US3278028A - Flotation of mica - Google Patents
Flotation of mica Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3278028A US3278028A US320576A US32057663A US3278028A US 3278028 A US3278028 A US 3278028A US 320576 A US320576 A US 320576A US 32057663 A US32057663 A US 32057663A US 3278028 A US3278028 A US 3278028A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mica
- ore
- flotation
- percent
- concentrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 title description 64
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SELIRUAKCBWGGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SELIRUAKCBWGGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 31
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- -1 amine acetate Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N linoleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC)(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 3
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical class C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052614 beryl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009850 completed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008396 flotation agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009291 froth flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSJANQIGFSGFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylazanium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC[NH3+] NSJANQIGFSGFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052613 tourmaline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011032 tourmaline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940070527 tourmaline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/20—Mica; Vermiculite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/002—Inorganic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/008—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/01—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/04—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances mica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/02—Collectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
- B03D2203/04—Non-sulfide ores
Definitions
- This invention relates to beneficiation of mica ores by flotation.
- Mica is widely used for insulation in electrical and electronic applications, in manufacture of paint, rubber goods, wall board, roofing material, in drilling muds, etc.
- Mica ores normally occur in pegmatites associated with such minerals as quartz, feldspars, tourmaline, apatite, spodumene, beryl, kaolinite and limonite.
- domestic production of scrap and flake mica used in producing ground mica is presently dependent almost entirely on crushing and screening and on gravity methods for recovering the mica.
- the ore In the few cases where flotation is utilized, the ore must be thoroughly deslimed, usually at 100 mesh. These methods are ineflicient and result in considerable losses of mica.
- concentration of mica ores by flotation has presented many problems, not the least of which, is the production of slimes during conditioning and flotation.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a process for flotation of mica in the presence of slimes, with a minimum loss of mica.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a process by which mica may be concentrated from associated gangue materials regardless of their varying proportions or surface alterations.
- Coco amine acetate has been found to be particularly eflective as the cationic reagent; however, other cationic reagents, such as those disclosed in the aforementioned patents to Lenher and Fenske, may be employed. Suitable cationic reagents are saturated or unsaturated amine acetates whose alkyl groups contain 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
- Oleic acid has been found to be highly effective as the anionic reagent; however, other anionic reagents such as those referred to in the above-mentioned patent to Tartaron et al. may be used.
- Suitable anionic reagents are saturated or unsaturated fatty acids containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms or salts thereof. Examples are linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearic acid, palmitic, rosin acids (distilled tall oil) or mixtures of these acids.
- the preferred alkaline inorganic reagent is soda ash; however, other reagents such as sodium hydroxide or sodium silicate may be substituted in whole or in part for the soda ash.
- the function of this alkaline material is to retard flotation of the gangue materials and control the pH of the pulp. The exact mechanism of this retarding action has not been definitely determined but its effectiveness may be due to removal and dispersion of slime coatings on the mineral surfaces.
- the pH of the flotation medium should be alkaline with a range of about 8.0 to about 11.0 being most eflective.
- the quantities of the various reagents are not critical and may vary considerably with the type and amount of ore treated, state of sub-division of the ore, amount of water etc. Optimum quantities are best determined empirically. An excess of collecting agents tends to float additional gangue with the mica in the roughing operation, but the gangue may be retarded in subsequent cleaners.
- the general procedure used in the process of the invention is a conventional froth flotation procedure in which the ore is first ground to relatively fine particles, water is added to form a pulp and the pulp is passed to a flotation cell where reagents are added and air is introduced.
- Example 1 A sample of mica ore was obtained from an Alabama pegmatite deposit. Analysis indicated that ore contained approximately 17.2 percent mica. In addition to mica, the ore contained quartz, feldspar, limonite, and clay-like minerals.
- the ore was first ground to a suitable size for conventional flotation methods. With the ore cited, grinding to 28-mesh yielded satisfactory liberation of the mica.
