US3273227A - Fabrication of heat exchange devices - Google Patents

Fabrication of heat exchange devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US3273227A
US3273227A US287240A US28724063A US3273227A US 3273227 A US3273227 A US 3273227A US 287240 A US287240 A US 287240A US 28724063 A US28724063 A US 28724063A US 3273227 A US3273227 A US 3273227A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
composite sheet
preventing material
bands
tubes
weld
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US287240A
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English (en)
Inventor
Theron F Pauls
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Olin Corp
Original Assignee
Olin Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Olin Corp filed Critical Olin Corp
Priority to US287240A priority Critical patent/US3273227A/en
Priority to GB21253/64A priority patent/GB996122A/en
Priority to NO153604A priority patent/NO119087B/no
Priority to DE19641452809 priority patent/DE1452809A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3273227A publication Critical patent/US3273227A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
    • F28F3/14—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels by separating portions of a pair of joined sheets to form channels, e.g. by inflation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/04—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal
    • B21D53/045—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal by inflating partially united plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/043—Condensers made by assembling plate-like or laminated elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49366—Sheet joined to sheet
    • Y10T29/49369—Utilizing bond inhibiting material
    • Y10T29/49371—Utilizing bond inhibiting material with subsequent fluid expansion

Definitions

  • a commonly used and efficient type of heat exchange unit for evaporators, air conditioning, condensers, internal combustion engine cooling radiators and the like is formed from a plurality of superimposed sheets of metal and having internally disposed between the sheets a number of conduits generally in a parallel spaced arrangement extending from a first or intake header to a second or outlet header.
  • One or more of such units may be employed; and the conduits or tubes serve to carry a heat exchange medium such as water or other coolant in conductive relationship with another medium such as air or other gas passing between the tubes.
  • This type of construction is typical of automobile radiators where, for example, the heated water issues from the cooling block of the engine with the aid of a pump, first enters one of the two headers, and then passes through a great number of thin-walled, relatively flat, closely spaced tubes between which cooling air is blown and which extend usually vertically from one to the other of the headers. Condensers are also frequently of this same type of construction.
  • this type of heat exchange unit may be readily manufactured to provide a great multiplicity of tubes in a sheet of metal.
  • This method involves the application of a suitable predetermined pattern of weld inhibiting material between component sheets, pressure welding all adjoining areas except those separated by the weld inhibiting material, thereby forming a unified composite panel, and inflating along the un-welded areas to erect the tubes integral with the resultant tubed panel.
  • Full advantage heretofore has not been taken of this method inasmuch as the tubes formed are of rather flat or oval shape with the major dimensions lying within or parallel to the panel in which the tubes are formed.
  • the tubes extend not only longitudinally but also extend perpendicularly out of the panel to a considerable extent so as to place a greater number of the tubes in spaced parallel relationship rather than a lesser number in the same plane.
  • This design adapts the units to fabrication as single pieces of large size, a lesser number of which may then be put together for installations where the external medium passes through perforations in the panel transversely to it rather than passing parallel to the panel along its surfaces.
  • a sheet metal panel is formed according to the procedure of the above mentioned US. Patent No. 2,690,002, toform the desired tubular passageway system in its embryonic form.
  • This panel is then slit along a plurality of parallel spaced apart lines in an area extending between two oppositely disposed headers to define the interconnecting tubes this area having been pressure rolled to effect a reduction in thickness between this area and the area of the panel coriesponding to the headers.
  • the tube portions lying between adjacent slits are the bent or twisted out of the normal plane of the panel so as to dispose the tube portions in substantially perpendicular relationship to the plane of the panel.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of fabricating a heat exchange device having a plurality of parallel heat transfer tubes interconnected between a pair of headers for maximum flow of an internal heat transfer medium.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of fabricating a heat transfer device having a plurality of heat transfer tubes interconnected between a pair of headers, the tubes being elongate in cross section and of a thickness less than the thickness of said headers, with the cross sectional major dimension of the tube being disposed at substantially right angles to the normal plane of the panel from which the device is fabricated.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of fabricating a heat'exchange device having a plurality of heat transfer tubes interconnected between a pair of oppositely disposed headers which are bent or twisted out of the normal plane of the panel from which the device is fabricated so as to provide slots or apertures through which an external heat transfer medium may flow unimpeded over the external surfaces of the heat transfer tubes.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method of fabricating a heat exchange device for use as automobile radiators, cooling system condensers and evaporators and the like, which is highly efficient, compact, and economical to manufacture.
  • FIGURE 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of the completed heat exchange device of this invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a composite plan view illustrating a number of steps involved in the fabrication of the device of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a sectional View taken on line 3-3 of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is a view similar to FIGURE 3 illustrating the device in an intermediate stage of fabrication
