US327526A - clabke - Google Patents

Description

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(No Model.)

0. L. CLARKE. TELEMETER SYSTEM.

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C. L. CLARKE.

TELEMETER SYSTEM.

No. 327,526. g Patented Oct. 6, 1885;, ai

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. L. CLARKE.

' TELEMETER SYSTEM.

No. 327,526. Patented Oct. 6, 1885.

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I I x I nuTnn STATES PATENT Orricn.

CHARLES L. CLARKE, OF NEWV YORK, N. Y.

-TELEMETER SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 327,526, dated October 6, 1885.

Application filed March 30, 1885. Serial No. 160,604. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES L. CLARKE, a citizen of the United States, residing in New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tclemeters, of which the f0llowing is a specification.

The invention relates to certain improvements in the organization of electrical apparatus and in the arrangement of circuits for indicating,at distant points,variations in temperature, atmospheric pressure, or other similar changing force occurring at any particular locality, or the movements of any regularlyoperated device.

The object of the invention is to cause such indications to be made automatically and simultaneously with the occurrence of any change of any appreciable amount at any required number of different points, to so organize the apparatus as to most economically apply the electrical energy employed, to prevent the more delicate parts of the instruments from becoming injured by constant use, to insure that all the instruments shall operate reliably, and to indicate any failureon the part of the instruments to properly operate.

The invention consists, generally, in organizing the apparatus in substantially the following manner.

The governinginstrument,which is one organized to respond to any varying force or to be operated at regular intervals or to move constantly under the influence of a constant force, is provided with a circuit-closing device constructed to transmit electrical impulses of a character and with a frequency dependent upon the direction and amplitude of the movements of the controlling-instrument.

The various parts of the apparatus are so constructed that immediately upon the completion of a circuit by the transmitter or by the primal circuit-closing device a shuntcir' cuit will be automatically completed around this device. This sh nut-circuit remains closed until a separation of the primal contact-poiuts has been effected. The shunt-circuit is completed through astrong and firm contact-point, thereby insuring more perfect circuit-connections than can be readily obtained by the primal contact when it is operated by delicitely-adjusted devices. This also prevents the circuit from being accidentally interrupted before the electro-magnets which it is designed to operate have been vitalized, and it at the same time prevents electrical discharges from occurring at the delicate contact-points.

The receivinginstruments are provided with devices for advancing an indicating arm or device correlatively with the movements of the transmitting device or governing-instrument, and these devices are caused to be operated whenever a circuit is completed.

When the receiving devices have been operated, it is necessary that the circuit should be again interrupted, and this has usually been accomplished by means of an interrupting device actuated by an electro-magnet inserted in series with the other electro-magnets, but constructed to respond more slowly, and to thus be brought into operation after the other electro-magnets have performed their functions. It sometimes chances, however, that some one or more of the actuating electromagnets may not operate as quickly as the others, and the interrupting device may respond before some other device has performed its function.

It is very essential for the perfect operation of the telemeter system that all the devices should operate before the final interruption of the circuit occurs. For this reason it is proposed by this invention to place theinterrupting device under the control of currents caused to traverse a third circuit, the connections of which can only be completed when all the operating electromagnets have been vitalized. This third circuit has its connections completed at different points by the movements of the armaturelevers of the respective operating electro-magnets, and when completed the interrupting electro-maguet is vitalized and the circuit-connections of the battery are interrupted.

The invention involves certain details of organization and construction, which will be fully described in, connection with the drawlugs.

In another application of even date herewith there is described and claimed, in connection with an organization of apparatus involving certain features set forth herein, a method of controlling circuit-connections.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the general organization of apparatus and circuits as applied to a telemeter system. Fig. 2 illustrates the invention as applied to a clock system. Fig. 3 illustrates a novel method of applying circuit-closing arms for causing an alarm at extremes of movement of the transmitting device, and also a recordingdial. Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate more in detail the construction of the circuit-closing arms for the'alarm, and also shows more particularly a novel method of applying the drivingpawl to the actuatingwheels employed both in the transmitting and receiving instruments.

Referring to Fig. 1, represents a circuit-closing arm, which may be operated by Variations in temperature or pressure, or by any other force whether constant or variable. In this instance the arm is constructed to move in either of two directions. At its extremity it carries two contact-points, c c. Loosely mounted upon the sleeve 0 which surrounds the arbor 0* of the arm 0, is a starwheel, E. This carries two insulated contactarms, G and 0 Upon the extremity of the arm 0 there is carried a point, 0, and a similar point, 0 is carried upon the arm 0 These points are respectively designed to be brought into contact with the points 0 of the arm 0.