- a 250-gram sample of the ore was wet ground to pass 28 mesh using a laboratory Abbe mill containing various size flint pebbles. The ground charge was then deslimed by decanting to remove part of the clay from the pulp. The pulp was then transferred to a small mechanical cell of standard design, and suflicient tap water added to give a pulp containing about 40 percent solids. The pulp was conditioned for 5 minutes with 2.0 pounds of soda ash per ton of ore, followed by 5-minute conditioning with 0.80 pound of oleic acid per ton of ore, and an additional l-minute conditioning with 0.20 pound of coco amine acetate per ton of ore. The pulp was diluted to 20 percent solids with tap water.
- a rougher froth was col lected for 7 minutes, whereupon flotation was complete.
- the rougher froth was triple-cleaned to further retard the gangue collected with the mica in the rougher operation.
- the cleaner tailing was treated with 0.25 pound of soda ash per ton of ore, 0.32 pound of oleic acid per ton of ore, and 0.04 pound of coco amine acetate per ton of ore.
- a scavenger concentrate was removed and cleaned twice to retard any gangue material that floated in the rougher operation.
- the combined primary and scavenger concentrates had an average analysis of 98.3 percent mica with a recovery of 81.3 percent of the total mica content. The results of the test were as follows:
- Example 2 was carried out using a procedure identical to that used in Example 1, except that 1.12 pounds per ton of ore of a mixture of oleic and linoleic acids was used to replace oleic acid.
- the use of the oleic and linoleic acid mixture in combination with the cationic collector enables production of approximately the same grade and recovery of mica as does the oleic acid-cationic mixture.
- Example 3 In Example 3 the procedure was identical to that in Example 1, except that 0.2 pound of sodium silicate per ton of ore was used in conjunction with 1.0 pound of soda ash to disperse the slimes.
- the use of sodium silicate enables a yield of mica concentrate of approximately the same grade and recovery as does the use of soda ash alone.
- the combined concentrates analyzed 96.9 percent mica, and accounted for 78.6 percent of the total mica content of the ore.
- Example 4 In Example 4 the procedure was identical to that in Example 1, except that 2.0 pounds of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) per ton of ore was utilized in place of soda ash.
- caustic soda sodium hydroxide
- the use of sodium hydroxide enables a yield of mica concentrate of approximately the same purity and recovery as does the use of soda ash.
- the combined concentrates accounted for 79.6 percent of the total mica content of the ore and analyzed 97.6 percent mica.
- Example 5 TABLE 5 Weight, percent Distribution, percent mica Analysis, percent mica Product Mica concentrate Mica scavenger concentrate Composite concentrate. Middling Tailing slimes.. Composite Example 6 A sample of mica mill feed was obtained from Western Mica of Caroline, Inc., Kings Mountain, North Carolina. Analysis indicated that the ore contained about 27.5 percent mica. In addition to mica, the ore contained quartz, feldspar, limonite, and kaolinite.
- a SOD-gram sample of the ore was ground to pass 28 mesh in a laboratory Abbe mill. The ground charge was then partly deslimed by decanting to remove part of the clay. The pulp was transferred to a small mechanical flotation cell, and diluted to about 40 percent solids using tap water.
- the pulp was conditioned for 5 minutes with 2.0 pounds of soda ash per ton of ore, then 5 minutes with 1.60 pounds per ton of ore of a mixture of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and rosin acids (distilled tall oil), and finally 1 minute with 0.25 pound of coco amine acetate per tone of ore.
- Sufficient tap water was added to dilute the pulp to about 20 percent solids.
- the pH of the diluted pulp was 9.8. Air was allowed to enter the cell, resulting in a heavily mineralized mica froth. A rougher froth was collected for 7 minutes at which time flotation was com pleted. The rougher froth was cleaned three times to further retard the gangue minerals collected with the froth in the rougher operation.
- the cleaner tail was then conditioned with 0.4 pound of soda ash per ton of ore, 0.32 pound of distilled tall oil per ton of ore, and 0.04 pound of coco amine acetate per ton of ore.
- a scavenger concentrate was then removed.
- the scavenger concentrate was cleaned twice to further retard any gangue minerals collected with the froth in the rougher operation.
- the primary concentrate and the scavenger concentrate were combined to. produce a concentrate analyzing 97.4 percent mica and accounting for 84.5 percent of the total mica content of the ore.
- Example 7 was carried out using a procedure identical to that used in Example 6, except that 1.28 pounds per ton of ore of a mixture of oleic acid and linoleic acid was used to replace the mixture of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and rosin acids.
