US2337118A - Beneficiation of ores - Google Patents
Beneficiation of ores Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2337118A US2337118A US360160A US36016040A US2337118A US 2337118 A US2337118 A US 2337118A US 360160 A US360160 A US 360160A US 36016040 A US36016040 A US 36016040A US 2337118 A US2337118 A US 2337118A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flotation
- minerals
- ton
- cationic surface
- surface active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 25
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 23
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 13
- IZBZQUREHISXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-chloro-5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(Cl)C(C(F)(F)F)=NN1CC(O)=O IZBZQUREHISXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229960003563 calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- -1 chloroacetate Hexadecylamine hydrochloride Octadecylamine hydrochloride Dodecyl dimethyl sulfonium methyl sulfate Dodecyl dimethyl sulfonium bromide Octadecyl methyl ethyl sulphonium iodide Chemical compound 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000008396 flotation agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009291 froth flotation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FUOOLUPWFVMBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoisobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)(N)C(O)=O FUOOLUPWFVMBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960004275 glycolic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012042 active reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(O)=O JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001748 carbonate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052592 oxide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QSAIGZPNIASJMN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1-dodecylpyridin-1-ium;bromide;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 QSAIGZPNIASJMN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JAULWOMYPJLKJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1-hexadecylpyridin-1-ium;bromide;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 JAULWOMYPJLKJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNIZTLSGVTUSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecoxyethanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCN BNIZTLSGVTUSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-aminohexanoic acid Chemical compound NCCCCCC(O)=O SLXKOJJOQWFEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVNWZKBFMFUVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adipamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCCCC(N)=O GVNWZKBFMFUVNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000592335 Agathis australis Species 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 240000001889 Brahea edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDVVHRVEMAWGIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cl.[Cl-].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)[NH3+] Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)[NH3+] RDVVHRVEMAWGIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trioctadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical class C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008548 Shorea javanica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000736873 Tetraclinis articulata Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001279 adipic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003940 butylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001465 calcium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940089960 chloroacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RAQDACVRFCEPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous carbonate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C([O-])=O RAQDACVRFCEPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N formamide Substances NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001608 iron mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940040102 levulinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003139 primary aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical class [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940080818 propionamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSWFTVWHBGULMM-UHFFFAOYSA-L trimethyl(octadecyl)azanium bromide chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C SSWFTVWHBGULMM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/01—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/02—Collectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
- B03D2203/04—Non-sulfide ores
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved process for the concentration of ores, more particularly it relates to a method for improving the efliciency of froth flotation processes employing cationic surface active compounds as flotation agents. Still more particularly it relates to the use of assisting agents in froth flotation processes employing cationic surface active compounds as flotation agents; and still more particularly it relates to the use of assisting agents comprising Water soluble open chain aliphatic carboxylic acids containing not more than nine carbon atoms, and their water-soluble salts and amides in froth flotation processes for the concentration of negatively-charged minerals employing cationic surface active compounds as flotation agents.
- This invention has as an object the development of an improved method for separating or concentrating neg'atively'charged minerals es-
- a further object is to increase the selectivity of cationic surface active compounds as flotation agents in such processes by using in combination with such agents water-soluble open chain aliphatic carboxyiic acids containing not more than nine carbon atoms and water-soluble salts and amides of such acids.
- a still further object is the production of an improved process of concentrating metal carbonate and oxide minerals, using cationic surface active agents as flotation agents and an agent selected from the class of water-soluble open chain aliphatic, carboxylic acids containing not more than nine carbon atoms and water-soluble salts and amides of such acids as an assistant.
- Other objects will appear hereinafter.
- the anove and other objects appearing hereinafter are'accomplished by the following invention which comprises adding to a plup containing metal carbonate and/or oxide minerals and negatively charged gangue material a cationic surface active compound as a flotation agent and an agent selected from the class of watersoluble open chain aliphatic carboxylic acids containing not more than nine carbonatoms and water-soluble salts and amides of such acids as an assisting agent, and subjecting the same to a flotation operation.
- the valuable fraction of the ore may be found in the froth layer or it may remain in the cell. In this way a sharper separation of valuable mineral from gangue is efl'ected, resulting in a purer product and greater recovery.
- EXAMPLE I A sample of siliceous limestone used in the production of Portland cement was employed in flotation experiments using assistants with cationic surface active compounds as flotation re grinding 1 kg. of the minus 40-mesh ore for 70' minutes in a one-gallon porcelain jar mill with one liter of water and 3 kg. of flint pebbles. The ore particles were then about 84-86% minus 200- mesh.
