US3280425A - Apparatus for plastifying and extruding thermoplastic material - Google Patents

Apparatus for plastifying and extruding thermoplastic material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3280425A
US3280425A US359910A US35991064A US3280425A US 3280425 A US3280425 A US 3280425A US 359910 A US359910 A US 359910A US 35991064 A US35991064 A US 35991064A US 3280425 A US3280425 A US 3280425A
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United States
Prior art keywords
spindle
worm
housing
recess
bore
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Expired - Lifetime
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US359910A
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English (en)
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Beck Erich
Bosch Walter
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
    • D01D1/09—Control of pressure, temperature or feeding rate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/387—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using a screw extruder and a gear pump
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/45—Axially movable screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/501—Extruder feed section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/63—Screws having sections without mixing elements or threads, i.e. having cylinder shaped sections
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/04—Melting filament-forming substances
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/365—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using pumps, e.g. piston pumps

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus for plastifying and extruding thermoplastic material such as a synthetic resin, and more particularly to apparatus of this kind comprising -a spinning pump or metering pump for the plastified material which is to be extruded, e.g. through a spinning nozzle, and a worm-type press for plastifying the thermoplastic material, which has been supplied in comrninuted form, e.g. as a powder or as a granulate, and feeding it to the said spinning pump.
  • the latter preferably is a volumetric displacement pump, e.g. a. gearwheel pump.
  • the invention relates to means for regulating the supply of thermoplastic material into the said worm-type press, in order to adapt the output thereof to the output of the spinning pump.
  • Worm-type presses are known in which the worm spindle is conical and is adapted to be forced back against the pressure exerted on it by a spring, in order to regulate the output of the press.
  • the Worm spindle will be forced back axially in the bore of the housing of the press whenever the spinning pump is overfed, and due to the increased difference between its own diameter and the diameter of the housing bore, it will feed less material to the spinning pump.
  • this pump is underfed, the worm press will deliver more material to it.
  • Another mode of regulating the supply of the plastified material to the spinning pump consists in providing a slipping clutch in the drive of the worm press, the slip of which clutch will be greater or smaller depending on the quantity of plastified material absorbed by the spinning pump.
  • the pressure of the plastified material between the Worm press and the spinning pump is to be maintained substantially constant and the plastified material required by the spinning pump at its actual running speed is to be supplied in controlled quantity by the worm press.
  • thermoplastic material in worm presses, a substantial part of the energy required for plastifying the thermoplastic material can be supplied through the worm spindle drive shaft in the form of mechanical energy.
  • the regulation of the quantity of plastified material therefore results in variations of its viscosity, which variations make it impossible to maintain a constant pressure in the material ahead of the spinning pump.
  • Another object of the invention is to permit the use of a high-speed worm press with substantially adiabatic operation, in which the whole of the plastifying energy required is supplied in mechanical form through the driving shaft of the Worm spindle.
  • Adjustment of the pressure can be effected in wellknown manner by modifying the pressure of a spring by which the worm spindle is biased towards its delivery end and which may be mounted between a shoulder on the worm spindle and the end Wall of its housing, or by pneumatic or hydraulic devices.