- the use of the mixture of oleic acid and linoleic acid gives about the same grade and recovery of mica as does a mixture of distilled tall oil and cationic collector.
- Example 8 was carried out using a procedure identical to that used in Example 6, except that 0.96 pound of oleic acid per ton of ore was substituted for the mixture of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and rosin acids. The use of oleic acid gives about the same grade and recovery of mica as does a mixture of distilled tall oil and cationic collector.
- Example 9 A sample of tailings from spodumene laboratory flotation tests was obtained. The sample had previously been ground to pass 48 mesh and had been treated with lignin sulfonate, sodium fluoride, and oleic acid. No attempt was made to remove any reagents which still might be adhering to the mineral particles.
- a 250-gram sample of the tailings was transferred to a small mechanical cell and suflicient tap water added to give a pulp containing about 40 percent solids.
- the pulp was conditioned for 5 minutes with 2.0 pounds of soda ash per ton of ore, and 0.48 pound of a mixture of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and rosin acids at a pH of 9.2; 0.10 pound of coco amine acetate per ton of ore was then added and the pulp conditioned for an additional 1 minute.
- Sufficient tap water was then added to give a pulp containing 20 percent solids. Air was allowed to enter the cell, resulting in formation of a heavily mineralized mica froth. The froth was collected for 3 minutes at the end of which flotation was complete. The rougher concentrate was cleaned 3 times to further retard the gangue collected in the froth during the rougher operation. The resulting concentrate analyzed 94.7 percent mica and accounted for 86.7 percent of the total mica content.
- a process for beneficiating mica ore comprising adding to an aqueous pulp of the ore in a flotation cell (1) an amount of alkaline inorganic reagent suflicient to raise the pH of the aqueous pulp to from 8 to 11, (2) a anionic reagent selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, rosin acids and mixtures thereof, and (3) an amine acetate having an alkyl group containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, froth floating the ore, and collecting the mica containing froth.
- the inorganic reagent is selected from the group consisting of soda ash, sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 3,278,028 FLOTATHON 0F MltIA Frank W. Millsaps, Cottondale, and James S. Browning, Tuscaloosa, Ala., assignors to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Interior No Drawing. Filed Oct. 31, 1963, Ser. No. 320,576 5 Claims. (Cl. 209-166) The invention herein described and claimed may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of royalties thereon or therefor.
This invention relates to beneficiation of mica ores by flotation.
Mica is widely used for insulation in electrical and electronic applications, in manufacture of paint, rubber goods, wall board, roofing material, in drilling muds, etc.
Mica ores normally occur in pegmatites associated with such minerals as quartz, feldspars, tourmaline, apatite, spodumene, beryl, kaolinite and limonite. Domestic production of scrap and flake mica used in producing ground mica is presently dependent almost entirely on crushing and screening and on gravity methods for recovering the mica. In the few cases where flotation is utilized, the ore must be thoroughly deslimed, usually at 100 mesh. These methods are ineflicient and result in considerable losses of mica. Furthermore, the concentration of mica ores by flotation has presented many problems, not the least of which, is the production of slimes during conditioning and flotation.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a simple and eflicient flotation process for producing a high purity mica concentrate.
A further object of the invention is to provide a process for flotation of mica in the presence of slimes, with a minimum loss of mica.
A further object of the invention is to provide a process by which mica may be concentrated from associated gangue materials regardless of their varying proportions or surface alterations.
It has now been found that the above objects may be achieved by means of a process employing a combination of a cationic and an anionic reagent as a flotation agent and an alkaline inorganic material to retard flotation of the gangue materials.
Both cationic and anionic reagents have been used in flotation processes, including mica flotaion. US. Patents 2,132,902 to Lenher and 2,885,078 to Fenske disclose the use of cationic reagents while Patent No. 2,303,962 to Tartaron et a1. discloses anionic reagents. Alkaline inorganic materials have also been used in various flotation processes. However, as is well known, the art of flotation is a highly empirical one in which a wide variety of factors may have a substantial or even critical effect on the degree of separation attained. Such factors include the nature of the collector, the depressant, deflocculating agents, activators, pH, etc. Determination of the optimum combination of ingredients for separation or a particular material is largely unpredictable and can be determined only by extensive tests and experiments. As stated above, the combination of cationic and anionic reagent and the alkaline inorganic material, according to the present invention, has been found surprisingly effective in flotation of mica, particularly in the presence of slimes.