- frother b Fifty-five thousandths of a gram of the frother hereafter referred to as frother b, was added to induce frothing.
- the frothing agent consisted of the branched-chain, oxygenated organic compounds prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbonv oxides under elevated temperatures and pressures as described in U. S. Patents 1,844,129,1,844,857, and 1,939,708. The boiling range of the particular fraction of these ongenated organic compounds used was 147-157 C.
- magenta-Crude dodecylamine hydrochloride 0.05 g. or 0.10 lb./ton.
- Frother b 0.055 g. or 0.11 lb./ton.
- underflow.and "overflow” are therefore used to designate my improvement has been made by the addition of hydroxyacetic acid as indicated by the substantial increase in the grade of limestone, represented by the underflow, from 85.82% to 91.15% of calcium carbonate in addition to an increase in recovery from 81.2% to.85.8%.
- Magenta-Crude dodecylamine hydrochloride 0.05 g. or 0.10 lb./ton.
- Frother b 0.055 g. or0.l1 lb./ton.
- Levuiinic acid 0.10 g. or 0.20 lb./ton.
- levulinic acid increased the grade of underflow from 85.82% obtained by the control run, to 90.34% calcium carbonate with an increase in recovery from 81.2% to 84.5%.
- EXAMPLE IV A number of assisting reagents in addition to those described in Examples 112 and III were tested under the same conditions outlined in the control run (Example I) using 0.05 lb./ton crude dodecylamine hydrochloride and 0.14 1b./ton
- crude dodecylamine hydrochloride as used herein is meant the mixture of hydrochlorides of Y the higher primary aliphatic amines in which the allwl groups correspond in carbon content and composition to the fatty acids occurring naturally in coconut oil.
- Example II The process of Example I was repeated using, in addition to the same quantities of crude dodecylamine hydrochloride and frother b, 0.35 gram of hydroxyacetic acid.
- the flotation fractions were filtered, dried, weighed and analyzed as before.
- the results of this experiment using hydroxyacetic acid as an assistant are summarized in the following table:
- Example II The process of Example I was repeated with the addition of 0.10 g. or 0.20 lb./ton of citric acid as an assistant.
- the flotation fractions were filtered, dried, weighed and analyzed as before. The results are summarized in the following table:
- Reagmts Crude dodecylamine hydrochloride, 0.05 g. or 0.l0.lb./ ton. Frother b, 0.055 g. or 0.11 lb./ton Citric acid 0.10 g. or 0.20 lb./tou
- water soluble carboxylic acids containing not more than nine carbon atoms listed in the above examples, others may be substituted with equally good results.
- Additional suitable agents include formic, amino-caproic, gluconic, aminobutyric, chloracetic, lactic, pyruvic, malonic, tartronic, malic, aconitic, and adipic acids.
- their watersoluble salts e. g. the alkali metal, amine and ammonium salts, as well as their water-soluble amides may be used.
- Methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl amines are useful as salt forming components.
- amides operable in the practice of the invention include formalnide, N-p-hydroxyethyl formamide, N-bis(phydroxyethyl) -propionamide, and N,N -bismethylol adipamide. If desired, mixtures of one or more of the above assistants may be used.
- the agents of our invention may be designated by the following general formula:
- R is a non-aromatic (i. e. non-benzenoid) hydrocarbon radical of 8 to 22 carbon atoms
- M represents pentavalent nitrogen, pentavalent sulfur or tetravalent sulfur
- R represents hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbon radicals having not more than 5 carbon atoms which may be constituents of an alicyclic or of a heterocyclic ring
- :c is an integer less by two than the valence of element M
- Y is a negatively charged salt forming radical, i. e.. atom or group, for example, chlorine, bromine, nitrate, acetate, chloroacetate, etc.
- the long chain aliphatic radical R need not be entirely composed of carbon atoms in the chain but may contain ether linkages, ester groups, sulfur atoms, carbonyl groups, etc. provided these groups do not introduce new centers of polarity.
- reagents such as the hydrochloride of the dodecyl ester of alpha-amino-isobutyric acid, the hydrochloride of beta-aminoethyl dodecyl ether, and the hydrochloride of the dodecyl ester of alpha-amino-isobutyric acid are good flotation reagents for use in the process of this invention; such substances, however, as the hydrochloride 0f along chain amine having a carboxyl group on the end removed from the amino group would not produce the desired effect, since another polar. solubilizing group has been introduced.