  • stirring means are provided on the worm spindle at the rear of its piston-like enlargement.
  • Thesestirring means may be arranged in such position with respect'to the port through which the material is supplied, that whenever the worm spindle is displaced to the rear and its piston-like enlargement at least partly .obturates the entrance to the said recess, the stirring means become displaced out of the path of the material flowing from the said port to the said recess, so that their effect on that material is reduced or ceases altogether, while as the pressure in front of the worm spindle decreases and the latter moves forward again, thereby increasing the open cross-section of the said recess entrance, the stirring means become displaced into the said path of the material and aid the passage also of the larger granules in the latter into said recess.
  • the apparatus may comprise damping means responsive to the axial displacement of the worm spindle.
  • damping means may act on the supply of the material, or according to another such embodiment, they may serve for damping the axial movement of the worm spindle itself.
  • This spindle may have, for example, an annular groove controlling a hydraulic damping device.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through an apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section according to line b-b of FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the housing wall in the apparatus according to FIG. 1.
  • the apparatus represented in FIGS. 1 to 3 comprises a housing 1 which has a longitudinal bore composed of various sections, namely, a substantially cylindrical forward section 2, a conical section 3 the diameter of which increases towards the rear, and a further cylindrical rear section 4 which is bounded at its forward end by an annular abutment shoulder 5.
  • a worm spindle 6 which also comprises a number of integral sections is mounted in the housing 1 so as to be both rotatable and axially slidable. At its rear, the spindle 6 has a driving flange 37 and a cylindric stem 7 terminated at its front end by a collar 8 against which the inner race of a ball bearing 9 centered on the stem 7 is maintained.
  • Another ball bearing 10 is also mounted on the stem 7, the inner races of the two ball bearings being axially spaced by a sleeve 11 and retained by a circlip 12 engaging an axially coextensive circumferential groove in the surface of the stem 7.
  • each of the outer races of the ball bearings 9 and 10 carries a radial pin (not shown) engaging a longitudinal groove in the housing wall to prevent rotation of these outer races.
  • the assembly comprising the worm spindle 6 and the two ball bearings is acted upon by a coaxial compression spring 13 interposed between a washer ring 14 resting on the outer race of the ball bearing 10 and another similar washer ring 15 which is adjustably positioned in the housing 1 by means of screws 16 (preferably three, placed at 120 from each other about the axis of housing 1, although only two of themare shown in the same diametral plane) screwed into a cover 17 secured to the housing 1 by means not shown.
  • the worm spindle 6 extends forwardly through the conical section 3 of the housing bore and in front thereof it has a piston-like cylindrical enlargement or collar 18 which makes a sliding fit in the forward cylindrical section 2 of the housing bore both in the lowermost position of the worm spindle 6, with the outer race of ball bearing 9 abutting the annular shoulder 5 in the housing, and in the uppermost position of the spindle 6, when the spring 13 is fully compressed.
  • the foremost section 19 of the worm spindle 6 is formed by the worm proper and has a helical rib 20 which makes a substantially sealing but movable fit in the cylindrical section 2 of the housing bore, and with the wall of the latter defines a helical duct 21 which is open at the front'end of the spindle but closed at the rear by the piston-like enlargement.
  • a spinning pump of a conventional positive-displacement type here schematically shown as a gearwheel pump 22, the inlet chamber 23 of which is in open communication with the lower end of the housing bore section 2 and which is adapted to deliver the displaced material through an outlet port 24 to which an extruding nozzle (not shown) may be fitted.