The contact-arms are insulated from each other, but are both carried rigidly upon the wheel E. If, therefore, the circuit-closing arm 0 be moved in one direction it will make contact with one of the arms, 0, and if moved in the opposite direction it will make contact with the other arm, 0 A contact-brush, e, connects the arm 0 with a conductor, 2, and a contact-brush, 0 connects the arm (1 with the conductorl5. A conductor, 1, connects the arm 0 with'the earth at G. It is designed that the arm 0, by moving in one direction or the other, shall cause electric impulses to be transmitted through a main line, L or L, to the receiving-instrument, or to a series of the same, and cause them to move in a manner corresponding to the movements of the arm 0. For this reason the conductor 2 is connected through a conductor, 3, with the main line L, and the conductor in like manner with the main line L" through the conductor 6.

The currents which are required for operating the receiving-instruments are of such strength that itis necessary to protect the delicate contact-points c, c, and 0 from the electric discharges which tend to take place at the interruptionof the circuit. For'this reason it is desired to establish a shunt'circuit around the points 0 and 0 or c and 0 when a circuit is first completed by these. To accomplish this an electro-magnet, H, is included in the conductor 2, and an electro-magnet, H in the conductor 5. The respective armature-levers h and h of these magnets are connected by a conductor, 4, with the conductor 1, and thus with the earth at G. Upon the levers h and IL2 there are carried flexible springs h and h respectively supporting contact-points h and h. point, h. and the point h* to a front contact point, h. These front contact-points are respectively connected by conductors 7 and 8 with the conductors 2 and 5 at points 9 and 10. It will be apparent that when the arm 0 strikes against the arm 0 or C an electric cur rent is caused to traverse the conductor 2 or 5 and the corresponding electro-magnet, H or H will be vitalized. The contact of the point .72 or ii with its front contact-point will there fore cause a shunt-circuit to be completed around the corresponding point 0, and the coils of the corresponding electro-magnet, H or H will be included in the shunt-circuit thus established. The springs h and Ir are employed for the reason that were the arma ture-levers h and h to strike against solid contact-points the blows would jar the instrument and be liable to separate the point 0 or a" from the corresponding point, 0. The circuit would in that event be interrupted before the electro-magnet H or H had become sufficiently magnetized to hold its armature securely in its forward position, an d there would then be a buzzing contact at the points 0 and at the points it and h. This would destroy the contactpoints, although it could not throw the instrument out of unison. Suitable artificial resistances, R and R are preferably respectively included in the conductors 2 and5 between the points 9 and 10 and the corresponding brushes, 6 and c By this means strong currents are prevented from traversing the points 0. I

The currents required for operating the various devices are derived from a battery, 0, which is in this instance located near the receiving-instrument; but it may be placed at the transmitter-station. One pole of this battery is connected with the earth at G by a conductor, 11. The remaining pole is conneoted by conductors 12 and 13 with two conductors, 14 and 15. .The conductor 14 leads to the line L, and the conductor 15 to the line L The functions of the currents which are thus transmitted are to operate the wheel E, and thus move the arm 0 or 0 out of con tact with the arm 0, and also to move an indicating-arm, P, of the receiving-instrument.

For this purpose two electro-magnets, F and v F", are respectively included in the conductors 3 and 6, leading to the lines L and L at the transmitting-station, and two'electro-magnets, M and M .in the conductors 14 and 15, leading from the same lines at the receiving station.

The electro-magnet F. is provided with an armature, F carried upon a lever, F. A

pawl, k,- is carried upon the lever F and this serves to impel the wheel E toward the right hand, and thus to separate the arm 0 from the arm 0 when the electro-magnet F is vitalized. A similar pawl, carried upon the le- The point If is applied to a front contact ver F of the armature F", applied to the elcc-- tro-magnet F serves to impel the wheel E in the opposite direction when the electromagnet is vitalized. A suitable retaining-pawl, E, serves to prevent an accidental displacement of the wheel E.