Coco amine acetate has been found to be particularly eflective as the cationic reagent; however, other cationic reagents, such as those disclosed in the aforementioned patents to Lenher and Fenske, may be employed. Suitable cationic reagents are saturated or unsaturated amine acetates whose alkyl groups contain 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
3,278,028 Patented Oct. 11, 1966 Other examples are octyl amine acetate, tallow amine acetate and soya amine acetate.
Oleic acid has been found to be highly effective as the anionic reagent; however, other anionic reagents such as those referred to in the above-mentioned patent to Tartaron et al. may be used. Suitable anionic reagents are saturated or unsaturated fatty acids containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms or salts thereof. Examples are linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearic acid, palmitic, rosin acids (distilled tall oil) or mixtures of these acids.
The preferred alkaline inorganic reagent is soda ash; however, other reagents such as sodium hydroxide or sodium silicate may be substituted in whole or in part for the soda ash. The function of this alkaline material is to retard flotation of the gangue materials and control the pH of the pulp. The exact mechanism of this retarding action has not been definitely determined but its effectiveness may be due to removal and dispersion of slime coatings on the mineral surfaces.
The pH of the flotation medium should be alkaline with a range of about 8.0 to about 11.0 being most eflective.
The quantities of the various reagents are not critical and may vary considerably with the type and amount of ore treated, state of sub-division of the ore, amount of water etc. Optimum quantities are best determined empirically. An excess of collecting agents tends to float additional gangue with the mica in the roughing operation, but the gangue may be retarded in subsequent cleaners.
The general procedure used in the process of the invention is a conventional froth flotation procedure in which the ore is first ground to relatively fine particles, water is added to form a pulp and the pulp is passed to a flotation cell where reagents are added and air is introduced.
The invention will be further illustrated, but is not intended to be limited, by the following examples. The high percentage of mica recovered by the process of the invention is apparent from the data given in the tables accompanying the examples.
Example 1 A sample of mica ore was obtained from an Alabama pegmatite deposit. Analysis indicated that ore contained approximately 17.2 percent mica. In addition to mica, the ore contained quartz, feldspar, limonite, and clay-like minerals.
In carrying out the flotation process according to this invention, the ore was first ground to a suitable size for conventional flotation methods. With the ore cited, grinding to 28-mesh yielded satisfactory liberation of the mica.
A 250-gram sample of the ore was wet ground to pass 28 mesh using a laboratory Abbe mill containing various size flint pebbles. The ground charge was then deslimed by decanting to remove part of the clay from the pulp. The pulp was then transferred to a small mechanical cell of standard design, and suflicient tap water added to give a pulp containing about 40 percent solids. The pulp was conditioned for 5 minutes with 2.0 pounds of soda ash per ton of ore, followed by 5-minute conditioning with 0.80 pound of oleic acid per ton of ore, and an additional l-minute conditioning with 0.20 pound of coco amine acetate per ton of ore. The pulp was diluted to 20 percent solids with tap water. Air was allowed to enter the cell, resulting in the formation of a heavily mineralized froth. A rougher froth was col lected for 7 minutes, whereupon flotation was complete. The rougher froth was triple-cleaned to further retard the gangue collected with the mica in the rougher operation.
The cleaner tailing was treated with 0.25 pound of soda ash per ton of ore, 0.32 pound of oleic acid per ton of ore, and 0.04 pound of coco amine acetate per ton of ore. A scavenger concentrate was removed and cleaned twice to retard any gangue material that floated in the rougher operation. The combined primary and scavenger concentrates had an average analysis of 98.3 percent mica with a recovery of 81.3 percent of the total mica content. The results of the test were as follows:
Example 2 was carried out using a procedure identical to that used in Example 1, except that 1.12 pounds per ton of ore of a mixture of oleic and linoleic acids was used to replace oleic acid. The use of the oleic and linoleic acid mixture in combination with the cationic collector enables production of approximately the same grade and recovery of mica as does the oleic acid-cationic mixture.
