US3283511A - Ground reservoir for the storage of liquefied gases at a low temperature - Google Patents

Ground reservoir for the storage of liquefied gases at a low temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
US3283511A
US3283511A US246295A US24629562A US3283511A US 3283511 A US3283511 A US 3283511A US 246295 A US246295 A US 246295A US 24629562 A US24629562 A US 24629562A US 3283511 A US3283511 A US 3283511A
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United States
Prior art keywords
shafts
reservoir
liquid
liquefied
earth
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US246295A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nachshen Maurice
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Conch International Methane Ltd
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Conch International Methane Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/005—Underground or underwater containers or vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0138—Shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0171—Shape complex comprising a communication hole between chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0678—Concrete
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/031—Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
    • F17C2270/0144—Type of cavity
    • F17C2270/0147—Type of cavity by burying vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
    • F17C2270/0144—Type of cavity
    • F17C2270/0149—Type of cavity by digging cavities

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the storage of liquefied gas fat low temperature.
  • liquefied gas means liquid which boils at ⁇ atmospheric pressure at a temperature below the ambient temperature.
  • liquefied gases 4 are liquefied nitrogen, liquefied air, liquefied methane, liquefied natural gas, liquefied propane and liquefied oxygen.
  • the invention relates in particular to a ground reservoir for the storage of liquefied gases at low temperature.
  • lall the liquid in the earth formation between the individual shafts is frozen when the reservoir is in use.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a horizontal cross-section A-A of the reservoir according to the invention
  • FIGURE 2 shows a vertical cross-section B-B of the reservoir according to the invention
  • each shaft 2 is excavated in an earth formation 1.
  • the shafts 2 are deep in relation to their width.
  • the shafts 2 are circular in cross-section.
  • the depth of each shaft 2 is, for example, 100 feet, and its diameter is, for example, feet.
  • the shafts 2 are arranged in close proximity to each other.
  • the earth formation 3 surrounding the group of shafts 2 and between -the individual shafts 2 contains a liquid which is in solid condition. Normally this liquid is water.
  • Each shaft 2 is provided at its top with a roof 4 made of aluminium, concrete, stainless steel, wood or another Mice suitable material.
  • a roof 4 made of aluminium, concrete, stainless steel, wood or another Mice suitable material.
  • 1a curved roof 4 use can be made of a fiat roof 4.
  • each shaft 2 is provided with a roof 4 of its own. It is however, also possible to make use of one roof covering more than one shaft 2, but it is advantageous to provide each shaft 2 with a roof of its own, since Ia roof covering one :shaft only spans a relatively small opening so that the roof can be made of a relatively light and simple construction.
  • each shaft 2 In use, it is possible to fill and ⁇ discharge liquid from each shaft 2 separately. It is, however, possible to interconnect the shafts 2 by Ian opening 5 at the bottom of the shaft 2 and by an opening 6 at the top of shaft 2. This has the advantage that only one loading and unloading tube and only one venting arrangement is necessary for a group of shafts 2.
  • the group of shafts 2 can be divided in at least two subgroups, each shaft 2 of each subgroup being connected at the top 'and at the bottom to another Ishaft 2 yof the same subgroup by means of openings 6 and S respectively. In this way, each subgroup of shafts 2 forms a separate unit, and it is possible to load and unload each unit separately.
  • Excavation of the shafts 2 could be accomplished by large diameter mechanical ⁇ auger boring, or by excavation by special grabs, before freezing the ground.
  • each shaft 2 may be temporarily supported for the whole or part of its depth by metal or other casings, or where appropriate the shaft 2 may be kept filled or partly filled with water 12 or with drilling mud or other high density fluid, as shown in FIGURE 4A.
  • double pipes 13, 14 are inserted into the water as shown in FIGURES 4B and 4C, -in the drilling mud or in the high density fluid in the shafts 2.
  • the double pipes are lowered into the water, into the drilling mud or into the high density fluid near the walls of each shaft 2.