The electro'magnet M is provided with an armature, m, carried upon a lever, r.- which carries a driving-pawl, a. Likewise an arma turemi a lever, m, and pawl n" are applied to the electromagnet M These two pawls n and n are applied to a wheel, N, which carries the pointer P. \Vhen the eleetro-magnet M is vitalized, the wheel and pointer are moved in one direction, and when the electromagnet M is vitalized they are impelled in the opposite direction. In this manner the pointer P is caused to indicate the position of the arm 0.

A suitable retainingpawl, N is applied to the wheel N for the purpose of preventing it from being accidentally moved.

It is necessary that after the points 0 have been separated and the pointer P has been moved, the circuit of the battery 0 should be interrupted. Heretofore it has been customary to interrupt the circuit by means of an electro-magnet included in series with the other magnets and responding more slowly. While this method is perfectly practicable it requires careful adjustment, and usually a strong battery is required. According to the present invention it is proposed to place the interrupting-magnet in a third circuit, the connections of which are completed by the movements of the armature-levers toward their electro-magnets, so that it is insured that the circuit of the interrupting-magnet cannot be completed until all of the electro-magnets have been vitalized and the several armatures responded. The interrupting device is then immediately actuated and the main-circuit connections are interrupted. This is accomplished in the present instance by means of contact-pointsf andf carried upon the levers F and F, respectively, and by similar points, in and m, respectively carried upon the levers m and in" of the magnets H and M. The contact-points f and f are both connected with the conductor 1 leading to the earth at G. The contact-pointj" has a front contact-point, f and the pointf" has a similar front contact-point, f. These front contacts are connected with a third line, L, lead ing to the rec'eivinginstrument. This line leads to an electro-magnet, Q, and from this magnet, through a conductor, 1e, it is connected with two front contaetstops, m and m which are respectively applied to the points m and in. The contactpoints m and 712- are connected through their respective levers and the conductors 14 and 15 with the conductor 13, and thus with the battery 0. When,

both the transmitter and the receiver have been operated.

The manner in which the circuit is interrupted is as follows: The conductor 12 leads to a stationary arm, carrying a yielding contactspring, 9 This spring carries a contact-point, g, the face of which is preferably in the form of an arc of a circle. The armature-lever of the electro-magnet Q, is normally held away from its electro-magnet, but when it is drawn forward it strikes against an arm of the interrupting-lever, A contact point, 9, carried upon this lever is normally against the point g pressing the spring 5/ outward, and it is held in this position by gravity. \Vhen, however, the elec tro-magnet Q becomes vitalized, the arm or lever is struck by the armature-lever g", and the point 9 is thrown out of contact with the point 9 The momentum of the lever or arm prevents the point from returning immedi' ately into contact with the point even though the armaturelever 9 fall away from its magnet. The point 9 is connected with the conductor 13, and thus, by its separation from the point g", the circuit is interrupted. An adj listing-screw, g, is applied to the spring which serves to press the same outward a sufficient distance to permit the point 9 to fall behind it and to press it still farther forward. A rubbing-contact is thus secured. Upon the interruption of the connections of the battery 0 at the point all the electromagnets become demagnetized, and the parts return to their normal positions, the arms 0 and the pointer P having been advanced or caused to recede, accordingly as a current has been transmitted over the line L or L It may sometimes chance that when the arm C is moved away from the arm O, the point carried upon the other arm, C will strike against the point e on the arm 0, and vice versa, unless some means are provided for obviating the difficulty. This would be espc cially liable to occur were the arms adjusted very closely to the points c,- also, if from any cause the transmitter should receive a violent blow orjar, the arm 0 might for the moment vibrate so as to make contact with both arms 0 and O at nearly the same instant. To pre vent this the conductor 6 leads to a contact point, 7 against which there normally rests an insulated contact, y, carried upon the lever h, and the line L leads to the point f. A spring supports the point 3 and this is employed for affording a yielding contact between the two parts. \Vhen the armature h is away from its electro-magnct H,the spring is pressed backward, and when the lever is drawn forward the spring at first clings to the point y, but separates therefrom before eontaet is made at the point Ir. In this manner the connections between the conductor 6 and line L areinterrupted before the connections of the conductor 2 are completed through the point h the points being properly adjusted for that purpose. It is not always necessary IZO to resort to the use of this spring, but it is preferred to employ it for the purpose of preventing a jarring-contact. The connections of the line L are made and interrupted in like manner through contacts 3 and 1 a spring being employedfor supporting thelatter from the armature-lever h".