  • the material which is to pass the described apparatus is supplied thereto from a hopper 25 through a supply port 26 in the wall of the housing, which port issues into the lower part of the conical section 3 of the housing bore.
  • a set of stirring vanes 27 is mounted on the worm spindle 6 and it will be seen that when the latter is in its uppermost position, the stirring vanes 27 will be substantially out of the Way of the material entering the housing bore through the supply port 26.
  • a recess 28 bounded by a sloping entrance wall 29, an axially extending bottom wall 30 and a sloping outlet wall 31 as well as parallel side walls 32.
  • This recess is at such a level in the said portion of the housing bore that its entrance Cross-section defined by the rear or upper edge 33 of the enlargement 18, the entrance wall 29 and the side walls 32 varies substantially between a maximum when the Worm spindle 6 is in its foremost position as shown in the drawing, and an amount approaching Zero when the worm spindle is in its rearmost position, the said upper edge 33 then nearly coinciding with the upper edge of the entrance wall 29.
  • the entrance wall 29 itself which in effect cooperates with the edge 33 to define the said entrance cross-section of the recess 28 but an adjustable flap 34 mounted on a thin shaft 35 which is swingably supported in the housing at the very upper edge of the recess 28. As shown in dotted lines in FIG. 3, this shaft 35 extends to the outside of the housing and isbent to provide an arm 36 for adjusting the position of flap 34 as required.
  • the recess 28 issues into the helical duct 21 along the worm spindle 6 regardless of the axial position thereof within its abovedefined range of displacement.
  • the worm spindle is rotated from an appropriate source of mechanical power (not shown) by means of its coupling flange 37 at a speed adapted and proportional to that of the spinning pump 22, which preferably is driven from the same source of power.
  • the material to be extruded such as a synthetic resin in granulated form, is supplied through the hopper 25 and the supply port 26 into the conical section 3 of the housing bore, above the piston-like enlargement 18 of the worm spindle 6.
  • this spindle is in its lowermost position as shown in the drawing, the granulated material is stirred by the vanes 27 on the rotating spindle.
  • the quantity of material delivered to the worm press through the recess 28 while the worm spindle is in its lowermost position as shown in the drawing, with the flap 34 in a position corresponding to the respective quality of material, is larger than that which will. be absorbed by the spinning pump 22. Accordingly, the pressure at the inlet 23 increases and the worm spindle: 6 is pushed back in the direction indicated by arrow as against the pressure of the spring 13 until the increased. pressure exerted by this spring balances the increased pressure below the worm spindle 6. Thereby, the edge: 33 bounding the enlargement 18 of the spindle restrictsv the flow of material through the recess 28 and the helical.
  • the damping means can comprise, for example, the compression spring 13 and screws 16, for adjusting the tension of the spring.
  • a damping device between the driving flange 37 and the flap 34, whereby such flap would be adjusted under the influence of both the axial position of the worm spindle 6 and the said damping device.
  • a hydraulic or other damping device could be associated directly with the spindle 6, e.g. by means of a pin engaging an annular groove of the spindle, for damping the axial movement thereof.
  • a housing having a longitudinal bore comprising a cylindric portion, a positive displacement pump connected to said housing and having an inlet communicating with one end of said housing bore, a kneading spindle mounted for rotation in said housing bore and axially displaceable therein between a foremost and a rearmost position, said spindle having a forward portion fitting said cylindric portion of said housing bore and having at least one helical rib formed in its surface, defining in said cylindric portion of the housing bore at least one helical duct communicating at its forward end with said inlet of the positive displacement pump, said kneading spindle further having a piston-like enlargement in advance of said helical rib and in sliding fit with said housing bore, a Supply port formed in said housing issuing into its said bore at least partly to the rear of the zone occupied by said pistonlike enlargement of the spindle in the said rearmost