- Two other types of cationic surface-active reagents which bear some mention are found useful in the practice of this invention.
- One of these types comprises salts of amino naphthenes derived from naphthenic acids of 12 to 20 carbon atoms and natural acidic resins, e. g. rosin, Congo, kauri, Manila, sandarac, damar, pontianac, Zanzibar, etc.
- the aminonaphthenes can be made by catalytically dehydrating the acids in .the presence of ammonia and subsequent reduction of the nitriles to the corresponding amines and the salts can be made by treating the amines with an acid, e. g. hydrochloric. The reactions involved are discussed below in connection with higher fatty acids.
- betaines having long aliphatic chains are the betaines having long aliphatic chains.
- betaine type compounds apparently have the following formula, although there is some evidence in favor of their being noncyclic compounds:
- R- CH2III 1:6 Ordinarily a neutral pulp is used, but in some cases it may be desirable to use an alkaline or acid pulp.
- the mixtures of amines derived from coconut oil fatty acids by the following series of reactions gives excellent flotation results after conversion to a watersoluble salt such as the hydrochloride oracetate.
- the amount of cationic surface active compounds required to produce the above effects varies somewhat with the reagent chosen and the particular ore being treated. In general, the amount needed will be between 0.05 and 2.0 pounds per ton of ore, but in some cases somewhat smaller or larger quantities may be re-' quired.
- the amount of water-soluble open chain aliphatic carboxylic acid or water-soluble salt or amide used may also vary widely, in general from 0.01 pound to 5.0 pounds per ton of ore is satisfactory. In most instances,-however, from 0.2 to 1.0 lb./ton is sufficient.
- any of the well known types of flotation cells may be employed.
- the ratio of pulp solids to water may vary from about 1:1 to
- the product can be used in-the manufacture of Portland cement. It is also possible to prepare calcium carbonate concentrates approaching theoretical purity from low-grade limestone
- the process of this invention managanese carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and other metallic carbonates from ores contaming these minerals with other siliceous materials as impurities.' Conversely it may be used to prepare talc, mica, or quartz products of high purity and value when the principal impurities are alkaline earth or heavy metal carbonates or oxides.
- assistants in the beneficiation of calcium carbonate the same principles apply to the concentration of oxidized iron minerals in which the cationic surface active collectors are benefited through the use of the protective colloid assistants of the carbohydrate type.
- the present process affords two outstanding advantages as compared with previously known methods for the removal of siliceous minerals by means of cationic surface active agents as collectors.
- quartz and siliceous minerals including iron ores as disclosed in the preceding paragraph can be A separated from other minerals at a substantial reduction in the amount of collector through the use of assistants.
- a froth flotation process for concentrating negatively charged minerals which involves incorporating in an aqueous pulp of ores containing such minerals a cationic surface active agent having a long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 8-22 carbon'atoms and a negatively charged salt forming radical, the step which comprises adding to the pulp a separate assistant taken from the group consisting of water soluble open chain aliphatic'carboxylic acids containing not more than 9 carbon atoms and their water soluble salts and amides.
- a froth flotation process for concentrating ores containing negatively charged minerals and minerals taken from the group consisting of metal carbonates and oxides which involves incorporating in an aqueous pulp of such ores a cationic surface active agent having a long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 8-22 carbon atoms and a negatively charged salt forming radical
- the step which comprises adding to the pulp a separate assistant taken from the group consisting of water soluble open chain aliphatic carboxylic acids containing not more than 9 carof metal carbonates and oxides which involves incorporating in an aqueous pulp of such ores a cationic surface active agent comprising a wa-' 5.
- a froth flotation process for concentratingores containing negatively charged minerals and minerals taken from the group consisting of metal carbonates and oxides which involves incorporating in an aqueous pulp of such ores a cationic surface active agent comprising a water soluble dodecyl amine salt, the step which combie open chain aliphatic carboxylic acids containing not more than 9 carbon atoms and their water soluble salts and amides.
- a froth flotation process for concentrating ores containing negatively charged minerals and minerals taken from the group consisting of metal carbonates and oxides which involves incorporating in an aqueous pulp of such ores a cationic surface active agent comprising a water soluble dodecyl amine salt, the step which comprises adding to the pulp the water soluble salts of open chain aliphatic carboxylic acids containing not more than 9 carbon atoms in an
Description
,pecially quartz and silicate minerals.