The results of the test were as follows:
TABLE 2 Weight, Analysis, Distribu- Product percent percent tion, permica cent mica Mica concentrate; 9. 1 97.3 51. 7 Mica scavenger concentrate. 5. 1 99. 3 29. 6 Composite concentrate. 14. 2 98. O 81. 3 Middling 5. 6.8 2. 0 Tailing 73.5 3. 7 15. 9 slimes---. 7. 3 2. 1 .8 Composite. 100.0 17. 1 100.0
Example 3 In Example 3 the procedure was identical to that in Example 1, except that 0.2 pound of sodium silicate per ton of ore was used in conjunction with 1.0 pound of soda ash to disperse the slimes. The use of sodium silicate enables a yield of mica concentrate of approximately the same grade and recovery as does the use of soda ash alone. The combined concentrates analyzed 96.9 percent mica, and accounted for 78.6 percent of the total mica content of the ore.
The results of the test were as follows:
TABLE 3 Weight, Analysis, Distribu- Product percent percent tion, permica cent mica Mica concentrate 7. 5 96. 8 47. 9 Mica scavenger concentrate. i. 8 97. 1 30. 7 Composite concentrate 12.3 96. 8 7S. 6 Middling 5.2 7.4 2.5 Tailing-.- 75. 2 3. e 17. 9 Slirnes 7. 3 2. 1 1. 0 Composite 100. 0 15. 2 100.0
Example 4 In Example 4 the procedure was identical to that in Example 1, except that 2.0 pounds of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) per ton of ore was utilized in place of soda ash. The use of sodium hydroxide enables a yield of mica concentrate of approximately the same purity and recovery as does the use of soda ash. The combined concentrates accounted for 79.6 percent of the total mica content of the ore and analyzed 97.6 percent mica.
The results of the test were as follows:
TABLE 4 Weight, Analysis, Distribu- Iroduct percent percent tion, permica cent mica Mica concentrate 7. 4 97. 7 48. 7 Mica scavenger concentrate 4. 7 97. 5 30. 9 Composite concentrate. 12. 1 97. 6 79. 6 Middling 5.8 8. 2 3.2 Tai 'ng--- 74. 8 3. 2 16.1 Slimcs 7.3 2.1 1.1 Composite 100.0 14. 8 100.0
Example 5 TABLE 5 Weight, percent Distribution, percent mica Analysis, percent mica Product Mica concentrate Mica scavenger concentrate Composite concentrate. Middling Tailing slimes.. Composite Example 6 A sample of mica mill feed was obtained from Western Mica of Caroline, Inc., Kings Mountain, North Carolina. Analysis indicated that the ore contained about 27.5 percent mica. In addition to mica, the ore contained quartz, feldspar, limonite, and kaolinite.
A SOD-gram sample of the ore was ground to pass 28 mesh in a laboratory Abbe mill. The ground charge was then partly deslimed by decanting to remove part of the clay. The pulp was transferred to a small mechanical flotation cell, and diluted to about 40 percent solids using tap water.
The pulp was conditioned for 5 minutes with 2.0 pounds of soda ash per ton of ore, then 5 minutes with 1.60 pounds per ton of ore of a mixture of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and rosin acids (distilled tall oil), and finally 1 minute with 0.25 pound of coco amine acetate per tone of ore. Sufficient tap water was added to dilute the pulp to about 20 percent solids. The pH of the diluted pulp was 9.8. Air was allowed to enter the cell, resulting in a heavily mineralized mica froth. A rougher froth was collected for 7 minutes at which time flotation was com pleted. The rougher froth was cleaned three times to further retard the gangue minerals collected with the froth in the rougher operation.
The cleaner tail was then conditioned with 0.4 pound of soda ash per ton of ore, 0.32 pound of distilled tall oil per ton of ore, and 0.04 pound of coco amine acetate per ton of ore. A scavenger concentrate was then removed. The scavenger concentrate was cleaned twice to further retard any gangue minerals collected with the froth in the rougher operation. The primary concentrate and the scavenger concentrate were combined to. produce a concentrate analyzing 97.4 percent mica and accounting for 84.5 percent of the total mica content of the ore.