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
US359910A 1963-03-29 1964-04-15 Apparatus for plastifying and extruding thermoplastic material Expired - Lifetime US3280425A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US359910A US3280425A (en) 1963-03-29 1964-04-15 Apparatus for plastifying and extruding thermoplastic material

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH401763A CH423082A (de) 1963-03-29 1963-03-29 Vorrichtung, bestehend aus einer Schneckenpresse und einer nachfolgenden Zahnradspinnpumpe, zur Herstellung von Fäden oder Fadenbündeln
US359910A US3280425A (en) 1963-03-29 1964-04-15 Apparatus for plastifying and extruding thermoplastic material

Publications (1)

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US3280425A true US3280425A (en) 1966-10-25

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US359910A Expired - Lifetime US3280425A (en) 1963-03-29 1964-04-15 Apparatus for plastifying and extruding thermoplastic material

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US3280425A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE645856A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH423082A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1435530C3 (en, 2012)
ES (1) ES298069A1 (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1386880A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB992310A (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL140178B (en, 2012)
SE (1) SE300301B (en, 2012)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3474773A (en) * 1968-05-16 1969-10-28 Monsanto Co Polymer melt screw pump for fiber spinning
US3901487A (en) * 1973-11-21 1975-08-26 Werner & Pfleiderer Continuously operable screw machine
US4461734A (en) * 1982-09-13 1984-07-24 Union Carbide Corporation Process for plasticization and pumping of low bulk density plastics
US5145251A (en) * 1988-05-17 1992-09-08 The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. Extruder having degree-of-kneading adjusting device
EP0618060A1 (de) * 1993-03-30 1994-10-05 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zum Plastifizieren von unidirektional faserverstärktem Thermoplastgranulat
US5498149A (en) * 1993-08-31 1996-03-12 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Device for thermoforming a pouring spout
US20200306704A1 (en) * 2018-06-04 2020-10-01 Nike, Inc. Methods and system for mixing and dispensing viscous materials for the creation of additive structures
US20210283814A1 (en) * 2018-11-28 2021-09-16 Gneuss Gmbh Method of processing solid polymer particles of a polycondensate by means of a multi-rotation system
CN117048016A (zh) * 2023-10-11 2023-11-14 江苏奥瑞斯智能装备有限公司 一种塑料生产用挤出成型机

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3376604A (en) * 1965-09-28 1968-04-09 Wilhelm Anger Ohg Multi-screw extruders
GB8504158D0 (en) * 1985-02-19 1985-03-20 Bicc Plc Mixing & extrusion machinery
CA1290528C (en) * 1985-07-09 1991-10-15 Martin Walsh Method and apparatus for producing thermoplastic and products produced therefrom

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2791802A (en) * 1953-03-04 1957-05-14 Celanese Corp Extruder
US3110930A (en) * 1960-05-27 1963-11-19 Alpine Ag Apparatus for producing plastic filaments

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2791802A (en) * 1953-03-04 1957-05-14 Celanese Corp Extruder
US3110930A (en) * 1960-05-27 1963-11-19 Alpine Ag Apparatus for producing plastic filaments

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3474773A (en) * 1968-05-16 1969-10-28 Monsanto Co Polymer melt screw pump for fiber spinning
US3901487A (en) * 1973-11-21 1975-08-26 Werner & Pfleiderer Continuously operable screw machine
US4461734A (en) * 1982-09-13 1984-07-24 Union Carbide Corporation Process for plasticization and pumping of low bulk density plastics
US5145251A (en) * 1988-05-17 1992-09-08 The Japan Steel Works, Ltd. Extruder having degree-of-kneading adjusting device
EP0618060A1 (de) * 1993-03-30 1994-10-05 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zum Plastifizieren von unidirektional faserverstärktem Thermoplastgranulat
US5498149A (en) * 1993-08-31 1996-03-12 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Device for thermoforming a pouring spout
US20200306704A1 (en) * 2018-06-04 2020-10-01 Nike, Inc. Methods and system for mixing and dispensing viscous materials for the creation of additive structures
US20210016236A1 (en) * 2018-06-04 2021-01-21 Nike, Inc. Methods and system for mixing and dispensing viscous materials for the creation of additive structures
US11701629B2 (en) * 2018-06-04 2023-07-18 Nike, Inc. Methods and system for mixing and dispensing viscous materials for the creation of additive structures
US11896942B2 (en) * 2018-06-04 2024-02-13 Nike, Inc. Methods and system for mixing and dispensing viscous materials for the creation of additive structures
US20210283814A1 (en) * 2018-11-28 2021-09-16 Gneuss Gmbh Method of processing solid polymer particles of a polycondensate by means of a multi-rotation system
CN117048016A (zh) * 2023-10-11 2023-11-14 江苏奥瑞斯智能装备有限公司 一种塑料生产用挤出成型机
CN117048016B (zh) * 2023-10-11 2023-12-26 江苏奥瑞斯智能装备有限公司 一种塑料生产用挤出成型机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1435530C3 (de) 1975-04-17
NL6403277A (en, 2012) 1964-09-30
ES298069A1 (es) 1964-09-01
FR1386880A (fr) 1965-01-22
GB992310A (en) 1965-05-19
NL140178B (nl) 1973-11-15
CH423082A (de) 1966-10-31
BE645856A (en, 2012) 1964-09-28
DE1435530B2 (de) 1974-08-29
DE1435530A1 (de) 1968-10-31
SE300301B (en, 2012) 1968-04-22

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