Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
  • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
  • C23G5/028—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C23G5/02809—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing chlorine and fluorine
  • C23G5/02812—Perhalogenated hydrocarbons
  • C23G5/02816—Ethanes
  • C23G5/02819—C2Cl3F3
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D9/00—Chemical paint or ink removers
  • C09D9/005—Chemical paint or ink removers containing organic solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/50—Solvents
  • C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
  • C11D7/504—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents all solvents being halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C11D7/5059—Mixtures containing (hydro)chlorocarbons
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B5/62—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material
  • G11B5/68—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent
  • G11B5/70—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer
  • G11B5/702—Record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent on a base layer characterised by the bonding agent
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B5/84—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers
  • G11B5/8412—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record carriers treatment by ultrasonics

Definitions

• This invention relates to an azeotropic composition of 1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,Z-tritluot'oethane and chloroform, and
• Azeotropic compositions of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-tritluoroethane and each of acetone, methyl alcohol, and methylene chloride are known and have been shown to be useful as specialty solvents, by Eiseman, Jr. in U.S. Patent 2,999,815, by Bennett ct al. in U.S. Patent 2,999,816, and by Bower in U.S. Patent 2,999,817, respectively. While these azeotropic compositions are useful for many of the same general purposes, c.g. as solvents for greases, oils, waxes and the rosin fluxes used in making printed circuits, they vary in solvent power with respect to some other substances, whereby they are not full equivalents of each other for all purposes.
• the azeotrope of 1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane and methyl alcohol has little or no solvent effect on the magnetic inks employed on bank checks and like documents.
• the azcotropes of 1,l,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethanc and acetone or methylene chloride attack paints, varnishes, lacquers, and the inks (including magnetic inks) that are employed on bank checks and like documents. Accordingly, these latter azcotropic compositions cannot be used where their etfect on such substances would be objectionable.
• Said magnetic inks contain particles of magnetizable substances, preferably substances which have a high magnetic retentivity, in a binder, usually a wax, which is different from the binders of the other inks employed on such documents.
• the other inks employed on such documents are pen inks, such as ball point pen inks and liquid pen inks, and special printing inks which are designed to smear if attempts are made to alter or erase them, usually due to the presence of easily soluble organic dyes, and are nonmagnetizable.
• Buros proposes to apply to the erroneously encoded magnetizable ink characters, by means of a daubcr, a solvent which softens or dissolves the binder of the magnetic ink. Some of the magnetic ink is absorbed on the dauber and so removed and, due to the combined action of the solvent and the dauber, some of the magnetic ink is smeared so that the magnctizable particles are distributed over a much larger area of the desirable properties.
• magnctizable ink characters can be accomplished most effectively and rapidly by immersing the document in the solvent while it is subjected to ultrasonic agitation. This is accomplished in conventional ultrasonic cleaning or degreasing equipment, various forms of which are well known and commercially available.
• this invention comprises (1) an azeotropic composition consisting of about 92.8% by Weight of 1,1,Z-t-richloro-1,2,2-trifiuor0ethane and about 7.2% by weight of chloroform, and having a boiling point of 47.57 C. at 761.9 mm. Hg pressure; and (2) the process for treating documents, having magnetizable ink characters and nonmagnet-izable indicia thereon, to render the magnetizable ink characters unrecognizable by data processing equipment without deleteriously altering the nonmagnetizable indicia, which process comprises:
• 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-tritluoroethane (CCl FCClF and chloroform (CHCI when admixed in the above proportions, form a minimum boiling point azeotrope which distills at constant composition, the liquid phase and the vapor phase in equilibrium therewith having the same composition.
• the boiling point of pure 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifiuoroethane at 761.9 mm. Hg pressure is 47.80 C.
• This azeotropic composition is non-fiammable in both the liquid phase and the vapor phase, has a toxicity (estimated) of about 700 MAC, and
• the azeotrope can be prepared by mixing the two components in the indicated proportions.
• the azeotrope also may be obtained by careful fractional distillation of mixtures of the two components.