  • part of the water or drilling mud will also freeze. Therefore it may sometimes be necessary to pass a hot fluid such as hot water or steam through the pipes in order to thaw the ice which is -i-n contact with the pipes. In this way, the part of the water or of the ydrilling mud which has been frozen can be melted again. The w-ater or drilling mud can then be removed from the shafts 2.
  • a hot fluid such as hot water or steam
  • the drilling mud is displaced by a liquid having a low freezing point but with sufficient density to support the sides of the shafts 2 before the freezing.
  • this liquid could be reduced in temperature by any suitable means, for example by circulating -a cold fluid through pipes inserted into the -low freezing liquid, so that the ground around the periphery of (the .shafts will freeze.
  • the llow freezing liquid can be precooled before it is introduced into the shafts 2, so that upon introduction of it into the shafts 2 the ground around the shafts 2 will freeze almost immediately. After freezing of the ground, the low temperature liquid can be pumped out of the shafts.
  • a fiuid separating diaphragm When injecting the .flow freezing liquid into lthe shaft 2, a fiuid separating diaphragm can be used in order to prevent intermixing of the drilling mud and of the low freezing liquid.
  • a high density low freezing liquid may be used with-out the preliminary use of drilling mud.
  • the llow-freezing liquid should Ibe immscible with the liquid ycontained in the earth.
  • the roofs can be mounted, for example, as shown at 17 in Figure 4D, and then the ground reservoir is ready for receiving the liquefied gas -to Ibe stored.
  • a gro-und reservoir for the storage of liquefied gases at low temperature which comprises a group of substantially vertical shafts extending from the surface of the earth through the earth formation in close proximity to each other, a frozen liquid contained in the earth formation surrounding said group of shafts and between the individual shafts, said liquid solidifying at low temperatures and remaining solid when the reservoir is charged with the liquefied gas to be stored, said shafts being sufficiently close to each other so Ithat the solidified liquid completely occupies the space between adjacent shafts, means for filling and discharging liquid from the shafts, means for venting gas from the shafts, and at least one thermally insulated roof covering said shafts.
  • each shaft is covered by an individual thermally insulated roof.
  • a reservoir yas claimed in claim 1 in which shafts of the group a-re interconnected at the top and at the bottom.
  • a ground reservoir for the storage of liquefied gases at low temperature which comprises a group of substantially vertical shafts extending from the surface of the earth through the earth formation of the ground in close proximity to each other, a frozen liquid contained in the earth formation surrounding said group of shafts and be- ,tween the individual shafts, said liquid solidifying at low temperatures and remaining solid when the reservoir is charged with the liquefied gas to be stored, said shafts being sufficiently close to each other so that the solidified liquid completely occupies the space between adjacent shafts, means for filling and discharging liquid from the shafts, means for venting gas from the shafts, at least one thermally insulated roof covering said shafts, the upper wall and rim of each shaft comprising a strong, rigid fabricated unit extending downwardly into Contact with the earth around each shaft, said units of adjacent shafts being rigidly joined together to form a unitary rigid top portion for a plurality of adjacent shafts.
  • a method of constructing a ground reservoir for the storage of liquefied gases at low temperature which comprises boring a plurality of shafts in close proximity to each other in moisture-containing earth, supporting the walls of the shafts by means of a high density fluid, lowering pipes into the high density iiuid near the walls of the shafts, freezing the earth walls of the shafts by circulating a cold fluid through the pipes to solidify all the earth moisture between the adjacent shafts, replacing the cold Ifluid inthe pipes by a warm fuid, circulating the warm fluid through the pipes so that the high density fluid which is frozen melts, removing the pipes and the high density fiuid from the shafts, and covering the shafts by at least one thermally insulated roof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
US246295A 1962-02-12 1962-12-14 Ground reservoir for the storage of liquefied gases at a low temperature Expired - Lifetime US3283511A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5325/62A GB929609A (en) 1962-02-12 1962-02-12 A ground reservoir for the storage of liquefied gases at a low temperature

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3283511A true US3283511A (en) 1966-11-08