  • FIGURE 5 is a fragmentary view similar to FIGURE 4, but on an enlarged scale, illustrating a further stage in the fabrication of the device;
  • FIGURE 6 is a fragmentary sectional view on an enlarged scale taken on line 66 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 7 is a fragmentary section view on an enlarged scale taken on line 7--7 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 8 is a fragmentary view illustrating an alternate embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 9 is a sectional view similar to FIGURE 4 taken on line 99 of FIGURE 2 and illustrating a modification of this invention.
  • FIG- URE 1 there is seen an illustrative embodiment of this invention which is a heat exchange device generally indicated by the reference numeral 10.
  • the initial stage of fabrication of this device is substantially as set forth in great detail in the above mentioned U.S. Patent 2,690,- 002, and is generally illustrated, in conjunction with other steps in the formation of the heat exchange device 10, in FIGURES 2, 3 and 4.
  • the heat exchange device 10 is initially formed from a plurality of superposed fiat metal sheets 12 and 14.
  • Sheet 12 has applied thereto a pattern of weld preventing material 16 which is a foreshortened version of the desired pattern of tubular passageways in the finished article.
  • This pattern consists of a pair of parallel bands 18 and 20 which are spaced apart adjacent a pair of opposite edges of the stack of sheets formed by the individual sheets 12 and 14.
  • Interconnecting the two bands 18 and 20 are a plurality of bands 22 of weld preventing material which cover the extent of sheet 12 intermediate bands 18 and 20 except for elongated parallel islands 24 which are free of weld preventing material, and which also extend between the aforementioned bands 18 and 20.
  • the bands 18 and 20 of weld preventing material correspond to the headers in the finished article and that the bands 22 correspond to the plurality of interconnecting tubes.
  • the bands 18 and 20 are extended to an edge of sheet 12 as indicated at 26. It will also be seen that a marginal portion of sheet 12 along opposite sides transverse to the aforementioned opposite sides has been left free of weld preventing material 16 and is surrounded by a peripheral marginal area 28 with the exception of the two strips 26 extending to one of the transverse edges for the ultimate provision of openings adapted for connection to an external source of heat transfer medium.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates in cross section the unified sheet 30 with the unwelded portions 32 at this stage of the fabrication.
  • a plurality of slits 34 are formed in the islands 24 free of weld preventing material, the slits extending almost the full length of these islands.
  • An additional slit 36 is provided in the transverse marginal area free of weld preventing material for a purpose hereinafter to become apparent.
  • the slits 34 and 36 may be formed during any desirable stage of the fabrication process, either in the individual sheets 12 and 14, or after the sandwich of sheets 12 and 14 and weld preventing material 16 has been formed and temporarily secured together or still alternatively after the aforementioned hot rolling step.
  • the last mentioned alternative would be selected so as to eliminate both the problem of proper alignment of individual sheets 12 and 14 with slits already formed therein, and the problem of rewelding of adjacent slit edges during the hot rolling step if no weld preventing material is inserted between these edges.
  • the article is readily adaptable to any of a number of arrangements of the aforementioned steps to achieve the heat exchange device in its embryonic form as illustrated in cross section in FIGURE 4.
  • a still further alternative to the formation of the slits is to form the panel in embryonic form as seen in FIG- URE 4 but without the slits, subject it to the foregoing hot rolling, and then as more fully explained hereinbelow, inflate the unjoined portions of the panel defined by the areas of weld preventing material. Subsequent to this, the inflated panel is subjected to a combination shearing and turning tool which simultaneously parts the metal to form the slits and rotates the inflated tubes.
  • the unwelded areas 26 which extend to the traverse edge of the unified sheet 30 are mechanically pried open and a suitable nozzle is inserted therein and connected to an external source of pressure fluid.
  • the pressure fluid is pumped into the unwelded portions defined by the weld preventing material 16 to expand the sheets 12 and 14 over these portions and thereby create the desired system of internal fluid passageways.
  • the expansion may be carried out either without external restraint thereby resulting in passageway walls having a rounded configuration, or preferably the expansion may be carried out with the composite sheet 30 inserted between suitable dies or plattens, either flat or shaped, so as to limit the extent to which the passageway walls can expand outwardly, thus creating a tubular passageway of generally rectangular configuration in cross section as seen in FIGURE 5.
  • the heat exchange device now consists essentially of the flat unified sheet 30 with an expanded pattern of tubular passageways corresponding to the original pattern of weld preventing material 16, With the bands 18 and 20 forming the headers 40 and 42.
  • the heat exchange device 10 comprises the integrated sheet 30 of generally rectangular configuration, having the parallel spaced apart internally disposed headers 40 and 42 and the elongate tubular passageways 3-8.
  • the headers 40 and 42 terminate adjacent an edge of sheet 30 in inlet and outlet openings 44 and 46 respectively to which conduits 48 and 50 respectively are connected for communication of the heat exchange device with a source of internal heat transfer medium.
  • tubular passageways 3-8 have been twisted out of the normal plane of sheet 30 so as to dispose the major cross sectional dimension of tubes 38 at approximately right angles to the normal plane of sheet 30.
  • This disposition of tubes 38 is accomplished by any desirable means, and has an extent covering substantially all of the length of the slits 34 previously formed in the unified sheet 30.
  • the slitting may occur simultaneously with the tube rotation by the use of a combination tool.