The electro'magnet Q, included in the conductor 12, is employed for giving an indication in the event that the strength of the battery 0 should become insufficient to supply a current of the strength required to operate the devices. If by some chance the circuit should remain completed through this magnet, the armature q would be drawn forward against the slowly-yielding plunger or dash-pot The dash-pot consists of an inclosing-cup, g containing a plunger, q", through which is formed a small perforation, q A viscid oil or other similar substance may be contained in the cup above the plunger, which is also preferably cupshaped, as shown. The continued attraction exerted by the electro-magnet causes the plunger to gradually rise and thus allows the armature to approach the magnet.

Upon an arm, Q5, ofthe armature-lever there is carried adetent, q,which normally engages a catch, upon a sliding rod, Q". ,This rod, together with a disk or visual signal, g is normally held in the position shown in the drawings by the catch; but when the armaturelever is drawn forward the rod is released and the disk is permitted to fall through an aperture in the case, and thereby to indicate that the circuit has remained closed and that for some reason the apparatus has failed to operate. Such failure being usually due to the weakness of the battery, it is preferable to locate this indicating device at the station where the battery is placed, in this instance at the receivingstation; or, if a series of receiving-instruments are employed, at any one of the stations.

This method of controlling and operating circuits is not confined to the precise organization of apparatus shown in Fig. 1, but is equally applicable, for instance, to an electricclock system, as shown in Fig. 2.

Referring to Fig. 2, R represents a circuitrlosing device applied toa moving partsay, the seconds-hand arbor of a regulator. This device consists of an arm, 1', which is carried forward by the movements of the seconds-hand arbor, and makes slidingcontact once each minute, or at any other predetermined interval, with a contact-point, r", supported between two non-conducting points or surfaces, 9- and r. The point r is preferably narrow, and located between two of the points of rest of the circuitclosing arm, so that by a single beat of the pendulum the arm will be carried into and out of contact with the contactpoints. In the drawings the point 00 indicates the position of the circuit-closing arm at, say, the fifty-ninth second, and x at the sixtieth second, the contact being made while r is sweeping over 0. The circuit of the battery 0,

,one pole of which is connected through the interrupting device Q with the point 1, will thus be completed withthe arm 1" once each minute or at the predetermined intervals. This arm is connected by the conductor 2 with the coils of the shunt-magnet H, and through the coils of the same with the main line L. This main line includes in series any required number of electro-magnets M, designed to operate the several secondary clock-movements. The line L is connected with the earth at the distant station, as shown at G by the conductor 29.

The shunting-magnet H is employed for completing a circuit around the points 1" and r before that arm is carried beyond the point. This shunt prevents a spark at the point a, when the arm 1" leaves it on account of the resistance R Its operation will be evident without further description. The first operation of the circuit-closing arm is to vitalize the electro-magnet H, and thus to complete the shunt-circuit with the main line. There upon all the armature-levers m of the magnets M will be actuated. An artificial resistance, R is inserted in the conductor leading to the point r for the purpose of preventing an undue amount of current from being trans mitted through that point, all that is requisite beingthat necessary to vitalize the shuntinginagnet H. i

The interruption of the circuit is secured by means of the electro-magnet Q, which is included in the circuit of the line L, and the operation of which is precisely similar to that described with reference to Fig. 1. The main line L leads from this magnet to the arma-' ture-lever m of the first clock. This lever is provided with a contact-stop, m from which a succeeding section of the main line leads to a lever, m of the second clock. The front contact-point of this lever is connected with the succeeding section of the main line, and so on throughout the series, the line being ultimately connected with the earth. It is evident, therefore, that the circuit-connections ofthe line L will be completed only when all the armature-levers have been drawn toward their electro-magnets. The electro-magnets are shown in this instance as being so applied that the driving-pawls actuate the wheels N when the electro magnets are demagnetized; but the construction shown in Fig. 1 may be adopted. The construction here shown is, however, preferred, for thepawls are then a1- ways driven toward the wheels by the same force, and the driving force applied is independent of the battery strength, provided only that this be sufficient to draw the levers back.

At 0 there may be inserted a battery-indicating device similar to that shown in Fig. 1.