• the azeotropic composition'of 1,'1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifiuorocthane and chloroform is particularly useful as a specialty solvent for cleaning articles and equipment which are composed, in whole or in part, of plastics or which :have coatings of color-code lacquers, vamishes, and the like, that it is desired to leave unchanged.
• Such articles include photographic film, fine instruments, electric motors, printed circuits and the like.
• Pure 1,1,2-trichloro-l ⁇ ,2,2-trifluoroethane does not attack inks, plaslies, waxes, lacquers or varnishes but also has insutiieicnt solvent power to remove the oils, greases or rosin fluxes that may be on such surfaces or on adjacent parts.
• Pure chloroform is an excellent solvent for oils, greases, and rosin fluxes, but also attacks waxes, inks, color-code lacquers on electronic equipment, dissolves or swells many plastic parts such as circuit boards and plastic gears and bearings and the like of fine instruments, dissolves insulation on electric windings of motors, attacks and dissolves photographic film bases and emulsions, and is sufficiently corrosive to ruin the finish on highly finished machine parts.
• the azeotropic composition of this invention is an excellent solvent for oils, greases and rosin fluxes, but does not attack lacquers, varnishes, plastics or any metals, and hence has the advantageous properties of both of the 1,1,Z-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane and the chloroform, but does not have the disadvantageous properties of either.
• the azeotropic compositions of U.S. Patents 2,999,815 and 2,999,817, hereinbefore referred to, do not have these advantageous properties and hence are not useful where their effect on lacquers, varnishes, plastics, and metals would be objectionable.
• such composition is particularly useful as a solvent as the final rinse in a vapor phase degreaser for removing the rosin flux from printed circuit boards which include parts or portions having coatings of color-code lacquers which it is desired to leave unaltered. It is also particularly useful for dip cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning or vapor phase degreasing of other electronic equipment or fine instruments, such as precision bearings and other high tolerance parts composed of plastic or of both metal and plastic, where it is desired or necessary to avoid attacking the plastic, color-code lacquers, corrosion of very smoothly machined metal surfaces, and the like.-
• composition of the azeotrope of 1,1,2-trichloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane and chloroform is critical and has distinct advantages over other mixtures of these two components in materially different proportions.
• partial evaporation of the azeotropic does not change the composition of the liquid. Partial evaporation of other mixtures of these compounds results in liquids which contain higher proportions of chloroform. Such liquids would eventually attack plastics, color-code lacquers, other inks (in addition to magnetic inks), and the like.
• this azeotrope offers the advantage of constant composition.
• Solvent power is often expressed in terms of the Kauri- Butanol values, solvent power increasing with increas ing values. This test is described in ASTM-Dll33.
• 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane has a Kauri-Butanol value of 31, the azeotrope of this invention a value of 44, and chloroform 21 value of 208.
• the azeotrope is a somewhat stronger solvent than pure 1,1,2-t-richloro- 1,2,2-trifiuoroethane, but a much weaker solvent than pure chloroform.
• the azeotropic composition of this invention is very effective to dissolve and remove magnetic ink from documents, such as bank checks and the like, and does not attack other matter imprinted on or in such documents, such as printed matter, water marks, seals, and writing. Therefore, the magnetic ink charac- .ters are readily removed from such documents by the .method of Euros or, most conveniently, by immersing .the document or any desired part thereof in the azeotropic from the paper.
• the azeotropic mixture of 1,1,Z-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and chloroform is particularly valuable for use in treating documents having magnetizable ink characters thereon by the solvent removal or attenuation of only those characters so that they are no longer recognizable by data processing equipment.
• the azeotropic composition can be applied in the manner and by the method disclosed by Buros, e-.g. by means of a dauber.
• the azeotropic com-position is peculiarly adapted for use in an immersion process wherein at least that part of said document which contains the magnetizable ink characters is immersed in the azeotropic composition and maintained in the composition for a period of from about 5 to about 60 seconds, that is, until said characters are removed or attenuated to the desired extent.
• the document will then be removed from the composition, most of the composition drained off, and the rest allowed to evaporate.
• the process may be used before or after the magnetizable particles have been magnetized.
• each magnetizable ink character including the magnetizable particles
• the document is efficiently and rapidly removed cleanly from the document (usually in about 5 seconds), without smearing of the magnetizable character or otherwise altering the document or the other, nonmagnetizable indicia thereon even on long exposure, e.g. 1 minute.