  • the individual tubes 38 are disposed with opposed parallel outer wall surfaces 52 in spaced apart relationship, providing relatively wide and elongate slots or apertures 54 through which an external heat transfer medium can flow substantially unimpeded.
  • these transition portions 56 may be allowed to collapse and be reinflated in the weakened state during a subsequent brazing operation, more fully explained below.
  • twisting step to dispose the tubes 38 out of the normal plane of the unified panel 30 is carried out before or subsequent to the inflation step, or simultaneously therewith.
  • One advantage to performing the twisting step after inflating the embryonic panel 30 lies in obviating the inherent difficulties involved in placing the panel 30 between the aforementioned dies or plattens with the tubes 38 already bent at right angles to the plane of the remainder of panel 30. Also slitting and rotating subsequent to inflating eliminates the problem of identifying the location on the panel of the islands 24 in which the slits are to be made.
  • secondary heat dissipating fins 58 formed of closely corrugated or pleated fin stock may be inserted and positioned within the elongate spaces or apertures between the opposing faces 52 and tubes 38, and suitably secured therein by conventional means, such as solder, brazing and the like interposed between the panel and the fin stock. It is also possible to insert the fins before the tubes are fully inflated so that they will easily drop into place, after which additional pressure is applied during the brazing operation to insure intimate contact of the fins with the tubes. In one form this fin stock may be formed by bending strips of highly heat conductive metal into a corrugated or serpentine form.
  • outer retaining strips 66 and 68 are formed by providing the two outermost slits 36 (FIGURE 1) beyond the pattern of weld preventing material 16.
  • a strip of sheets 12 and 14 is bonded together between the outermost slits 36 and adjacent slits 34 which, when twisted in the same manner as tubes 38, form the outer retaining strips 66 and 68 respectively.
  • a. plurality of the resultant blanks 30 may be assembled in face to face relationship with the tubes and the elongate spaces or apertures in alignment with the corresponding tubes and apertures in adjacent panels, or the tubes of one panel may be in overlapping relationship with tubes of adjacent panels, wherein secondary fin stock is individually inserted in each panel prior to assembly.
  • the plurality of panels may be assembled in face to face relationship prior to secondary fin stock insertion wherein the tubes and the apertures of one panel are in alignment with the corresponding tubes of the adjacent panels.
  • app1 opriate secondary fin stock may be inserted in the apertures between tubes, so that the fin stock will be coextensive with the assembled plurality of panels, that is the fin stock extends through all of the panels.
  • FIGURE 8 One such modification is illustrated in FIGURE 8 and has for its purpose a closer spacing between the tubes interconnecting the spaced apart headers, thereby minimizing the amount of space required for a given unit with a predetermined amount of heat exchange ability, either with or without secondary fin stock material.
  • the device is initially fabricated with the tubes spaced, for example, on approximately 1 /2" centers; the tubes are then rotated as in the foregoing embodiment, after which the headers are collapsed between the tubes such as is done in bellows-type flexible metal tubing, etc. This produces corrgulations or undulations in the headers having the ridges and valleys 70 and 72 respectively such as in FIGURE 8.
  • the tubes which originally were on the 1 /2," centers, would be brought down to approxi mately to /2 centers, or other predetermined spacing, after which the secondary fin stock could be inserted between the tubes, if desired, as described above. This also would tend to strengthen the headers which would be of the same wall thickness as the tubes.
  • a second modification in the method here disclosed provides for a diiferential in wall thickness between the headers and the tubes. This may be achieved, for example, by the use, during the initial rolling process to form the unexpanded panel, of a stepped roll which would roll the tube thickness from say .030" down to .010 prior to rotating the tubes. This results in a reduced gauge tube while keeping a heavy Wall in the headers.
  • FIGURE 9 depicts the device in an intermediate stage of production.
  • the assembly depicted in FIGURE 2. is temporarily secured together and heated in the manner indicated hereinbefore, and then fed through a pair of stepped pressure rolls to (1) exert suflicient pressure to weld the sheets 12 and 14 together in the areas not coated with the weld-preventing material 16, and (2) to effect the desired decrease in thickness in the area of the tubes, relative to the header sections.
  • a method of fabricating a heat exchange device comprising the steps of (A) providing a composite sheet formed of two superposed planar sheets having a pattern of Weld preventing material interposed between said sheets, said composite sheet having opposed first edges and opposed second edges, said pattern including a pair of parallel spaced apart bands located adjacent said first edges and extending to one of said second edges and a plurality of closely spaced apart bands lying parallel to said second edge and joined at opposite ends with said pair of bands, said pair of bands and plurality of bands thereby defining islands free of said weld preventing material,
  • a method as set forth in claim 1 further including the steps of inserting a corrugated strip of secondary heat exchange fin stock into said apertures between said confronting surfaces and securing said fin stock to said surfaces.
  • a method as set forth in claim 1 further including the step of collapsing in corrugated tube fashion the portions of said composite sheet adjacent to and surrounding said pair of spaced apart bands of weld preventing material, thereby reducing the center-to-center spacing of said strips.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US287240A 1963-06-12 1963-06-12 Fabrication of heat exchange devices Expired - Lifetime US3273227A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US287240A US3273227A (en) 1963-06-12 1963-06-12 Fabrication of heat exchange devices
GB21253/64A GB996122A (en) 1963-06-12 1964-05-22 Heat exchanger
NO153604A NO119087B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1963-06-12 1964-06-10
DE19641452809 DE1452809A1 (de) 1963-06-12 1964-06-11 Waermeaustauscher und Herstellungsverfahren