Patented Dec. 21, 1943 2.337.112; 'BENEFICIATION F onus John Frank Lontz, Wilmington, Del., assignor to I E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, DeL, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application October 7, 1940, Serial No. 360,160
6 Claims. "(01. 209-166)- This invention relates to an improved process for the concentration of ores, more particularly it relates to a method for improving the efliciency of froth flotation processes employing cationic surface active compounds as flotation agents. Still more particularly it relates to the use of assisting agents in froth flotation processes employing cationic surface active compounds as flotation agents; and still more particularly it relates to the use of assisting agents comprising Water soluble open chain aliphatic carboxylic acids containing not more than nine carbon atoms, and their water-soluble salts and amides in froth flotation processes for the concentration of negatively-charged minerals employing cationic surface active compounds as flotation agents.
This invention has as an object the development of an improved method for separating or concentrating neg'atively'charged minerals es- A further object is to increase the selectivity of cationic surface active compounds as flotation agents in such processes by using in combination with such agents water-soluble open chain aliphatic carboxyiic acids containing not more than nine carbon atoms and water-soluble salts and amides of such acids. A still further object is the production of an improved process of concentrating metal carbonate and oxide minerals, using cationic surface active agents as flotation agents and an agent selected from the class of water-soluble open chain aliphatic, carboxylic acids containing not more than nine carbon atoms and water-soluble salts and amides of such acids as an assistant. Other objects will appear hereinafter.
The anove and other objects appearing hereinafter are'accomplished by the following invention which comprises adding to a plup containing metal carbonate and/or oxide minerals and negatively charged gangue material a cationic surface active compound as a flotation agent and an agent selected from the class of watersoluble open chain aliphatic carboxylic acids containing not more than nine carbonatoms and water-soluble salts and amides of such acids as an assisting agent, and subjecting the same to a flotation operation. The valuable fraction of the ore may be found in the froth layer or it may remain in the cell. In this way a sharper separation of valuable mineral from gangue is efl'ected, resulting in a purer product and greater recovery.
The ability of cationic surface-active reagents to fioat siliceous minerals by means of a froth in preference to the indifferent metallic oxides and carbonates has been utilized by this invention, but the performance of the cationic surface active compounds as flotation agents has been improved, particularly in the separation of siliceous material from calcium carbonate, or limestone, by the use of water-soluble open chain aliphatic carboxylic acids containing not more than nine carbon atoms and their water-soluble salts and amides as added assistants. These assistants have been found to promote separation of more of the siliceous material for a given amount of flotation agent resulting in the separation of a higher grade of limestone with the same or higher recovery remaining behind as tailings. For example, when citric acid is added as an assistant (Example V) to a flotation operation using crude dodecylamine hydrochloride, the grade of CaCOa from the flotation operation is improved from 85.82 to 94.9 witha recovery increase from 81.2% to 87%. Another way of expressing the same effect is to state that in the majority of cases for the production of a desired grade of mineral concentrate a substantial reduction in the required amount of collector is made possible by the addition of an assistant. In certain instances an improvement in the collecting power of cationic surface active compounds results from leaching the ore with a small amount of a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid prior to the flotation step.
This invention will be further illustrated but is not intended to be limited by the following examples: EXAMPLE I I A sample of siliceous limestone used in the production of Portland cement was employed in flotation experiments using assistants with cationic surface active compounds as flotation re grinding 1 kg. of the minus 40-mesh ore for 70' minutes in a one-gallon porcelain jar mill with one liter of water and 3 kg. of flint pebbles. The ore particles were then about 84-86% minus 200- mesh.
- drochloride was added. Fifty-five thousandths of a gram of the frother hereafter referred to as frother b, was added to induce frothing. The frothing agent consisted of the branched-chain, oxygenated organic compounds prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbonv oxides under elevated temperatures and pressures as described in U. S. Patents 1,844,129,1,844,857, and 1,939,708. The boiling range of the particular fraction of these ongenated organic compounds used was 147-157 C.
With the'addition of frother b a heavily loaded froth, dark gray in color, formed rapidly and was collected for 9 minutes, after which time there was no further collection of minerals or production of froth. The flotation concentrate and tailings were filtered, dried, weighed. and
analyzed for their calcium carbonate content. The results are summarized in the following magenta-Crude dodecylamine hydrochloride 0.05 g. or 0.10 lb./ton. Frother b, 0.055 g. or 0.11 lb./ton.
