US3278299A - Pig iron process - Google Patents

Pig iron process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3278299A
US3278299A US218074A US21807462A US3278299A US 3278299 A US3278299 A US 3278299A US 218074 A US218074 A US 218074A US 21807462 A US21807462 A US 21807462A US 3278299 A US3278299 A US 3278299A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pig iron
graphite
nodular
iron
charge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US218074A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harry H Kessler
William H Moore
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US218074A priority Critical patent/US3278299A/en
Priority to ES290015A priority patent/ES290015A1/es
Priority to CH949063A priority patent/CH445537A/de
Priority to NL63296287A priority patent/NL144329B/xx
Priority to DE19631433565 priority patent/DE1433565A1/de
Priority to DK398463AA priority patent/DK117575B/da
Priority to FI1601/63A priority patent/FI43443B/fi
Priority to GB32909/63A priority patent/GB1059724A/en
Priority to ES292547A priority patent/ES292547A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3278299A publication Critical patent/US3278299A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • Foundry pig iron contains carbon in the form of graphite or free carbide, with the majority of all pig iron being of the graphitic type.
  • This graphite consists of large spiky or hornlike particles of kish or primary graphite, together with large secondary flake graphite of the saucer variety. This is called type C graphite according to the ASTM-AFS graphite classification chart.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a pig iron having the graphite in an improved compacted or nodular form, with substantially reduced quantities of spiky kish. Another object is to provide a pig iron highly purified with respect to elements that promote flake graphite. Another object is to provide a pig iron for remelting purposes which, when remelted, will produce a melt of improved physical and mechanical property potential.
  • FIGURE 1 is a photomicrograph taken at 100 diametrs showing the typical spiky kish and saucer flake graphite of a commercial pig iron;
  • FIGURE 2 is a photomicrograph taken at 100 diameters showing the nodular and compacted flake graphite of a pig iron made according to the teaching of this invention
  • FIGURE 3 is a photomicrograph taken at 100 diameters showing the graphite obtained on remelting a typical commercial pig iron. Note the areas of kish graphite. AFS type C; and
  • FIGURE 4 is a photomicrograph taken at 100 diameters showing the graphite obtained on remelting the pig iron of this invention. Note realtive absence of kish graphite and improved distribution of flake graphite.
  • AFS type A is a photomicrograph taken at 100 diameters showing the graphite obtained on remelting the pig iron of this invention. Note realtive absence of kish graphite and improved distribution of flake graphite.
  • foundry pig iron In the manufacture of cast iron castings, foundry pig iron has always formed a large proportion of the furnace charge. According to the economic position with regards to the relative cost of pig iron and cast iron scrap and steel, the proportion of pig iron in the furnace charge may be varied over fairly broad limits. However, in most types of cast iron used for various purposes, a certain minimum amount of pig iron is always preferred in the charge, as it is of known chemical analysis and confers certain useful foundry characteristics to the molten metal prepared from the furnace charge. Proportions of pig iron used in the average furnace charge may range from as little as to as high as 100% by weight, but is generally in the region of 25% to 40%.
  • the size, form, and shape of the graphite in the pig iron exerts an influence on the size, form, and shape of the graphite in a cast iron made from pig iron, or from a charge containing a proportion of pig iron.
  • a pig iron containing large quantities of coarse flake graphite and large quantities of spiky kish will tend to produce a cast iron containing a similar graphite, whereas pig irons containing quantities of smaller flake graphite and less kish tend to produce cast irons themselves having smaller and improved graphite flakes.
  • a pig iron may be mottled or partially white and this pig iron, when melted in a charge, will usually produce a cast iron having a somewhat improved character of graphite, depending on the chemistry attained and the methods of melting and processing the melt.
  • pig iron containing the nodular or partially nodular form of graphite with little or no kish or primary graphite of the spiky variety may be used in malleable iron charges according to conventional practice and the result of using this pig iron is to produce a malleable iron having less tendency to primary graphite in heavy sections. It is also noticed that malleable iron made with the pig iron of this invention tends to malleablize more readily than with other types of pig iron conventionally used.
  • the exact method of producing the pig iron of our invention is not too important; thus, it may be produced in a blast furnace, in any other type of shaft furnace, or even in an electric furnace by reduction of iron ore and carbon, or by any of the conventional means.
  • this pig iron In producing this pig iron the molten pig iron is subjected to a treatment which will nodularize the graphite in the melt.
  • This treatment may utilize calcium, magnesium, cerium, lithium, or any of the other well known nodularizing agents and they may be added by sub-surface injection with inert gas, by direct surface treatment, or by any of the means known to those skilled in the art.
  • a portion of molten metal from a blast furnace was cast into a test piece and pigs marked A and to a further portion an addition was made comprising by weight of a mixture containing 80 parts of calcium silicide and 20 parts of rare earth fluoride.
  • This metal portion was cast into a test piece and pigs marked B.
  • To a third portion of the molten metal was added A by weight of a mixture consisting of 40 parts of calcium silicide, 40 parts of magnesium silicon alloy and 20 parts of calcium fluoride.
  • This metal portion was cast into a test piece and pigs marked C.
  • test pieces thus cast were examined along with the pigs cast with each portion and the results were as follows:
  • the pigs cast with each portion were used in commercial heats and found to give the benefits hereinafter demonstrated.
  • Example N0 1.A melt was produced in a cupola from a charge consisting of 50% structural steel pieces and 50% of a regular foundry pig iron having the composition:
  • a second melt was produced in the same furnace from a charge consisting of 50% structural steel pieces and 50% of the pig iron of this invention having the graphite in nodular form produced by adding a magnesium ferro silicon as a nodularizing agent of a first effective amount to a blast furnace pig iron and the composition:
  • Example N0 2.A melt was produced in an electric furnace using a charge consisting of 100% pig iron of composition:
  • the chemistry was:
  • a second melt was produced in the same electric furnace using a charge consisting of 100% of the pig iron of this invention.
  • This pig iron had previously been produced by adding by weight (first effective amount) of an to 20 mixture of calcium silicide and rare earth fluoride to molten iron from the blast furnace and casting the pigs.
  • the pig iron had about 50% of the graphite in the nodular form with the balance as compacted flake graphite.
  • the chemistry of the pig iron was:
  • the method of producing a nodular cast iron casting may be said to comprise the steps of selecting an initial liquid iron, which if cast without treatment would comprise essentially type C AFS graphite characterized by spiky Lkish, and then adding an effective rfirst amount of nodularizing agent to the initial liquid iron and pouring and cooling the same to produce pig iron having at least some of the graphite in the nodular form and substantially no spiky kish.
  • This pig iron is then added to a furnace charge and makes up from 110% to 100% of the charge, which is then melted and an effective second amount of nodularizing agent is added thereto.
  • the effective second amount is less than would have been used it" the pig iron had comprised substantially type C AFS graphite and had not been nodularized by the effective first amount of nodularizing agent.
  • the final step is the casting of the melt into a casting with the graphite being in the nodular form.
  • the charge using the pig iron prepared in accordance with the teachings of the invention may be melted and if cast would contain type A AFS graphite in improved amount over that which would have been obtained had the charge comprised essentially the initial liquid iron and been cast without the addition of the first effective amount of nodularizing agent.
  • the tfinal step is the casting of the melt into a casting with the graphite being a flake form.
  • nodular cast iron from a charge containing from 10% to of pig iron
  • that improvement comprising incorporating into the charge a nodular pig iron characterized by the substantial absence of primary 'kish graphite known as type C AFS graphite and by the presence of nodular graphite produced by nodular treatment of the pig iron at the blast furnace with a nodularizing agent, melting said charge which includes said nodular pig iron to produce a molten bath, said nodular pig iron constituting from 10% to 100% of said charge and acting in the direction of improving the nodularizing tendency of said bath, treating said bath with a nodularizing agent to produce a nodular iron casting of improved nodularity at a lower residual nodularizing agent content than would have been the case if said nodular pig iron had not been incorporated in said charge, and thereafter pouring said molten bath into a casting With the graphite thereof being in the nodular form.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
US218074A 1962-08-20 1962-08-20 Pig iron process Expired - Lifetime US3278299A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US218074A US3278299A (en) 1962-08-20 1962-08-20 Pig iron process
ES290015A ES290015A1 (es) 1962-08-20 1963-07-15 El método de producción de una fundición de hierro modular
CH949063A CH445537A (de) 1962-08-20 1963-07-30 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gusseisen
NL63296287A NL144329B (nl) 1962-08-20 1963-08-06 Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van uit gietijzer met verbeterde grafietstructuur bestaande gietstukken.
DE19631433565 DE1433565A1 (de) 1962-08-20 1963-08-14 Verfahren und Herstellung von Gusseisen unter Verwendung von verbessertem Roheisen
DK398463AA DK117575B (da) 1962-08-20 1963-08-20 Fremgangsmåde ved fremstilling af jernstøbegods.
FI1601/63A FI43443B (en:Method) 1962-08-20 1963-08-20
GB32909/63A GB1059724A (en) 1962-08-20 1963-08-20 Improved pig iron
ES292547A ES292547A1 (es) 1962-08-20 1963-10-16 Procedimiento para la fabricación de un arrabio mejorado para la fundición