• Any magnctizable particles left in or on the document are so few in number that said character is attenuated and unrecognizable by data processing equipment.
• the speed and efficiency of the removal of the magnetizable ink characters is improved by subjecting the azeotropic composition to agitation during the immersion of the document therein.
• ultrasonic agitation will be used, whereby particularly efficient and rapid removal of the magnetizable ink characters will be accomplished.
• the process preferably will be carried out in ultrasonically agitated cleaning equipment which are well known and are readily available commercially.
• the whole document will be immersed in the azeotropic composition, particularly where the document is small as in the case of bank checks.
• Magnetic inks are composed of magnctizable particles of iron or iron compounds dispersed or dissolved in a binder which is a wax or a special resin, usually a wax.
• a binder which is a wax or a special resin, usually a wax.
• the agitation then causes the ink and particularly the magnetizable particles to separate It is necessary to remove sufficient of the magnetizable particles so that the magnetic reading device will no longer detect their presence. Removal of the binder is of secondary importance. Any form of agitation which causes the separation of the magnetizable particles is useful; the ultrasonic devices, due to their highly efiicient agitation, are convenient and preferred.
• a high speed spray of the azeotrope directly on the magnetic ink printing also provides sufiicient driving force to remove the magnetizable particles and works well.
• the portion of the document containing the undesired printing is immersed in the azeotrope while the latter is agitated. Immersion for about 5 to about seconds is usually sufficient to remove greater than 75% of the ink and render the magnetizable ink characters unrecognizable by data processing equipment. It is possible to remove all of the ink in this manner, whereby the printing would no longer be legible. Usuaily this is not required and traces of the ink may remain, sufiicicnt to see and perhaps read although not for the magnetic reader to detect. After cleaning, the document is allowed to air dry a few moments, then the correct numbers can be printed.
• the process ordinarily will be carried out with the azeotropic composition at about normal atmospheric -tempera ture, i.e. about 21 C.
• the time of immersion of the document in the azeotropic composition will depend upon the efficiency of the agitation and the results desired. Usually, the time of immersion will vary from about 5 to about 60 seconds, preferably about 5 to about 15 seconds with efiicient ultrasonic agitation. Longer times may be employed, but usually will be unnecessary.
• Examples A commercially available, ultrasonically agitated cleaning device ('v ⁇ "estinghouse Ultrasonic Cleaning Unit, type Model #7507765-G, of 1 gallon capacity, tray type 8".
• X 7" X 6 having a magnetostrictive-space-laminatcd transducer
• Commercial bank checks having magnetic printing and pen ink writing thereon were immersed for 5-15 seconds in the unit with ultrasonic agitation in operation.
• n-IIeptanc u-Ilexane a mixture of parts by weight of l,l,2-trichloro 1,2,2-trilluoroethane and 20 parts by weight of methyl chloroform, CH CCl which is not an azeotropic composition, was similarly tested. Initially it was effective to remove and attenuate and magnetizable ink characters without affecting the other inks. However,,during standing and use, the l,t,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane preferentially evaporated so that the mixture became progressively richer in methyl chloroform, whereby after one hour of continuous use, the mixture caused smearing of other inks of the bank cheeks.
• Methyl chloroform has a toxicity value of about 350 MAC.
• the azeotrope of 1 ,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2- trifluoroethane and methylene chloride. of US. Patent 2,999,8t7 has an objectionably strong odor.
• this invention provides a novel azeotropic composition which has new, unobvious and unexpected properties, whereby it is useful for a variety of purposes for which other related compositions are not useful.
• the azeotropic composition is uniquely valuable for use in attenuating magnetizable ink characters on documents and rendering them unrecognizable to data processing equipment, whereby its use for that purpose provides a new and improved process for the substantial elimination of those characters from such documents. Accordingly, it will be apparent that this invention constitutes a valuable contribution to and advance in the art.
• An azeotropic composition consisting of about 92.8% by weight of l,l,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane and about 7.2% by weight of chloroform, and having a boiling point of 47.57 C. at 761.9 mm. Hg pressure.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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ID=23393299

Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (9)

Citations (4)

• 1964
  • 1964-03-24 US US354426A patent/US3282853A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1965
  • 1965-03-24 NL NL6503755A patent/NL6503755A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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