It will be noted from the table that 81.2% of l the calcium carbonate remained in the cell in the underflow," commonly called the tailings" in ore dressing terminology. Since the desired mineral concentrated in the underflow, I prefer not to use the term "tailings as that term generally implies a waste product or gangue. Similarly I have used the term overflow to designate the product carried out of the cell by the froth. Generally, the product frothed out of the cell is called the "concentrate but I prefer to avoid that term, since in its usual use it connotes a purification or segregation of valuable minerals and in my process the froth carries out the undesired minerals. The terms underflow.and "overflow" are therefore used to designate my improvement has been made by the addition of hydroxyacetic acid as indicated by the substantial increase in the grade of limestone, represented by the underflow, from 85.82% to 91.15% of calcium carbonate in addition to an increase in recovery from 81.2% to.85.8%.
EXAMPLE III Weight CaCl; Per cent Product g Per cent weigh t recovery Heads 1, 000. 0 l 74. 2 742. 3 Overflow 306. 0 37. 70 115. 3 15. 6 Underflow 694. 0 90. 34 627. 0 84. 5
l Calcd.
Magenta-Crude dodecylamine hydrochloride, 0.05 g. or 0.10 lb./ton. Frother b, 0.055 g. or0.l1 lb./ton. Levuiinic acid 0.10 g. or 0.20 lb./ton.
The addition of levulinic acid increased the grade of underflow from 85.82% obtained by the control run, to 90.34% calcium carbonate with an increase in recovery from 81.2% to 84.5%.
EXAMPLE IV A number of assisting reagents in addition to those described in Examples 112 and III were tested under the same conditions outlined in the control run (Example I) using 0.05 lb./ton crude dodecylamine hydrochloride and 0.14 1b./ton
flotation products rather than the commonly used terms "tailings and concentrate. In the above experiment the grade of limestone was increased from 81.0% to 85.82% of calcium'carbonate with a recovery of 81.2%.
By crude dodecylamine hydrochloride as used herein is meantthe mixture of hydrochlorides of Y the higher primary aliphatic amines in which the allwl groups correspond in carbon content and composition to the fatty acids occurring naturally in coconut oil.
Exeuru: II
The process of Example I was repeated using, in addition to the same quantities of crude dodecylamine hydrochloride and frother b, 0.35 gram of hydroxyacetic acid. The flotation fractions were filtered, dried, weighed and analyzed as before. The results of this experiment using hydroxyacetic acid as an assistant are summarized in the following table:
Rwanda-Crude dodecylamine hydrochloride, 0.05 g., or 0.10 lb./ton, Frother b 0.055 g. or 0.11 1b.lton. Hydroxyacetic acid 0.35 g. or 0.70 lb./ton.
Comparison of the above results with those of the control run (Example I) shows that a marked frother b. For sake of brevity, typical results are listed in the accompanying table:
The above variations in the analyses of the heads are due to the different batches of limestone used for the tests.
Exam-ta V The process of Example I was repeated with the addition of 0.10 g. or 0.20 lb./ton of citric acid as an assistant. The flotation fractions were filtered, dried, weighed and analyzed as before. The results are summarized in the following table:
C8C0s Product Weight Percent Weight recovery Heads 992.5 78.7 780.7 0verfl0w 276. 5 36. 8 101. 2 13.0 Underflow V 716.0 94.9 679.5 87.0
Calcd.
Reagmts: Crude dodecylamine hydrochloride, 0.05 g. or 0.l0.lb./ ton. Frother b, 0.055 g. or 0.11 lb./ton Citric acid 0.10 g. or 0.20 lb./tou
Exemrta VI The process of Example I was repeated with the same reagents but with 0.10 g. of tartaric acid as an assistant. The flotation fractions.-
were filtered. dried, weighedand analyzed as Reaqents.-Crude dodecylamine hydrochloride, 0.05 g. or 0.10 Frotber b, 0.055 g. or 0.11 lb./ton tartaric acid 0.10 g. or 0.20
It 'is apparent that the addition of tartaric acid increases the amount of overilow as compared with the control run in Example I. The grade of the underflow was increased from 85.82 to 90.7% calcium carbonate with an increase in recovery from 81.2% to 90.6%.