Example 7 was carried out using a procedure identical to that used in Example 6, except that 1.28 pounds per ton of ore of a mixture of oleic acid and linoleic acid was used to replace the mixture of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and rosin acids. The use of the mixture of oleic acid and linoleic acid gives about the same grade and recovery of mica as does a mixture of distilled tall oil and cationic collector.
The test results were as follows:
TABLE 7 Weight, Analysis, Distribu- Product percent percent tion, permica cent mica Mica concentrate 15. 2 99. 2 54. 8 Mica scavenger concentrate 7.8 97. 27. Composite concentrate 23. 0 98. 5 82.3 Middling 11. 2 31.8 13. 0 Tailin 54. 0 1. 7 3. 3 Slimes... 11.3 3. 3 1. 4 Composite 100. 0 27. 5 100. 0
Example 8 Example 8 was carried out using a procedure identical to that used in Example 6, except that 0.96 pound of oleic acid per ton of ore was substituted for the mixture of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and rosin acids. The use of oleic acid gives about the same grade and recovery of mica as does a mixture of distilled tall oil and cationic collector.
The results of the test were as follows:
TABLE 8 Weight, Analysis, Distribu- Product percent percent tion, permica cent mica Mica concentrate 12.0 97. 9 55. 4 Mica scavenger concentrat 5. 9 96. 7 26. 9 Composite concentrate. 17. 9 97. 5 82. 3 Middling 3. 4 27. 8 4. 5 Tailing. 67. 4 3. 6 11. 4 Slimes 11. 3 3. 3 1. 8 Composite 100. 0 21. 2 100. 0
Example 9 A sample of tailings from spodumene laboratory flotation tests was obtained. The sample had previously been ground to pass 48 mesh and had been treated with lignin sulfonate, sodium fluoride, and oleic acid. No attempt was made to remove any reagents which still might be adhering to the mineral particles.
A 250-gram sample of the tailings was transferred to a small mechanical cell and suflicient tap water added to give a pulp containing about 40 percent solids. The pulp was conditioned for 5 minutes with 2.0 pounds of soda ash per ton of ore, and 0.48 pound of a mixture of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and rosin acids at a pH of 9.2; 0.10 pound of coco amine acetate per ton of ore was then added and the pulp conditioned for an additional 1 minute. Sufficient tap water was then added to give a pulp containing 20 percent solids. Air was allowed to enter the cell, resulting in formation of a heavily mineralized mica froth. The froth was collected for 3 minutes at the end of which flotation was complete. The rougher concentrate was cleaned 3 times to further retard the gangue collected in the froth during the rougher operation. The resulting concentrate analyzed 94.7 percent mica and accounted for 86.7 percent of the total mica content.
The results of the test were as follows:
What is claimed is:
1. A process for beneficiating mica ore comprising adding to an aqueous pulp of the ore in a flotation cell (1) an amount of alkaline inorganic reagent suflicient to raise the pH of the aqueous pulp to from 8 to 11, (2) a anionic reagent selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, rosin acids and mixtures thereof, and (3) an amine acetate having an alkyl group containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, froth floating the ore, and collecting the mica containing froth.
2. The process of claim 1 in which the amine acetate is coco amine acetate.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the anionic reagent is oleic acid.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the inorganic reagent is selected from the group consisting of soda ash, sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the pulp is prepared from ore which is ground to about 28 mesh or finer.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,132,902 6/ 1934 Lenher 209166 2,303,962 5/ 1941 Tartaron 209--166 2,337,118 12/1943 Lontz 209-166 2,578,790 12/1951 Duke 209--166 2,857,051 10/ 1958 Noblitt 209167 3,214,018 10/1965 Neal 209--166 FOREIGN PATENTS 738,614 7/ 1943 Germany.
HARRY B. THORNTON, Primary Examiner. R. HALPER, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR BENEFICIATING MICA ORE COMPRISING ADDING TO AN AQUEOUS PULP OF THE ORE IN A FLOTATION CELL (1) AN AMOUNT OF ALKALINE INORGANIC REAGENT SUFFICIENT TO RAISE THE PH OF THE AQUEOUS PULP OF FROM 8 TO 11, (12) AN ANIONIC REAGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF OLEIC ACID, LINOLEIC ACID, LINOLENIC ACID, STEARIC ACID PALMITIC ACID, ROSIN ACIDS AND MIXTURE THEREOF; AND (3) AN AMINE ACETATE HAVING AN ALKYL GROUP CONTAINING FROM 8 TO 22 CARBON ATOMS, FROTH FLOATING THE ORE, AND COLLECTING THE MICA CONTAINING FROTH.