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US287240A US3273227A (en) 1963-06-12 1963-06-12 Fabrication of heat exchange devices

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US3273227A true US3273227A (en) 1966-09-20

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DE (1) DE1452809A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB996122A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NO (1) NO119087B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3384947A (en) * 1965-06-07 1968-05-28 Olin Mathieson Method of fabricating heat exchange devices
US3416600A (en) * 1967-01-23 1968-12-17 Whirlpool Co Heat exchanger having twisted multiple passage tubes
US3595299A (en) * 1968-07-29 1971-07-27 Linde Ag Apparatus for the evaporation of low-temperature liquefied gases
US4035894A (en) * 1971-11-19 1977-07-19 Rudolf Hintze Air conditioning apparatus and method for making the same, particularly for automotive vehicles
US4148294A (en) * 1976-04-15 1979-04-10 Dornier System Gmbh Solar collector panel and method of making
US5531268A (en) * 1993-11-24 1996-07-02 Showa Aluminum Corporation Heat exchanger
US5758720A (en) * 1996-11-26 1998-06-02 Behr America, Inc. Unitary heat exchanger core and method of making same
US6546999B1 (en) * 1998-07-10 2003-04-15 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Flat tubes for heat exchanger
US20050223738A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2005-10-13 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for heat exchange
US20050284619A1 (en) * 2004-06-29 2005-12-29 Jeroen Valensa Multi-pass heat exchanger