Exunns VII.-Control A slurry of 100 g. of Minnesota iron ore washer tailings was treated with 0.015 g. crude dodecylamine hydrochloride and 0.009 g. frother b. The resulting froth was collected for 6 minutes, broken down with a mixer and then recleaned with 0.003 g. crude dodecylamine hydrochloride and 0.009 g. frother b. The fractions were filtered, dried, weighed and analyzed for the hydrochloric acid soluble content, which is a measure of iron content. The results are tabulated below:
Reagents rougher opemlion.0.30 lb./ton crude dodecylamlne hydrochloride. 0.18 lb./ton irother b.
Cleaner operation.0.06 lb./ton crude dodecylamine hydrochloride.
0.18 lb./ton irothcr b.
In repeating the above process using crotonic acid to the extent of 0.20 lb./ton in the rougher operation, the higher hydrochloric acid-soluble content in the underflow is increased and at the same time the silica rejection is higher, thus giving an iron concentrate of higher quality.
In place of the water soluble carboxylic acids containing not more than nine carbon atoms listed in the above examples, others may be substituted with equally good results. Additional suitable agents include formic, amino-caproic, gluconic, aminobutyric, chloracetic, lactic, pyruvic, malonic, tartronic, malic, aconitic, and adipic acids. In place of the free acids, their watersoluble salts, e. g. the alkali metal, amine and ammonium salts, as well as their water-soluble amides may be used. Methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl amines are useful as salt forming components. Examples of amides operable in the practice of the invention include formalnide, N-p-hydroxyethyl formamide, N-bis(phydroxyethyl) -propionamide, and N,N -bismethylol adipamide. If desired, mixtures of one or more of the above assistants may be used.
In addition to the specific cationic surface active agents disclosed in the examples, we have found that a very large number of other agents of this type will give good results. Either single compounds or mixtures are useful. Among the agents which can be used to advantage in the separation of metal carbonates and oxides from siliceous gangues, the following may be mentioned:
Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or chlo- Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or chloride Octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or chloride Hexadecyl pyridinium bromide or chloride Dodecyl pyridinium bromide or chloride Dodecylamine hydrochloride, hydrobromide, ni-
trate, acetate or chloroacetate Hexadecylamine hydrochloride Octadecylamine hydrochloride Dodecyl dimethyl sulfonium methyl sulfate Dodecyl dimethyl sulfonium bromide Octadecyl methyl ethyl sulphonium iodide Tetradecyl dimethyl sulphonium bromide Dodecyl methyl cyclohexyl sulphonium iodide Dodecyl benzyl methyl sulphonium chloride 1 A large list of useful ammonium, sulphonium and phosphonium compounds which have'utility are set forth in Dunbar U. S. Patent 2,165,356.
The agents of our invention may be designated by the following general formula:
in which R is a non-aromatic (i. e. non-benzenoid) hydrocarbon radical of 8 to 22 carbon atoms; M represents pentavalent nitrogen, pentavalent sulfur or tetravalent sulfur; R represents hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbon radicals having not more than 5 carbon atoms which may be constituents of an alicyclic or of a heterocyclic ring; :c is an integer less by two than the valence of element M, and Y is a negatively charged salt forming radical, i. e.. atom or group, for example, chlorine, bromine, nitrate, acetate, chloroacetate, etc. The long chain aliphatic radical R need not be entirely composed of carbon atoms in the chain but may contain ether linkages, ester groups, sulfur atoms, carbonyl groups, etc. provided these groups do not introduce new centers of polarity.
For example, reagents such as the hydrochloride of the dodecyl ester of alpha-amino-isobutyric acid, the hydrochloride of beta-aminoethyl dodecyl ether, and the hydrochloride of the dodecyl ester of alpha-amino-isobutyric acid are good flotation reagents for use in the process of this invention; such substances, however, as the hydrochloride 0f along chain amine having a carboxyl group on the end removed from the amino group would not produce the desired effect, since another polar. solubilizing group has been introduced.
Two other types of cationic surface-active reagents which bear some mention are found useful in the practice of this invention. One of these types comprises salts of amino naphthenes derived from naphthenic acids of 12 to 20 carbon atoms and natural acidic resins, e. g. rosin, Congo, kauri, Manila, sandarac, damar, pontianac, Zanzibar, etc. The aminonaphthenes can be made by catalytically dehydrating the acids in .the presence of ammonia and subsequent reduction of the nitriles to the corresponding amines and the salts can be made by treating the amines with an acid, e. g. hydrochloric. The reactions involved are discussed below in connection with higher fatty acids.