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US320576A US3278028A (en) | 1963-10-31 | 1963-10-31 | Flotation of mica |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3329265A (en) * | 1964-08-18 | 1967-07-04 | James S Browning | Flotation of mica |
US3837488A (en) * | 1972-08-01 | 1974-09-24 | Engelhard Min & Chem | Separation of mica from clay by froth flotation of clay |
US3859207A (en) * | 1973-02-28 | 1975-01-07 | Foote Mineral Co | Flotation of aluminosilicate, phosphate and fluoride ores |
US3859208A (en) * | 1973-02-28 | 1975-01-07 | Foote Mineral Co | Flotation of lithium aluminosilicate ores |
US4337149A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-06-29 | Sherex Chemical Company, Inc. | Promoters for use in the anionic circuit of froth flotation of mineral ores |
US5439116A (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1995-08-08 | Mircal | Process for the recovery of micas by flotation and micas thus obtained |
RU2549868C2 (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-04-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Иркутский научно-исследовательский институт благородных и редких металлов и алмазов" ОАО "Иргиредмет" | Method of flotation of potassium containing micas from tailings of gravity preparation of rare metal ores |
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US2132902A (en) * | 1934-06-14 | 1938-10-11 | Du Pont | Flotation process |
US2303962A (en) * | 1941-05-21 | 1942-12-01 | Phosphate Recovery Corp | Concentration of mica |
DE738614C (en) * | 1942-01-03 | 1943-08-23 | Krupp Fried Grusonwerk Ag | Process for separating mica and mica-like substances from quartz and other gangue rock by flotation |
US2337118A (en) * | 1940-10-07 | 1943-12-21 | Du Pont | Beneficiation of ores |
US2578790A (en) * | 1951-05-07 | 1951-12-18 | Minerals Separation North Us | Froth flotation of ferruginous impurities from finely divided granite rock |
US2857051A (en) * | 1956-04-26 | 1958-10-21 | Harvey L Noblitt | Method of recovering white mica |
US3214018A (en) * | 1962-10-08 | 1965-10-26 | Feldspar Corp | Froth flotation of micaceous minerals |
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US2132902A (en) * | 1934-06-14 | 1938-10-11 | Du Pont | Flotation process |
US2337118A (en) * | 1940-10-07 | 1943-12-21 | Du Pont | Beneficiation of ores |
US2303962A (en) * | 1941-05-21 | 1942-12-01 | Phosphate Recovery Corp | Concentration of mica |
DE738614C (en) * | 1942-01-03 | 1943-08-23 | Krupp Fried Grusonwerk Ag | Process for separating mica and mica-like substances from quartz and other gangue rock by flotation |
US2578790A (en) * | 1951-05-07 | 1951-12-18 | Minerals Separation North Us | Froth flotation of ferruginous impurities from finely divided granite rock |
US2857051A (en) * | 1956-04-26 | 1958-10-21 | Harvey L Noblitt | Method of recovering white mica |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3329265A (en) * | 1964-08-18 | 1967-07-04 | James S Browning | Flotation of mica |
US3837488A (en) * | 1972-08-01 | 1974-09-24 | Engelhard Min & Chem | Separation of mica from clay by froth flotation of clay |
US3859207A (en) * | 1973-02-28 | 1975-01-07 | Foote Mineral Co | Flotation of aluminosilicate, phosphate and fluoride ores |
US3859208A (en) * | 1973-02-28 | 1975-01-07 | Foote Mineral Co | Flotation of lithium aluminosilicate ores |
US4337149A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-06-29 | Sherex Chemical Company, Inc. | Promoters for use in the anionic circuit of froth flotation of mineral ores |
US5439116A (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1995-08-08 | Mircal | Process for the recovery of micas by flotation and micas thus obtained |
RU2549868C2 (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-04-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Иркутский научно-исследовательский институт благородных и редких металлов и алмазов" ОАО "Иргиредмет" | Method of flotation of potassium containing micas from tailings of gravity preparation of rare metal ores |
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