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US246295A Expired - Lifetime US3283511A (en) 1962-02-12 1962-12-14 Ground reservoir for the storage of liquefied gases at a low temperature

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3283511A (fi)
BE (1) BE628237A (fi)
DE (1) DE1271733B (fi)
GB (1) GB929609A (fi)
NL (1) NL287721A (fi)
OA (1) OA00320A (fi)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102933889A (zh) * 2010-05-06 2013-02-13 德士古发展公司 钻孔式地下气体储存系统

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4363563A (en) * 1978-02-21 1982-12-14 Wp-System Aktiebolag System for the storage of petroleum products and other fluids in a rock
SE410960B (sv) * 1978-04-26 1979-11-19 Svenska Vaeg Ab Anleggning for lagring av vetskor vid lag temperatur
FR2528811A1 (fr) * 1982-06-17 1983-12-23 Geostock Procede et dispositif de stockage de gaz liquefie a basse temperature dans une cavite souterraine

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US363419A (en) * 1887-05-24 Friedrich hermann poetscii
US1342780A (en) * 1919-06-09 1920-06-08 Dwight G Vedder Method and apparatus for shutting water out of oil-wells
US2033560A (en) * 1932-11-12 1936-03-10 Technicraft Engineering Corp Refrigerating packer
US2193219A (en) * 1938-01-04 1940-03-12 Bowie Drilling wells through heaving or sloughing formations
US2437909A (en) * 1945-11-27 1948-03-16 Howell C Cooper Storage means for liquefied gas
US2661062A (en) * 1949-06-28 1953-12-01 Edholm Harald Container for storing oil and like fluids
US2788637A (en) * 1952-12-04 1957-04-16 Phillips Petroleum Co Underground storage systems and improved method of operating
US2796739A (en) * 1953-05-22 1957-06-25 Phillips Petroleum Co Underground storage system
US2803114A (en) * 1952-07-18 1957-08-20 Phillips Petroleum Co Underground storage system
US2932170A (en) * 1954-03-24 1960-04-12 Patterson Morton Kingsley Refrigerated underground storage system

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2687618A (en) * 1951-10-19 1954-08-31 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Safety storage system for liquefied hydrocarbons
US2961840A (en) * 1957-08-12 1960-11-29 Phillips Petroleum Co Storage of volatile liquids

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US363419A (en) * 1887-05-24 Friedrich hermann poetscii
US1342780A (en) * 1919-06-09 1920-06-08 Dwight G Vedder Method and apparatus for shutting water out of oil-wells
US2033560A (en) * 1932-11-12 1936-03-10 Technicraft Engineering Corp Refrigerating packer
US2193219A (en) * 1938-01-04 1940-03-12 Bowie Drilling wells through heaving or sloughing formations
US2437909A (en) * 1945-11-27 1948-03-16 Howell C Cooper Storage means for liquefied gas
US2661062A (en) * 1949-06-28 1953-12-01 Edholm Harald Container for storing oil and like fluids
US2803114A (en) * 1952-07-18 1957-08-20 Phillips Petroleum Co Underground storage system
US2788637A (en) * 1952-12-04 1957-04-16 Phillips Petroleum Co Underground storage systems and improved method of operating
US2796739A (en) * 1953-05-22 1957-06-25 Phillips Petroleum Co Underground storage system
US2932170A (en) * 1954-03-24 1960-04-12 Patterson Morton Kingsley Refrigerated underground storage system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102933889A (zh) * 2010-05-06 2013-02-13 德士古发展公司 钻孔式地下气体储存系统
EP2567141A2 (en) * 2010-05-06 2013-03-13 Texaco Development Corporation Drilled underground gaseous storage system
EP2567141A4 (en) * 2010-05-06 2013-08-21 Texaco Development Corp UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE SYSTEM

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL287721A (fi)
OA00320A (fr) 1966-05-15
DE1271733B (de) 1968-07-04
GB929609A (en) 1963-06-26
BE628237A (fi)

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