The second class which appears to differ from the type formula are the betaines having long aliphatic chains. some illustrative betaine type compounds apparently have the following formula, although there is some evidence in favor of their being noncyclic compounds:
CHI
R- CH2III 1:6. Ordinarily a neutral pulp is used, but in some cases it may be desirable to use an alkaline or acid pulp.
It will be clear from the above that one of the uses of this invention is the preparation of cal cium carbonate of good quality from natural rocks whose calcium carbonate content is too low to be of technical value. By means of this process limestone rocks containing 40-70% cal- 0 cium carbonate can be purified to such an extent The betaines are particularly effective if used 2 COOH ' A class of substances which we have found to be particularly effective is .composed of mixtures of salts of amines derived from the fatty acids obtained by hydrolytic splitting of natural fatty glycerides, e. g. palm oil, coconut oil, stearin, etc.
For example, the mixtures of amines derived from coconut oil fatty acids by the following series of reactions such as follows gives excellent flotation results after conversion to a watersoluble salt such as the hydrochloride oracetate.
The amount of cationic surface active compounds required to produce the above effects varies somewhat with the reagent chosen and the particular ore being treated. In general, the amount needed will be between 0.05 and 2.0 pounds per ton of ore, but in some cases somewhat smaller or larger quantities may be re-' quired. The amount of water-soluble open chain aliphatic carboxylic acid or water-soluble salt or amide used may also vary widely, in general from 0.01 pound to 5.0 pounds per ton of ore is satisfactory. In most instances,-however, from 0.2 to 1.0 lb./ton is sufficient. Some of the reagents produce suificient frothing so that an additional frothing agent is not required, while others have little or no frothing power. When greater frothing power is needed, we prefer to use a material such as pine oil, cresylic acid or frother b, since these frothers have no adverse effect on the selectivity of the collecting agents. Occasionally we find it advantageous to use mixtures of two or more of the cation-active reagents to produce flotation products of high quality. In carrying out a flotation process according to the teachings of this invention, any of the well known types of flotation cells may be employed. The ratio of pulp solids to water may vary from about 1:1 to
1.1 by this process.
also permits the recovery of iron carbonate,
that the product can be used in-the manufacture of Portland cement. It is also possible to prepare calcium carbonate concentrates approaching theoretical purity from low-grade limestone The process of this invention managanese carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and other metallic carbonates from ores contaming these minerals with other siliceous materials as impurities.' Conversely it may be used to prepare talc, mica, or quartz products of high purity and value when the principal impurities are alkaline earth or heavy metal carbonates or oxides. While the herein disclosed examples apply to the use of assistants in the beneficiation of calcium carbonate, the same principles apply to the concentration of oxidized iron minerals in which the cationic surface active collectors are benefited through the use of the protective colloid assistants of the carbohydrate type.
The present process affords two outstanding advantages as compared with previously known methods for the removal of siliceous minerals by means of cationic surface active agents as collectors. First, it provides a process by which quartz and siliceous minerals including iron ores, as disclosed in the preceding paragraph can be A separated from other minerals at a substantial reduction in the amount of collector through the use of assistants. Secondly, with a given amount of cationic surface-active agents, the use of an asslstantincreases the selectivity as a result of which a higher grade of mineral concentrate is obtained.
While the preferred embodiments of our invention have been disclosed, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that many variations and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention.
I claim:
1. In a froth flotation process for concentrating negatively charged minerals which involves incorporating in an aqueous pulp of ores containing such minerals a cationic surface active agent having a long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 8-22 carbon'atoms and a negatively charged salt forming radical, the step which comprises adding to the pulp a separate assistant taken from the group consisting of water soluble open chain aliphatic'carboxylic acids containing not more than 9 carbon atoms and their water soluble salts and amides.