In Figs.1,3,4,and 5 there are shown twocontact-arms, p and p placed upon opposite sides of the indicating-arm P,and these are employed for the double purpose of indicating the extreme of movement of the arm P, and also of sounding an alarm in the event of an excess of ICO pressure, heat, or other force which it is desired to indicate, or, on the other hand, too great a diminution of the same. The arms p and p are supported upon an insulated sleeve surrounding the arbor of the indicating-arm P, and they normally stand in whatever positions they are manually placed; but they are movable upon their support, being secured thereto by frictional connection. They may for the purpose be slotted longitudinally, the divisions having sufficient resilience to press against the sleeve. Intervening washers, p and phare employed for retaining the arms in position, butthe friction is secured with the sleeve rather than with the washer. \Vhen, therefore, the indicatingarm strikes against one or the other of the arms 1) or pflit will not only make contact therewith but will advance the same in the direction of its own movement. These alarm-hands also serve to register the extremes of movement of the arm P. The alarm-hands P and P are made of or else carry their contacts upon springs which are stiff enough to allow the arms to be moved by the hand P, but which prevent the sudden blow .of the arm from giving them sufficient impetus to throw them out of contact with the hand, as would be the case if the arms P and P were rigid.

It is designed that one pole of a local battery, 0, shall be connected with the indicating-arm and the otherpole through a suitable signaling device with the two cont-act arms 19 and p Upon each of these arms there is carried a contact-point, p", which consists of a flat piece of platinum or other suitable metal secured against the side of the arm and projecting outward into the path of a corresponding point, p, carried upon the pointer. When, therefore, the arm P makes contact with either arm 19 or p the circuit of the battery will be completed,and it will remain completed, even though the movements of the arm P have carried it beyond the point at which the arm p or 19 has been set. The alarm will continue to sound, therefore, until the arm P is caused to move in the other direction. This secures a great advantage over the former devices which have been employed, in that it provides a continuous alarm, where heretofore it has been customary to allow the indieating-arm to pass beyond the contact-arm and to thereby sound an alarm only when the indicating-arm is set at a given point, and exceeding this point the alarm ceased:

For the purpose of conveniently keeping a record 'of the variations which the arm P i11- dicates, there is provided a novel form of chronograph. This consists of asuitabletrain, which is adapted to revolve a disk, P', at a regulated speed. The disk is divided into radial sections which correspond to the days of the week, and these sections maybe further divided by hour-lines, as indicated at 1) o The circle is also further divided into circular sections w, which indicate the degree of the variations which it is desired torecord.

Against the surface of the paper there rests a recording-pen, V, which preferably consists of a narrow tube, pointed at the end and containing any suitable recording-ink. This pen is supported upon an arm, V, carried upoua suitable pivot, V The upper end of the arm is provided with a segment, V, gearing with a toothed wheel or segment, V supported upon the arbor of the indicating-arm P. The movements of the arm V will be recorded, it is evident, upon the disk, thus indicating the movements of the arm P and the variations occurring at the transmitting device.

The recording-arm V and other parts moved by the segment V are ofsuch a shape and so arranged as to cause apreponderance of weight on one side of the pivot about which the segment V revolves, always tending to make the arm V swing in toward the center of the recordingdial. This preponderance of weight on one side thus takes up the lost motion between the teeth of the segments V and V always in one direction, and therefore there will be no error in the position of the recording-pen V from lost motion.

The recording device may be applied, it is evident, to the transmittinginstrument, and the receiving device may be omitted by placing the circuit interrupting device at the transmitter.

The portion of the arm carrying the recording-pen is pivoted, so that by loosening a set screw, V it may be turned back for the purpose of removing the disk. Apin determines the proper position of the pivoted portion of the arm. Small clamps are employed for fastening the paper to its support.

In Fig. 4 there is shown in detail the form of driving-pawl and the method of applying it,which is found to possess great advantages. This consists of an arm or pin, a, rigidly carried upon the armaturelever. The lines of the faces of this pawl form an angle very little less thananinety-degree angle, and the movement of the same is very nearly in the line of a geometrical secant of the circle of the wheel N and intersecting a radial line drawn perpendicular to said secant at a point distant from the center of the circle about two-thirds the radius of the circle. The point is, however, further dependent for its location upon the angle of the teeth of the wheel, and the secant should nearly coincide with the line of the face a of the tooth against which the pawl strikes. The best results are obtained when the re-entrant angles of the teeth are very slightly more than ninety degrees, and the line of the driving-face a of the pawl is approximately perpendicular to the face a of the tooth which comes into contact with the remaining face a of the pawl when the wheel is advanced. WVhen the lever is actuated,the face it strikes the tooth face a and advances the wheel N, meanwhile sliding down the face of the tooth until the face a is approximate to the face a". The lines of these two faces are such that the pawl may be drawn back without causing a retrograde movement of the wheel. The configuration of the pawl and teeth and the location of the pivot are such that the pawl locks the wheel in pushing it, and no excess of battery power can cause the force with which the pawl propels the wheel to move it more than one tooth. WVhen the driving-pawl is withdrawn, the pawl N causes the wheel to advance a slight distance farther, bringing the crown to the nexttooth beyond the line of movement of the pawl.