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US218074A US3278299A (en) 1962-08-20 1962-08-20 Pig iron process

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3278299A true US3278299A (en) 1966-10-11

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US218074A Expired - Lifetime US3278299A (en) 1962-08-20 1962-08-20 Pig iron process

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3278299A (en:Method)
CH (1) CH445537A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1433565A1 (en:Method)
DK (1) DK117575B (en:Method)
ES (2) ES290015A1 (en:Method)
FI (1) FI43443B (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1059724A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL144329B (en:Method)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3975191A (en) * 1974-11-25 1976-08-17 Rote Franklin B Method of producing cast iron
CN103597645A (zh) * 2011-06-03 2014-02-19 科学与工业研究委员会 制备用于锂离子电池的初生石墨锂插入负极材料的方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2740716C2 (de) * 1977-09-09 1982-08-12 Moskovskij avtomobil'nyj zavod imeni I.A. Lichačeva (proizvodstvennoe ob"edinenie ZIL), Moskva Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Kugelgraphit-Gußeisen
GB2127041B (en) * 1979-10-24 1986-12-17 William H Moore Controlled graphite formation in cast iron
US4396428A (en) * 1982-03-29 1983-08-02 Elkem Metals Company Processes for producing and casting ductile and compacted graphite cast irons

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3975191A (en) * 1974-11-25 1976-08-17 Rote Franklin B Method of producing cast iron
CN103597645A (zh) * 2011-06-03 2014-02-19 科学与工业研究委员会 制备用于锂离子电池的初生石墨锂插入负极材料的方法
CN103597645B (zh) * 2011-06-03 2016-08-17 科学与工业研究委员会 制备用于锂离子电池的初生石墨锂插入负极材料的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES292547A1 (es) 1963-12-01
NL144329B (nl) 1974-12-16
DK117575B (da) 1970-05-11
DE1433565A1 (de) 1968-11-21
CH445537A (de) 1967-10-31
FI43443B (en:Method) 1970-12-31
GB1059724A (en) 1967-02-22
ES290015A1 (es) 1963-12-01

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