonic Corporation | Strobe device and portable apparatus |
-
1962
- 1962-12-17 US US245216A patent/US3286128A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3376470A (en) * | 1965-08-12 | 1968-04-02 | Atomic Energy Commission Usa | Capacitor discharge circuit for starting and sustaining a welding arc |
| US3444431A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1969-05-13 | Eg & G Inc | Electric flash beacon |
| US3465203A (en) * | 1966-06-02 | 1969-09-02 | Xerox Corp | Flashlamp for electroscopic toner |
| US3488580A (en) * | 1966-11-17 | 1970-01-06 | Tel Design Inc | Telephone cable fault locator employing first and second potential means to create a sustained arcing action |
| US3624446A (en) * | 1969-10-06 | 1971-11-30 | Us Scientific Instruments | Electrical energy storage and flashing apparatus |
| US3846750A (en) * | 1972-07-27 | 1974-11-05 | Flash Technology Corp Of Ameri | Day-night flash beacon |
| US4013921A (en) * | 1975-06-02 | 1977-03-22 | Austin Electronics, Inc. | Warning light control |
| US4299464A (en) * | 1980-08-04 | 1981-11-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for reducing the incidence of eye closures during photographing of a human subject |
| WO1985000950A1 (en) * | 1983-08-16 | 1985-02-28 | Federal Signal Corporation | Flash tube employing multiple flashes |
| GB2155710A (en) * | 1983-08-16 | 1985-09-25 | Federal Signal Corp | Flash tube employing multiple flashes |
| EP0219999A1 (en) * | 1985-10-08 | 1987-04-29 | LUCAS INDUSTRIES public limited company | Electric circuit arrangement |
| US4748382A (en) * | 1985-10-08 | 1988-05-31 | Lullas Industries Public Limited Company | Electric circuit arrangement |
| US6288499B1 (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 2001-09-11 | Biolase Technology, Inc. | Electromagnetic energy distributions for electromagnetically induced mechanical cutting |
| US6456797B1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2002-09-24 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electronic flash unit with alternative capacitor switching |
| EP2455807A1 (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-05-23 | Panasonic Corporation | Strobe device and portable apparatus |
| US20120176059A1 (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-07-12 | Panasonic Corporation | Strobe device and mobile device |
| EP2455807A4 (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-10-24 | Panasonic Corp | Strobe device and portable apparatus |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EG&G, INC., WELLESLEY, MA A CORP. OF MA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:UNITED STATES SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004076/0959 Effective date: 19821229 |