I claim as my invention- 1. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a battery, acircuit-closing point for automatically completing a circuit for said battery, means forautomaticallycompleting a second or shunt circuit around said point when the first-named circuit is completed, one or more electro-magnets included in the circuit of the battery, an indicating device operated through the instrumentality of said electro magnet or magnets,.a third circuit, the connections of which are completed by circuit-closing points controlled by said electro-magnets when they are vitalized, and a devicev forinterrupting the connections of said battery operated by currents traversing said third circuit. 7

2. The combination, substantially as here-' inbefore set forth, of a circuit-closing and a contact point, a battery, a circuit'for the same the connections of which are completed by said points, means for completing a circuit around said points, an electro-magnet'for separating said points, one or more indicating devices, electro-magnets included in said circuits for operating said indicating devices, a third circuit for said battery, the connections of which are completed by the armatur e-l'evers' of said electro-magnets when they have been vitalized, and a circuit-interrupting device operated by currents traversing said third circuit.

devices included in said lines respectively, a

third line leading from said battery, and circuit-closing points for completing the connections of said third line at various places, which points are under the control of said electro magnetic devices, whereby a on rrent traversing either of the first-named lines and actuating the corresponding electromagnetic devices will serve to complete the connections of the third line.

4. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a. battery, two lines,

means for completing a circuit for either of said lines, electro-magnetic devices included in said lines respectively, means for completing the circuit-connections of either of said lines and thereby operating the corresponding electro-magnet devices, athird'main line, the connections of which are normally interrupted at various points, means, substantially such as described, for completing the connections of said third line at such points by the operation of all of said electromagnetic devices contained in either of the first-named lines, and

a circuit-interrupting device for severing the connections of both of said lines when the last-named connections have been completed.

5. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, of a battery, 'a conductor leading therefrom, a circuit-controlling'device for completing the connections of the same, two or more electro-magnets included in the circuit thus completed, their armatures and armature-levers, contact-points carried upon said levers, contact stops respectively applied to said points, a second conductor leading from said battery to one of said contact-points, a conductor leading from the corresponding contact-stop to a second of said contact-points, an so on throughout the series,whereby a circuit of said second conductor is completed when all of said electro-magnet-s have been vitalized and their armature-levers have responded, an electro-magnet included in the circuit of the second conductor,and a contactstop and contact-point caused to temporarily separate from each other when the last-named electro-magnet is vitalized, through which point and stop the primary circuit of said battery is normally established.

6. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with a circuit-closing point and means for moving the same in either of two directions, of a battery, twolines, through the one or the other of which a circuit is completed by said point, and means for interrupting the normal connections of either of said lines when the circuit through the other line is completed.

7'. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with a movable circuit-closing point and two contact-points, of a battery, two lines respectively leading from said contactpoints, two interrupting devices, one being included in each of said lines, and means, substantially such as described, for operating each interrupting device by currents traversing the other line.

8. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with a movable circuit-closing point and two contact-points, of a battery,

two lines respectively leading to said contactsponding shunt-circuit are sulsequently Cl1lpleted.

9. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a circuitclosing point responding to variations in temperature or other changes, a second circuitclosi ng point, an elec trical apparatus for causing said second point to move synchronously with the movements of the first point, a contact-point capable of being placed in any required position relative to said second point, means, substantially such as described, for permitting said contact-point to be moved forward by the movements of said second point, a battery, the connections of which are completed through the second cir- 7 cuit-closing-lpoint and the contact-point, and

a signaling device included in the circuit of said battery.

10. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a circuit-elosin g point responding to variations in temperature, press ure, or other changes, an indicating-arm, elec trical devices for causing the same to register the position of the circuit-closing point, two circuit-closing and registering arms respect ively applied to the opposite sides of said indicating-arm, a local battery, the connectioi s of which are completed by the contact of said indicating-arm with either of said registeringarms, a signaling device included in the circuit of said battery, and means, substantially such as described, whereby either of said registeringarms may be normally placed in a given position and be advanced therefrom by the movements of said indicating-arm while maintaining the circuit of said battery complete.

11. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with an indicatingarm, means for moving the same step by step, and a movable contact-arm, of a contact-pointconsisting of a platinum plate secured to said contact-arm and projecting into the path of said indicating-arm, abattery having one pole connected with said indicating-arm and the other pole connected with the contact-arm,and a yielding frictional connection between said contact-arm and its support, whereby it may be advanced by the normal movements of the indicating'arm, and the circuit-connections of said battery maintained complete.

12. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a device responding to variations in pressure, temperature, or other changes, anindicating device and electricallyoperated devices for causing said indicating device to register the movements of the firstnamed device, and a device for indicating the failure of said devices to operate, which consists of an electro-magnet, its armature and armaturelever, a dash-pot for preventing said armature from responding to the normal magnetism of said electro-magnet, but permits a retarded movement of the same, and a visual or other indicating device operated by said armature when it has responded.

13. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, with a movable circuitcontrolling device, an indicating device, a battery, and electromagnetic devices for operating the latter correlatively with the move ments of the former, of an alarm device for indicating the failure of said electromagnetic device to operate, consisting of an electro' magnet, a circuit through which is completed when said circuit-controlling device is oper ated, its armature, means for causing said armature to respond slowly, and an indicatin device operated when said armature has re sponded.

14. In a device for indicating changes in pressure, temperature, time, or the equivalent, a star-wheel, a pawl for actuating the same having faces forming an angle less than the re-entrant angle of the teeth of the wheel and so organized as to advance the wheel nearly the distance corresponding to a tooth during its forward movement, and to be withdrawn without causing a retrograde movement, and a retaining-pawl for completing the forward movement, substantially as described.

15. The combination, substantially as hereinbeforeset forth,inanindicating device, ofthe star-wheel N, and the pawl 12, having the faces a and a the latter of which is approximately in the line of movement of the pawl while the former is approximately perpendicular to the face a of the tooth adjacent to the pawl.

16. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, in an apparatus for indicating changes in temperature, pressure, &c., of an arm responding to such changes, means for moving the same step by step in response to the changes, a flexible yielding contactarm for the same, and means, substantially such as described, whereby the latter may be moved by said arm without being thrown out of eontact therewith.

17. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, in an apparatus for indicating changes in temperature, pressure, &c., of an arm responding by a stcp-bystep motion to such changes, a contact-arm applied thereto and serving to register the extreme movement of said arm by being advanced by the latter, an alarm device, and a battery, the connections of which are completed through said alarm device by the contact of said arm with said contact-arm.

18. The combination, substantially as here inbefore set forth, in an apparatus for indicating changes in temperature, pressure, &c., of a circuitclosing device operating to complete the connections of either of two circuits, an interrupting device for each of said circuits, each of which is operated by the completion of the other circuit, and a yielding contact constituting the interrupting point of each of said interrupting devices.

19. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, in a telemeter system, with a circuit-closing device for completing the connections of either of two circuits, of an inter rupting device for each circuit, each of which is operated by the completion of the other circuit, a device for completing a shunt-circuit around the points through which each of said circuits is completed, and means for causing the shunt-circuit to be formed after the interrupting device of the other circuit has been operated.

20. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with a series of teeth, of two driving-pawls acting in opposite directions upon the same, the one pawl acting to move said series through a distance less than the space of'a single tooth in one direction and the other pawl to move said series an equal distance in the opposite direction, and a look ing-paw1 serving to move said series the remaining distance, represented by a tooth, when either driving-pawl has acted.

21. In a telemeter system, the combination,

20 substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a battery, a main line, one or more electromagnets included therein, a circuit-closing and a contact point for completing the connections of said battery through said main line, an indicating-arm, means for advancing said arm 25 synchronously with said circuit-closing point, a second line, the connections of which are completed by the operation of said electromagnets, and a device for interrupting the connections of said battery, which device is operated by currents traversing the connections of said second line.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 23d day of March, A. D. 1885.

CHARLES L. CL ARKE.

Witnesses:

DANIEL W. EDGEOOMB, CHARLES A. TERRY.

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