2. In a froth flotation process for concentrating ores containing negatively charged minerals and minerals taken from the group consisting of metal carbonates and oxides which involves incorporating in an aqueous pulp of such ores a cationic surface active agent having a long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 8-22 carbon atoms and a negatively charged salt forming radical, the step which comprises adding to the pulp a separate assistant taken from the group consisting of water soluble open chain aliphatic carboxylic acids containing not more than 9 carof metal carbonates and oxides which involves incorporating in an aqueous pulp of such ores a cationic surface active agent comprising a wa-' 5. In a froth flotation process for concentratingores containing negatively charged minerals and minerals taken from the group consisting of metal carbonates and oxides which involves incorporating in an aqueous pulp of such ores a cationic surface active agent comprising a water soluble dodecyl amine salt, the step which combie open chain aliphatic carboxylic acids containing not more than 9 carbon atoms and their water soluble salts and amides. v
4. In a froth flotation process for concentrating ores containing negatively charged minerals and minerals taken from the group consisting of metal carbonates and oxides which involves prises adding to the pulp the water soluble amides of open chain aliphatic carboxyiic acids containing not more. than 9 carbon atoms in an amount from 0.1 to 5.0 pounds per ton of ore, said surface active agent being used in an amount between 0.05 and 2.0 pounds per ton of ore.
' -6. In a froth flotation process for concentrating ores containing negatively charged minerals and minerals taken from the group consisting of metal carbonates and oxides which involves incorporating in an aqueous pulp of such ores a cationic surface active agent comprising a water soluble dodecyl amine salt, the step which comprises adding to the pulp the water soluble salts of open chain aliphatic carboxylic acids containing not more than 9 carbon atoms in an
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2462948A (en) * | 1943-05-19 | 1949-03-01 | Woonsocket Rayon Inc | Flotation process of clarifying regenerating baths |
US2578790A (en) * | 1951-05-07 | 1951-12-18 | Minerals Separation North Us | Froth flotation of ferruginous impurities from finely divided granite rock |
US2633240A (en) * | 1950-11-16 | 1953-03-31 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Beneficiation of coal by flotation |
US2759607A (en) * | 1951-02-27 | 1956-08-21 | Union Oil Co | Flotation of hydrocarbon impurities |
US3102856A (en) * | 1960-06-24 | 1963-09-03 | Johnson & Johnson | Platy talc beneficiation |
US3278028A (en) * | 1963-10-31 | 1966-10-11 | Frank W Millsaps | Flotation of mica |
US3329265A (en) * | 1964-08-18 | 1967-07-04 | James S Browning | Flotation of mica |
US3822014A (en) * | 1970-02-12 | 1974-07-02 | Citrex Sa | Process of flotation of minterals and ores |
US3834533A (en) * | 1972-09-11 | 1974-09-10 | Continental Oil Co | Concentration of oxide copper ores by flotation separation |
US3845862A (en) * | 1973-01-04 | 1974-11-05 | Continental Oil Co | Concentration of oxide copper ores by flotation separation |
US3909399A (en) * | 1972-05-08 | 1975-09-30 | Vojislav Petrovich | Froth flotation method for recovery of minerals |
US5439116A (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1995-08-08 | Mircal | Process for the recovery of micas by flotation and micas thus obtained |
-
1940
- 1940-10-07 US US360160A patent/US2337118A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2462948A (en) * | 1943-05-19 | 1949-03-01 | Woonsocket Rayon Inc | Flotation process of clarifying regenerating baths |
US2633240A (en) * | 1950-11-16 | 1953-03-31 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Beneficiation of coal by flotation |
US2759607A (en) * | 1951-02-27 | 1956-08-21 | Union Oil Co | Flotation of hydrocarbon impurities |
US2578790A (en) * | 1951-05-07 | 1951-12-18 | Minerals Separation North Us | Froth flotation of ferruginous impurities from finely divided granite rock |
US3102856A (en) * | 1960-06-24 | 1963-09-03 | Johnson & Johnson | Platy talc beneficiation |
US3278028A (en) * | 1963-10-31 | 1966-10-11 | Frank W Millsaps | Flotation of mica |
US3329265A (en) * | 1964-08-18 | 1967-07-04 | James S Browning | Flotation of mica |
US3822014A (en) * | 1970-02-12 | 1974-07-02 | Citrex Sa | Process of flotation of minterals and ores |
US3909399A (en) * | 1972-05-08 | 1975-09-30 | Vojislav Petrovich | Froth flotation method for recovery of minerals |
US3834533A (en) * | 1972-09-11 | 1974-09-10 | Continental Oil Co | Concentration of oxide copper ores by flotation separation |
US3845862A (en) * | 1973-01-04 | 1974-11-05 | Continental Oil Co | Concentration of oxide copper ores by flotation separation |
US5439116A (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1995-08-08 | Mircal | Process for the recovery of micas by flotation and micas thus obtained |
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