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4337826A (en) * 1979-02-26 1982-07-06 Peerless Of America, Inc. Heat exchangers and method of making same

Citations (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2190490A (en) * 1937-04-22 1940-02-13 American Rolling Mill Co Structural material
US2759247A (en) * 1950-07-21 1956-08-21 Olin Mathieson Method of making heat exchangers
US2779086A (en) * 1954-12-09 1957-01-29 Metal Specialty Company Method of making a hollow metal structure
US2856164A (en) * 1955-06-16 1958-10-14 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
GB813589A (en) * 1956-10-12 1959-05-21 Ici Ltd Heat exchange device
US2894731A (en) * 1955-07-18 1959-07-14 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
US2926003A (en) * 1955-05-04 1960-02-23 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
US2932491A (en) * 1957-10-03 1960-04-12 Gen Motors Corp Heat transfer unit
FR1238450A (fr) * 1959-07-03 1960-08-12 Chausson Usines Sa Appareil échangeur de chaleur
US2957679A (en) * 1955-06-02 1960-10-25 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
US2982013A (en) * 1956-10-30 1961-05-02 Olin Mathieson Fabrication of hollow articles
US2998639A (en) * 1959-03-03 1961-09-05 Olin Mathieson Method of making heat exchangers
US2999308A (en) * 1957-06-03 1961-09-12 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2190490A (en) * 1937-04-22 1940-02-13 American Rolling Mill Co Structural material
US2759247A (en) * 1950-07-21 1956-08-21 Olin Mathieson Method of making heat exchangers
US2779086A (en) * 1954-12-09 1957-01-29 Metal Specialty Company Method of making a hollow metal structure
US2926003A (en) * 1955-05-04 1960-02-23 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
US2957679A (en) * 1955-06-02 1960-10-25 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
US2856164A (en) * 1955-06-16 1958-10-14 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
US2894731A (en) * 1955-07-18 1959-07-14 Gen Motors Corp Refrigerating apparatus
GB813589A (en) * 1956-10-12 1959-05-21 Ici Ltd Heat exchange device
US2982013A (en) * 1956-10-30 1961-05-02 Olin Mathieson Fabrication of hollow articles
US2999308A (en) * 1957-06-03 1961-09-12 Olin Mathieson Heat exchanger
US2932491A (en) * 1957-10-03 1960-04-12 Gen Motors Corp Heat transfer unit
US2998639A (en) * 1959-03-03 1961-09-05 Olin Mathieson Method of making heat exchangers
FR1238450A (fr) * 1959-07-03 1960-08-12 Chausson Usines Sa Appareil échangeur de chaleur

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3384947A (en) * 1965-06-07 1968-05-28 Olin Mathieson Method of fabricating heat exchange devices
US3416600A (en) * 1967-01-23 1968-12-17 Whirlpool Co Heat exchanger having twisted multiple passage tubes
US3595299A (en) * 1968-07-29 1971-07-27 Linde Ag Apparatus for the evaporation of low-temperature liquefied gases
US4035894A (en) * 1971-11-19 1977-07-19 Rudolf Hintze Air conditioning apparatus and method for making the same, particularly for automotive vehicles
US4148294A (en) * 1976-04-15 1979-04-10 Dornier System Gmbh Solar collector panel and method of making
US5531268A (en) * 1993-11-24 1996-07-02 Showa Aluminum Corporation Heat exchanger
US5758720A (en) * 1996-11-26 1998-06-02 Behr America, Inc. Unitary heat exchanger core and method of making same
US5870825A (en) * 1996-11-26 1999-02-16 Behr America, Inc. Method of making unitary heat exchanger core
US6546999B1 (en) * 1998-07-10 2003-04-15 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Flat tubes for heat exchanger
US20050223738A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2005-10-13 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for heat exchange
US7347063B2 (en) * 2002-07-26 2008-03-25 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for heat exchange
US20050284619A1 (en) * 2004-06-29 2005-12-29 Jeroen Valensa Multi-pass heat exchanger
US7104314B2 (en) * 2004-06-29 2006-09-12 Modine Manufacturing Company Multi-pass heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB996122A (en) 1965-06-23
DE1452809A1 (de) 1969-05-08
NO119087B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1970-03-23

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